The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Haliburton primer, by M. W. Haliburton.
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Title: The Haliburton primer
Author: M. W. Haliburton
Contributor: Bruce R. Payne
Release Date: September 30, 2022 [eBook #69072]
Language: English
Produced by: Charlene Taylor, judeeylander and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE HALIBURTON PRIMER ***
Transcriber’s Note: Click on the [Listen] links to hear the music.
The music files are the music transcriber’s interpretation of the
printed notation and are placed in the public domain.
THE HALIBURTON PRIMER
[i]
THE HALIBURTON PRIMER BY
M. W. HALIBURTON
STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, FARMVILLE, VA.
D. C. HEATH & COMPANY
BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO
[ii]
Copyright, 1911,
By D. C. Heath & Co.
I A 6
[iii]
PREFACE
How to teach a child to read so as to create and preserve
the right attitude toward reading is one of the most
important problems of the school. That it has not been
solved to the joint satisfaction of theorist and of practical
teacher is evidenced by the continued discussion of the
subject both in speech and in print.
This little primer may not prove to be the last word
on primary reading. It is in my opinion the most valuable
word that has yet been spoken. For here we have
several of the most important desiderata for whose combination
all are searching.
The matter is interesting to the persons to whom it is
addressed; it is a series of stories about several little children
told in conversational form. Its thought units are
short but sequential, and its vocabulary is small, each word
being presented with interest, and repeated with variety in
its relations. As a natural outgrowth of the acquaintance
with old words comes the power to decipher new words.
The phonic lessons are well graded, and the subject is[iv]
properly subordinated to thought getting. The appeal
made to the primitive, æsthetic enjoyment of the jingle,
with simple melody and captivating rhythm, as the phonics
are presented, is followed by the gratification of finding
them contributory to the ability to read the classic rimes
which follow.
That all these values characterize the book is due to
the fact that many pedagogic virtues are characteristic
of its author. Those who have seen Miss Haliburton
teach know that her power to inspire, interest, and develop
her pupils is not only due to the fleeting influence of the
much talked of “teacher’s personality,” but is largely a
transferable ability, due to a gifted woman’s sympathetic
insight into the processes of the child mind, illuminated by
the scholar’s knowledge of genetic psychology.
An intimate acquaintance with the results attained by
those whom the author has instructed in her methods,
enhances the approval which her book itself commands.
The teacher who realizes the value of motor activity will be glad
to find early in this book such words and phrases as run, march,
jump, sing, whistle, bounce the ball, toss the ball, etc. She will know
how to utilize these in “action sentences” developed in the blackboard
lessons that usually precede reading from the book.
The vocabulary consists of 274 words, listed on pages 123 to 126,
with the number of the page on which each first occurs. They are
printed in clear type that they may be used at will for word drills.
Children vary much in their power to learn and apply phonic
facts. With some, slowness to perceive these facts is due to lack
of ear discrimination. With some, lack of power to apply the facts
is due to lack of reasoning power. The child who writes, “I like
the fresh ear,” and justifies her spelling by the analogies bear, tear,
wear, hence, ear, has too much reasoning power for the language
she inherits.
It is expected that most teachers will teach this book by the
“story” method, supplemented by the “word and sentence” method,
with recourse, where needful, to the “phonic” method. The various
combinations of any or all of these methods, and the various devices
employed will depend upon the training, the experience, and the
pedagogic faith of each teacher. The book can be thus taught
throughout without the use of phonics.
It is expected that the wise teacher will watch her class, and
present to the whole class, to the class by groups, or to individual
children, the phonic facts, when she thinks they can be best assimilated.
The teacher who presents them to all her children just as
and when they occur in the book, will do much less harm than in
handling any of the purely phonic readers, since the phonics are so[128]
easily graded, so successfully divorced from any injurious modification
of the sense of the text, and so skillfully associated with melody
and rhythm that they will never, as presented, produce the baleful
effect of correlating the sight and sound and motor centers, with
the intellect left out, under the name of reading.
The sounds of the single consonants, of the digraphs, ch, sh, th,
wh, wr, and kn, that are treated as single letters, and the short
sounds of the vowels are learned first as the initial letters of certain
words that are well known as wholes. For instance, run has already
become thoroughly known as a word when the child finds it at the
bottom of page 3 printed thus:
Run R
run r
It will be seen from this that the word run is not to be analyzed
at this stage into the two parts r and un. Only the sound of the
letter r is to be taught. This is done by having the sound of r
associated with the letter. The printed symbol (given here in its
two forms, the capital and the small letter) is to be known to the
child as representative of the sound of the letter, not of the name
of the letter. It requires but little effort to teach the child how
to sound an initial letter. The teacher may request him to “start to
say” some familiar word, as run, but to utter only the first sound
of the word. To facilitate the process, she may do this herself
and afterward have the child do it. When he has learned to give
the sound of r, she shows him the letter, which from this time
is known by its sound. In this way the sound of each letter may
be taught. The names of the letters will be learned later in the
year.
The next step toward making the child self-helpful is developed
in the primer by means of phonic jingles such as will be found on
page 51. The rime is to be read aloud by the teacher and repeated
or sung by the children. Many teachers will prefer to write the
rime on the blackboard. The simple, artistic melody given with
each rime helps the child to memorize it. The appropriate story[129]
which precedes the rime and upon which it is based, together with
the picture that illustrates it, invests the rime with interest for the
children.
As will be seen, these phonic jingles contain words that are alike
in symbol as well as in sound. It is confusing to the child at this
early stage of the work to have before his eyes different symbols for
the same sound, as is the case, for instance, when he has high and
sky to rime with I, or see and me to rime with sea. His riming words
at this time should aid the eye as well as the ear. For this reason
the phonic jingles have been given.
The words of the jingle that are arranged in a column at the right
of the page, are easily separated into two parts, showing that they
all belong to the same “phonic family,” thus, c-at, m-at, etc. Such
separation of words into parts is not shown in the primer for the
reason that it is not considered best to present to the child’s eye, at
this early period, printed words that are disfigured in any way. His
first book should show the words as wholes. This fact, however,
need not prevent the teacher from using the phonic jingles for word
analysis. The words in the column having been shown as wholes to
the child, he sees that they not only rime to his ear but resemble
each other to the eye. Moreover, the words in the column look
exactly like the same words when he finds them in the sentences he
reads. Before he reaches the phonic jingle on any given page, the
child has learned to know by sight and sound the consonants that
are the initial letters of the words he is to sound in the jingle. For
instance, he has learned to know and to sound the consonants c, m, b,
th, r, p, f, and s before the phonic jingle on page 51 is given to him.
It is then an easy matter to lead up to a simple analysis of the words.
The rime has been read by the teacher and repeated or sung by the
child; the words in the body of the rime, which are repeated in the
column at the right of the page, have been seen by the child in both
places. He may now be taught to cover the unlike parts (the initial
consonants) of the words in the column and show the like parts (the
phonogram that indicates the “family” to which each of the words[130]
belongs). He may then cover the like parts, showing, in turn, the
unlike parts.
Unlike Parts
Like Parts
c-
at
m-
at
b-
at
th-
at
More ambitious teachers, and those who emphasize phonics earlier
in the reading process, may wish to continue this analysis of words
even further, by separating each word into three or more parts, having
the child give the sound of each letter, thus,
c a t,
m a t,
b a t
m a t
b a t
The jingles lend themselves to both treatments. But it will be more
in keeping with modern pedagogy if the separation of words is limited
at this stage to analyzing words into phonetic families, as, for instance,
the family of “at,” the family of “ap,” etc. This treatment
is advised for primer work.
Mother Goose rimes may be read later in the book where several
of them are given. Before they are read by the children the rimes
should be memorized and then dramatized in the simple childlike
way in which the young actors in the book are represented as playing
Jack and Jill. A short phonic drill is then deduced from the
Mother Goose rime in much the same way as from the phonic jingles.
When the children have learned to sound cat, mat, hit, sit, etc.
(pages 51 and 68), and to find, from these words, the stems at and it,
the teacher should reverse the process, leading the children to build
words from such stems as an, am, and, end, in, on, up, all, is, as, etc.
an
can
man
pan
tan
Dan
am
dam
ram
and
hand
sand
end
bend
mend
[131]
in
pin
thin
shin
up
cup
pup
sup
on
con
Don
pond
all
ball
call
fall
wall
tall
stall
small
Next the children should be required to build lists of words that are
similar in sound and spelling to other words that are known at sight.
lad
glad
had
sad
bad
did
hid
rid
lid
slid
him
dim
rim
swim
vim
hen
men
pen
when
wren
bed
red
fed
led
sled
went
bent
lent
sent
but
cut
nut
shut
hum
drum
gum
chum
pitch
ditch
hitch
witch
catch
match
hatch
scratch
During the first school year the effect of the final e on the preceding
vowel should be taught by means of words already well known
to the children, thus:
cat
fat
fate
mat
mate
hat
hate
lad
glad
glade
fad
fade
mad
made
can
fan
fane
pan
pane
van
vane
sap
cap
cape
nap
nape
tap
tape
it
bit
bite
quit
quite
whit
white
did
hid
hide
rid
ride
him
dim
dime
rim
rime
in
pin
pine
shin
shine
got
not
note
cot
cote
stop
hop
hope
pop
pope
[132]
but
cut
cute
rub
cub
cube
dub
tub
tube
jet
pet
Pete
bet
met
mete
All this work may be given from the blackboard.
Some teachers will probably prefer to have the child read through
the primer before attempting to apply the knowledge of letter sounds
and phonic analysis that he has gained. Such teachers will rightly
consider it as more important than anything else that the child be
led to regard the book as a storehouse of attractive stories, and each
sentence as expressing a thought which he can get and express again.
But when this object is attained the teacher will be wise to let the
child find out how he may help himself to the thought getting by
the power the initial letter gives him of “feeling for” the new word,
and later by the power the jingles give him of “making sure” of
the words.
The author has found that a vocabulary limited in quantity is
a sufficient impediment to writing interesting stories for young
children. She has, therefore, eschewed in the text any such sacrifice
of sense to sound as would limit her vocabulary in quality also.
She has, however, realized the value, in giving independence, of introducing
simple phonics early. She has, therefore, taken advantage
of the natural tendency of children to make and to repeat alliterations
and rimes. In the interest of veracity, all attempts to beguile
the child into believing that “Wag the rag in the bag” is either an
interesting or an instructive “story” are avoided; it is frankly acknowledged
to the child that the alliterations and rimes in this book
are “nonsense-jingles” from the side of reason, though capable of
affording enjoyment on the side of musical appreciation.
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