The Project Gutenberg eBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 123, March 6, 1852

This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 123, March 6, 1852

Author: Various

Editor: George Bell

Release date: September 20, 2012 [eBook #40804]
Most recently updated: October 23, 2024

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. V, NUMBER 123, MARCH 6, 1852 ***

Vol. V.—No. 123. NOTES AND QUERIES: A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.

VOL. V.—No. 123.

SATURDAY, MARCH 6. 1852.

Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5d.

CONTENTS.

NOTES:—

South Sea Playing Cards, by John Sudlow 217

Birthplace of the Empress Josephine, by Henry H. Breen 220

Notes on Homer, No. III., by Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie 221

Folk Lore:—Ancient Custom on Interment—Pure Rain Water—Cure for Hooping Cough 223

Sainted Kings Incorruptible 223

Minor Notes:—Rev. A. Butler—Birthplace of Bishop Hoadley—Humboldt's "Cosmos," and Nares' "Attempt"—Gough, the Irish Portion of his Camden: Ledwich—Chronogram—Junius and the Quarterly Review again 224

QUERIES:—

Seven Queries 225

Plague Stones 226

Minor Queries:—The Cross on Counsels' Briefs—Sir James Hayes, of Bedgebury, Kent—Authorship of the Song "Oh Nanny," &c.—Hexameter Poem on English Counties—Wild Oats, Origin of the Phrase—The Dr. Richard Mortons—General Lambert—Cross-legged Effigies and Collars of SS.—The Crooked Billet—Collins the Poet, and his Ode on the Music of the Grecian Theatre—Bishop Kidder's Autobiography—Shrine of Edward the Confessor—"Wise above that which is written"—"Hoffman," a Tragedy by Chettle—Inverted Commas—Quotations Wanted—Deacons, a Phrase used by Foxe—The Count de Vordac 226

MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:—Hoare's Charity—Dr. Sacheverell's "Sermon at Derby"—Lucas Lossius—The "Athenian Oracle" 229

REPLIES:—

French Revolutions foretold 231

Grimesdyke 231

Poet referred to by Bacon, by S. W. Singer 232

Johnson's House, Bolt Court 232

Cooper's Miniature of Cromwell, by Major-General Fox 234

The Queen of the Isle of Man 234

Replies to Minor Queries:—Old Scots March—Elizabeth, Equestrian Figure of—Meaning of Stickle—Latin Names of Towns—Llandudno, on the Great Orme's Head—Brozier—Passage in Troilus and Cressida—Nelson Family—Maps of Africa—Muggleton—Passage in Hamlet—Theoloneum—Donkey—Sir Samuel Garth—Princes of Wales and Earls of Chester, &c.: Mr. Bush's Collection—Litera scripta manet 235

MISCELLANEOUS:—

Notes on Books, &c. 237

Books and Odd Volumes wanted 238

Notices to Correspondents 238

Advertisements 239

List of Notes and Queries volumes and pages

Notes.

SOUTH SEA PLAYING CARDS.

It is pretty generally known that, during the South Sea mania, a pack of playing cards was published in illustration of the prevailing folly. Each card contained a caricature of one of the numerous bubble companies, with a pertinent verse underneath. These cards are now extremely rare. I never saw a complete set, nor do I know where one is to be found. Some time ago a friend kindly furnished me with a copy of all the verses (except one), and as I am not aware that they have been printed separately, I beg to forward a transcript for preservation in "N. & Q.;" not because I think they have any excellence to recommend them, but because it is desirable that so curious a record of a very extraordinary time should not be entirely lost.

Perhaps some of your correspondents can supply the missing verse:—

SPADES.

Ace. River Douglas.

"Since bubbles came in vogue, new arts are found

To cut thro' rocks, and level rising ground;

That murmuring waters may be made more deep,

To drown the knaves and lull the fools asleep."

Two. Grand Fishery.

"Well might this bubble claim the style of grand,

Whilst they that raised the same could fish by land;

But now the town does at the project pish,

They've nothing else to cry but stinking fish."

Three. Cleaning the Streets.

"A cleanly project, well approved no doubt,

By strolling dames, and all that walk on foot.

This bubble well deserves the name of best,

Because the cleanest bite of all the rest."

Four. Fish Pool.

"How famous is the man that could contrive,

To serve this gluttonous town with fish alive.

But now we're bubbled by his fishing pools,

And as the men catch fish, the fish catch fools."

Five. York Buildings Water Company.

"You that are blest with wealth by your Creator,

And want to drown your money in Thames water,

Buy but York buildings, and the cistern there

Will sink more pence than any fool can spare."

Six. Insurance on Lives.

"Come all ye gen'rous husbands with your wives

Insure round sums on your precarious lives,

That to your comfort, when you're dead and rotten,

Your widows may be rich when you're forgotten."

Seven. Stockings Company.

"You that delight to keep your sweaty feet,

By often changing stockings, clean and neat,

Deal not in stocking shares, because I doubt

Those that buy most 'ere long will go without."

Eight. Puckles Machine (Bullets round and square).

"A rare invention to destroy the crowd

Of fools at home, instead of foes abroad.

Fear not, my friends, this terrible machine,

They're only wounded that have shares therein."

Nine. Welsh Copper.

"This bubble for a time may current pass,

Copper's the title, but 'twill end in brass;

Knaves cry it up, fools buy, but when it fails,

The losing crowd will cry 'lots splutter a'nails.'"

Ten. Providing for and employing all the Poor of
Great Britain.

"The poor when managed and employ'd in trade,

Are to the public welfare useful made.

But if kept idle, from their vices spring

W——s for the stews, and soldiers for the king."

Knave. Raddish Oil.

"Our oily project with the gaping town,

Will surely for a time go smoothly down.

We sow and press to carry on the cheat:

To bite Change Alley is not fraud, but wit."

Queen. For erecting Hospitals for taking in and
maintaining Illegitimate Children.

"Love on, ye jolly rakes and buxom dames,

A child is safer than venereal flames;

Indulge your senses with the sweet offence,

We'll keep your bastards at a small expence."

King. An inoffensive Way of emptying Houses of Office.

"Our fragrant bubble, would the world believe it,

Is to make human dung smell sweet as civet;

None sure before us ever durst presume

To turn a ... into a rich perfume."

CLUBS.

Ace. Lute-string Co.

"These crafty managers have play'd for years

The world as many tricks as dancing bears,

By bubbling too they broke their ancient rules;

They first made lute-strings, but they now make fools."

Two. Paste board Manufacturing Co.

"As empty sayings flow from windy fools,

So pasteboard bubbles rise from paper skulls.

Madness must surely be the town's disease

When knaves get money by such whims as these."

Three. Trade to Harborough.

"You that delight to take up foreign linen,

At Harbro' made, a little town near Bremen,

Encourage trade abroad for time to come,

And, like kind fools, neglect your own at home."

Four. Saltpetre.

"Come all ye black infernal powder makers,

And Rocketeers that deal in squibs and crackers,

Buy petre stock, let me be your adviser,

'Twill make you (tho' not richer) much the wiser."

Five. For Bleaching Coarse Sugars.

"Fair tattling gossips, you that love to see

Fine sugar blended with expensive tea,

Since you delight in things both dear and sweet,

Buy sugar shares, and you'll be sweetly bit."

Six. Fatting of Hogs.

"Come all ye bacon making, greasy rogues

That want good names for your meagre hogs,

Send them to us, and at a small expence,

We'll fat 'em up with offal, blood, and grains."

Seven. Rose Insurance from Fire.

"Projecting sure must be a gainful trade,

Since all the elements are bubbles made;

They're right that gull us with the dread of fire,

For fear makes greater fools than fond desire."

Eight. Buying Seamen's Tickets.

"As the case stands, the Wapping wives all buy

The seamen's tickets for a small supply;

But 'tis no matter whether spendthrift slaves

Are choused by Wapping w——s, or bubbling knaves."

Nine. Liverpool Fresh Water.

"This town does to our Western Islands deal,

And serves 'em with malt liquors, and with meal,

Both excellently good! then how in nature

Can people brew fine drink, yet want fresh water."

Ten. Bleaching of Hair Company.

"Here dirty brown, dark red, and yellow hair,

Are bleach'd to colours that are fine and fair,

Then blended,—so that half the w——s in town

Contribute to adorn one addled crown."

Knave. Freeholders Company.

"Come all ye spendthrift prodigals that hold

Free land, and want to turn the same to gold,

We'll buy your all, provided you agree

To drown your purchase-money in South Sea."

Queen. Lending Money on Bottomry.

"Some lend their money for the sake of more,

And others borrow to increase their store;—

Both these do oft engage in Bottomree,

But curse sometimes the bottom of the sea."

King. Irish Sail Cloth.

"If good St. Patrick's friends should raise a stock,

And make in Irish looms true hollands duck,

Then shall this noble project, by my soul,

No longer be a bubble but a bull."

HEARTS.

Ace. Hemp and Flax.

"Here hemp is served for stubborn rogues to die in,

And softer flax for tender skins to lie in,

But should the useful project be defeated,

The knaves will prosper, and the fools be cheated."

Two. Manuring of Land.

"A noble undertaking, but abused,

And only as a tricky bubble used;—

Much they pretend to, but the public fear,

They'll never make corn cheap, or horse-dung dear!"

Three. Coal Trade from Newcastle.

"Some deal in water, some in wind like fools,

Others in wood, but we alone in coals;

From such like projects a declining nation

May justly fear a fatal inflammation."

Four. Water Engine.

"Come all ye culls, my water engine buy

To pump your flooded mines and coal-pits dry:

Some projects are all wind, but ours is water,

And tho' at present low, may rise herea'ter."

Five. Royal Fishery of Great Britain.

"They talk of distant seas, of ships and nets,

And with the style of Royal, gild their baits;

When all that the projectors hope or wish for

Is to catch fools, the only chubs they fish for."

Six. Erecting Houses of Office in Britain for Strangers
and Travellers.

"A useful project merrily advanced,

Tho' chiefly by town-nightmen countenanced,

Design'd to sweeten the North British nation,

And put close stools and bedpans out of fashion."

Seven. Building Ships to let to Freight.

"Who but a nest of blockheads to their cost,

Would build new ships for freights when trade is lost?

To raise fresh barks must surely be amusing,

When hundreds rot in docks for want of using."

Eight. Drying Malt by the Air.

"Of all the windy projects now in vogue

To fleece the fool, and feed the cunning rogue,

The malting bubble seems to be most fair,

Because our maltsters own they work by air."

Nine. English Copper and Brass Company.

"The headlong fool that wants to be a swopper

Of gold and silver coin for English copper,

May in Change Alley prove himself an ass,

And give rich metal for adult'rate brass."

Ten. Exporting Timber from Germany.

"You that are rich and hasty to be poor,

Buy timber export from the German shore;

For gallowses built up of foreign wood,

If rightly used, may do Change Alley good."

Knave. For Erecting Salt-works in Holy Island.

"Here by mixt elements of earth and water,

They make a mud that turns to salt herea'ter,

To help the project on among Change dealers,

May all bad wives, like Lot's, become salt pillars,

Since crowds of fools delight to be salt sellers."

Queen. Curing Tobacco for Snuff.

"Here slaves for snuffs are sifting Indian weed,

Whilst th' overseer does the riddle feed.

The dust arising gives their eyes much trouble,

To show their blindness that espouse the bubble."

King. Whale Fishery.

"Whale fishing, which was once a gainful trade,

Is now by cunning heads a bubble made,

For round the Change they only spread their sails,

And to catch gudgeons, bait their hooks with whales."

DIAMONDS.

Ace. Sir J. Lambert's Improvement of Land Company.

"The famous knight that is the sole projector,

Of this new bubble, is a South director;

But 'twod be better taken at his hands,

To raise poor South Sea, than improve poor lands."

Two. Greenland Trade.

"This project was to catch, to cut or boil,

Huge whales and other monstrous fish to oil;

A stinking bubble tho' of late so dear,

Yet now the greatest sharers stink for fear."

Three. [Wanting.]

Four. Insurance on Horses.

"You that keep horses to preserve your ease,

And pads to please your wives and mistresses,

Insure their lives, and if they die we'll make

Full satisfaction, or be bound to break."

Five. Bahama Islands.

"Rare fruitful isles, where not an ass can find

A verdant tuft or thistle to his mind.

How then must those poor silly asses fare,

That leave their native land to settle there?"

Six. Insurance on Ships.

"In vain are all insurances,—for still

The raging winds must answer heaven's hill;

To what wise purpose do we then insure,

Since some must lose whate'er the sea devour?"

Seven. Rock-salt.

"You that are willing to preserve your meat

In winter savoury, and in summer sweet,

Encourage this salt project, and your coin

Will turn to some account—at least to brine."

Eight. Settling Colonies in Acadia, N. America.

"He that is rich and wants to fool away

A good round sum in North America,

Let him subscribe himself a headlong sharer,

And asses' ears shall honour him or bearer."

Nine. Pennsylvanian Company.

"Come all ye saints that would for little buy

Great tracts of land, and care not where they lie,

Deal with your Quaking friends, they're men of light;

The spirit hates deceit, and scorns to bite."

Ten. Purchasing Estates illegally detained.

"You that have dormant titles to estates,

Piled on your closet shelves to feed the rats,

Sell them to us, we'll gratify your spite,

And plague the rogues that roil you of your right."

Knave. Coral Fishery.

"Coral, that beauteous product only found

Beneath the water and above the ground,

If fish'd for as it ought, from thence might spring

A Neptune's palace for a British king."

Queen. Furnishing Funerals to all Parts of Great
Britain.

"Come all ye sickly mortals, die apace,

And solemn pomps your funerals shall grace;

Old rusty hackneys still attend each hearse,

And scarecrows in black gowns complete the farce."

King. Temple Mills.

"By these old mills strange wonders have been done,

Numbers have suffer'd, yet they still work on;

Then tell us, which have done the greater ills,

The Temple lawyers, or the Temple Mills?"

JNO. SUDLOW.

BIRTHPLACE OF THE EMPRESS JOSEPHINE.

It is commonly believed that the Island of Martinique was the birthplace of Marie Josephine Rose Tascher de la Pagerie, better known as the Empress Josephine. It would seem, however, from the following circumstances, that St. Lucia has a preferable claim to that distinction. By the treaty of Paris (10th February, 1763), St. Lucia, until then one of the neutral islands, was ceded to France, and was made a dependency of Martinique. The first step adopted by the local authorities on that occasion, was to offer extensive grants of land in St. Lucia to such families in Martinique as might be disposed to settle in the former island; and among those who took advantage of the proposal was M. de Tascher, the father of Josephine. In the course of the year 1763 he came over to St. Lucia, and settled with his family on the crest of a hill called Paix-Bouche, within a few miles of the site now occupied by the principal town. Here they continued to reside until 1771, when M. de Tascher, having been selected for the office of President of the Conseil Souverain in Martinique, returned with his family to that island, taking with him a child seven years old, to whom Madame de Tascher had given birth at Morne Paix-Bouche on the 24th June, 1764, and who was destined to become the wife of Bonaparte and the Empress of France.

The fact that M. de Tascher and his family settled in St. Lucia after the Treaty of Paris, is too well established to require corroboration. The fact that his residence there extended from 1763 to 1771, is no less certain. While collecting materials some years ago for the history of St. Lucia, I met with the most authentic proofs of this circumstance; but having returned the books and documents to the several parties to whom they belonged, I am unable at this moment to give a special reference under this head. As regards the particular date of Mademoiselle De Tascher's birth, I am indebted for a knowledge of it to no less an authority than M. Sidney Daney, the author of a voluminous history of Martinique, who, while asserting that she was born on the paternal estate in that island, records the date in the following words:

"Cette année 1764 fut signalée par la naissance d'une femme qui, tout en parvenant à la plus glorieuse des destinées humaines, devait être à la fois le symbole le plus doux de cette divine charité. Le vingt-quatre Juin naquit aux Trois-Ilets, sur l'habitation de ses parens, Marie Josephine Rose Tascher de la Pagerie."

That the claim of St. Lucia to the honour of having given birth to that remarkable woman is no idle dream, no imaginary pretension, now set up for the first time, can be shown by many circumstances. From her coronation in 1804, to her death in 1814, there were several persons in St. Lucia who asserted their knowledge of the fact. Some of them were still living in 1825, when the late Sir John Jeremie came to St. Lucia and collected information on the subject. In 1831 that able judge published in a local newspaper a short historical notice of St. Lucia, in which he gives the following unequivocal testimony on this question. I quote from the St. Lucia Gazette and Public Advertiser of 23rd February, 1831:

"On the summit of one of its (St. Lucia's) highest mountains, the Paix-Bouche (a word which in Negro-French is significantly expressive of silence), on a spot surrounded by trees, apparently the growth of centuries, it might be supposed that here at least the very name of the extraordinary being who has given an impulse to the age of Napoleon had scarcely reached. A few yards from the almost impracticable and faintly traced path is the mouldering foundation of a decayed cottage. That was the birthplace of Josephine. The inhabitants of Martinique, with whom all the St. Lucia families are connected, lay claim to Josephine as their countrywoman. The fact is, however, as I have stated it; and this was admitted by one of her own family at Martinique to a lady of our island, but with the truly French addition, 'qu'elle n'avait fait qu'y naître.' The companion of her childhood was Mr. Martin Raphael, late a councillor of the royal court, who is still living, and who on visiting France was kindly received by her at Malmaison. Madame Delomel, who died but a few months ago at a very advanced age, knew her well."

On my arrival in St. Lucia in 1831, an old woman of colour, named Dédé, was pointed out to me as having been in the service of the Taschers at Morne Paix-Bouche. She was then residing with the family of Mr. R. Juge, the President of the Court of First Instance, and that gentleman assured me that nothing was more certain than that Josephine was born in St. Lucia. I afterwards had several conversations with Dédé on the subject, and she confirmed Mr. Juge's statement, adding that she was present at the time of Josephine's birth, and was employed as her bonne until the departure of the family for Martinique. Dédé was an intelligent old dame, then about eighty years of age, and was greatly respected by every one.

I am aware that all this is at variance with the biographical records of our time, which assign Martinique as the place of Josephine's birth. But this inaccuracy may be accounted for on the following grounds. 1st. St. Lucia is within a short distance of Martinique, and at the period of Josephine's birth was a dependency, a portion, as it were, of that colony. 2nd. The family had long been settled in Martinique before they came to St. Lucia, and all their predilections were for the former island. 3rd. Their sojourn in St. Lucia was not of long duration, and in a few years the circumstance of their having been there at all was probably forgotten by the public. 4th. There was no priest in St. Lucia in 1764, by whom the child might have been christened, and the place of her birth established beyond dispute. 5th. When at a subsequent period she was baptized in Martinique, it happened naturally enough that there was no one present who had any knowledge of her having been born in St. Lucia, or who felt any concern in the matter. 6th. M. De Tascher had now become a personage of some distinction, and he was probably not unwilling to efface the recollection of his having been, at one time, a needy planter in the wilds of St. Lucia. 7th. Facts which have since acquired an obvious importance, were of none at all in 1771. The suppression of such a circumstance, whether intentional or accidental, would have attracted no notice at that period of the history of the Taschers. It was not then anticipated that a member of the family would, at no very remote period, become associated with the greatest actor in the most extraordinary revolution in the world's history, and prove herself not unworthy of so exalted a destiny.

All that relates to the Empress Josephine receives an added degree of interest from recent occurrences. It would be strange if the wife who was discarded by Napoleon because she could not give him an heir for the imperial throne, should give him, if not an heir, his first successor, in the person of her grandson, Prince Louis Napoleon. As regards St. Lucia, too, there is a coincidence which may be worth mentioning. When Napoleon fell into our hands after the battle of Waterloo, St. Lucia was the place first selected for his exile; but in consequence of the dangers likely to arise frown its proximity to Martinique, the scheme was relinquished, and the preference given to St. Helena.

HENRY H. BREEN.

St. Lucia.

NOTES ON HOMER, NO. III.
(Continued from Vol. v., p. 172.)

Lachmann and Grote. New Views.

Agreeably to my promise at the conclusion of my former article, I continue and conclude my remarks on the Homeric question.

Nitzsch, one of Wolf's most indefatigable and learned opponents, examined his theory with the closest critical nicety, and, by proving its fallaciousness, he shook the stability of it very much—not wholly, however, because disproof does not always engender disbelief; scholars were beginning to lose faith therein, when, ten years ago, the late Carl Lachmann revived it, with certain modifications, in his Fernere Betrachtungen über die Ilias (Abhandl. Berlin. Acad. 1841), where he has proposed the following views:—

That the Homeric poems were not composed by one man, but by several, working together; and that, after the collection of these lays by Peisistratos, the history of them is precisely as given us by classical writers.

This proposition, to use the words of Grote,[1] "explains the gaps and contradictions in the narrative, but it explains nothing else;" and is further refuted by the actual facts of the poems themselves,[2] where, as we find, no contradictions bearing on this point occur, and the whole sixteen poets (for such is Lachmann's number) concur in killing and sending off the stage, so to speak, these considerable chieftains (and all in the first battle after the secession of Achilles), Elephenor, chief of the Eubœans,[3] Tlepolemos, of the Rhodians;[4] Pandaros of the Lycians;[5] Odios, of the Halizonians;[6] Pirous and Acamas, of the Thracians;[7] besides many of inferior note. None of these reappear in the whole course of the work; and it seems strange, as Mure continues, that "any number of 'independent poets' should have so harmoniously dispensed with the services of all six in the sequel." And he then cites the solitary discrepancy, Pylæmenes, as the only exception,[8] whose death is related in the fifth, and who weeps at his son's funeral in the thirteenth book. This however, Mure explains as an oversight on the part of the poet (which is, however, impossible), or to the more probable cause of an interpolation of verses 658 and 659 by an early rhapsodist, "better versed in the 'Battle of the Ships,' as his habitual part in the recital, than in the 'Prowess of Diomed.'"

[1] Grote, vol. ii. p. 231.

[2] Mure, Appendix C., vol. i. p. 507.

[3] Ιλ. iv. 469.

[4] Ιλ. v. 659.

[5] Ιλ. v. 290.

[6] v. 39.

[7] iv. 527., vi. 7.

[8] v. 576., xiii. 658.

Grote also objects to the modifications of Lachmann, and in the following words:

"The advocates of the Wolfian theory appear to feel the difficulties which beset it: for their language is wavering in respect to these supposed primary atoms.... I will add in respect to his [Lachmann's] dissertations, so instructive as a microscopic examination of the poem, 1. That I find myself constantly dissenting from that critical feeling on the strength of which he cuts out parts as interpolations, and discovers traces of the hands of distinct poets: 2. That his objections against the continuity of the narrative are often founded upon lines which the ancient scholiasts and Mr. Payne Knight had already pronounced to be interpolations: 3. That such of his objections as are founded upon lines undisputed admit, in many cases, of a complete and satisfactory reply."[9]

[9] Hist. of Greece, vol. ii. p. 232. n. 1.

Grote's own opinions on the subject are difficult to arrive at, but what he has said is mostly true. These three different views of the Homeric controversy have, as I have said, occupied the world since thinking on the subject began; each hypothesis has found most able, critical, and quibbling adherents and opponents, each affirming and proving, after his own way, what the others denied and scouted.

There is another author who has likewise discussed the subject of Homer, and in a way more attractive to the general reader; and that is the finely-feeling and learned Walter Savage Landor, in his Pericles and Aspasia. Speaking in the person of Pericles, he says:—[10]

"I have no paradox to maintain, no partiality to defend. Some tell us there were twenty Homers; some deny that there was ever one. It were idle and foolish to shake the contents of a vase in order to let them settle at last. We are perpetually labouring to destroy our delights, our composure, our devotion to superior power. Of all the animals on earth we least know what is good for us. My opinion is, that what is best for us is our admiration of good. No man living venerates Homer more than I do. He was the only author I read when I was a boy; for our teachers are usually of opinion that wisdom and poetry are, like fruits for children, unwholesome, if too fresh. Simonides had indeed grown somewhat sound; Pindar was heating; Æschylus ... ay, but Æschylus was almost at the next door. Homer then nourished my fancy, animated my dreams, awoke me in the morning, marched with me, sailed with me, taught me morals, taught me language, taught me music, and philosophy, and war."

[10] Pericles and Aspasia, Letter LXXXIV.—Works, vol. ii. p. 387.

Agreeing with my honoured friend in what I have italicised above, I think it is time that the Homeric question were set at rest, and, to atone for our error in shaking the vase, let it remain at peace forever. I offer my reflections on the subject with extreme diffidence, yet, though I confess myself open to correction, and desirous of it, as a friend to literature, I cannot say that I think my views will be found far from an approximation to the truth, which, at this remote age, is all we can possibly arrive at. As Plinius Secundus held that there was no book so bad but that something might be learned from it, so I hold that there is no theory so bad (always excepting that one put forth by some escaped Bedlamite, of Shakspeare's non-being, and that his works were the composition of the monks), but that there lies some truth at the bottom of it. On that principle I have endeavoured "to lay the keel" (as Southey used to say of his planned poems) of a reconciliation between all the beliefs of all the theorists.

I will state my theory, as I have done the others, in the plainest possible terms; and, to begin at the beginning, I must go back to the origin of song. Is it possible that an army like that of the Hellenes when at Troy, had no idea of passing the weary evenings except in drinking and talking? No: surely not. We find Phemios singing, in the Odyssea, lays of much the same kidney as those in Athenæos, and in Xenophon's Symposion. These were short recitals of some particular circumstance of antiquity, half religious and half earthly. No doubt the common soldiers of that age had, like the common sailors of some fifty years ago, some one qualified to "discourse in excellent music" among them. Many of these, like those of the negroes in the United States, were extemporaneous, and allusive to events passing around them. But what was passing around them? The grand events of a spirit-stirring war; occurrences likely to impress themselves, as the mystical legends of former times had done, upon their memory; besides which, a retentive memory was deemed a virtue of the first water, and was cultivated accordingly, in those ancient times. Ballads at first, and down to the beginning of the war with Troy, were mere recitations with an intonation. Then followed a species of recitative, probably with an intoned burden. Tune next followed, as it aided the memory considerably.

It was at this period, about four hundred years after the war, that a poet flourished of the name of Melesigenes, or Meonides, but most probably the former. He saw that these ballads might be made of great utility to his purpose of writing a poem on the social position of Hellas, and as a collection he published these lays, connecting them by a tale of his own. This poem now exists under the title of the Odyssea. The author, however, did not affix his own name to the poem, which, in fact, was great part of it remodelled from the archaïc dialect of Crete, in which tongue the ballads were found by him. He therefore called it the poem of Homeros, or the Collector.[11] But this is rather a proof of his modesty and talent, than of his mere drudging arrangement of other people's ideas, for, as Grote has finely observed, arguing for the unity of authorship, "a great poet might have recast pre-existing separate songs into one comprehensive whole; but no mere arrangers or compilers would be competent to do so."[12]

[11] Welcker, Der Epische Cyclus, p. 127. Professor Wilson, in his System of Hindu Mythology (Introduct. p. lxii.), has the following passage, quoted by Grote: "The sage Vyasa is represented not as the author, but as the arranger and compiler of the Vedas and the Purânas. His name dates his character, meaning the arranger or distributor; and the recurrence of so many Vyasas,—many individuals who new-modelled the Hindu Scriptures,—has nothing in it that is improbable, except the fabulous intervals by which their labours are separated."

[12] Hist of Greece, vol. ii. p. 232.

While employed on the wild legend of Odysseus, he met with a ballad recording the quarrel of Achilles and Agamemnon; his noble mind seized the hint that there presented itself, and the Achilleïs[13] grew under his hand. Unity of design, however, caused him to publish the poem under the same pseudonyme as his former work; and the disjointed lays of the ancient bards were joined together, like those relating to the Cid, into a chronicle history, named the Iliad.[14] Melesigenes knew that the poem was destined to be a lasting one; and so it has proved. But first, the poems were destined to undergo many vicissitudes and corruptions, by the people who took to singing them in the streets, assemblies, and agoras. However, Solon first, and then Peisistratos, and afterwards Aristoteles and others, revised the poems, and restored the works of Melesigenes Homeros to their original integrity in a great measure. But that this was of no great avail is evident from the corruption οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι, in the opening. All birds are not carnivorous, and therefore the passage must be wrong: besides, the words immediately following, savouring somewhat of interpolation, and, indeed, being condemned by some as such, would lead to the fair assumption that the whole line was corrupted.

[13] "The first book, together with the eighth, and the books from the eleventh to the twenty-second inclusive, seem to form the primary organisation of the poem, then properly an Achilleïs," &c.—Grote, Vol. ii. pp. 235. fol.

[14] Mure, vol. i. p. 23 n. Ticknor, History of Spanish Literature, vol. i. p. 11. seq.

I said before (Vol. v., p. 99.) that the Cyclic poems illustrated the history of the Homeric compositions, just as the letters of Poplicola, and those of Philo Junius, illustrate the history of Junius; but I am not inclined to deprive them all of credit as the compositions of the same poet. For instance, part of the Ιλιας μικρα was probably done from the notes of Melesigenes, who was, like Herodotos, always at work upon some matter.

The origin of writing has been made a stumbling-block in the Homeric question, and most foolishly; and I must again agree with Colonel Mure on this subject. Mr. Grote, Mr. Granville Penn, and the Colonel, have done more for the elucidation of the question than any other scholars of the present or last age; and it is to them we must turn for further assistance. I wish they would give their attention to the hymns, especially that to Hermes; for "thereby hangs a tale."

As for me, I leave my speculations to the mercy of those who do not think like myself. I am satisfied that they are not far from the truth, and as near as we can hope to come in these days. Indeed, it is a well-known fact, embodied in the old proverb, "What's one man's meat's another's poison;" and that which is convincing to one is the contrary to another.

Ere I "close" my "scribblings," however, I must tender my thanks to the Editor of "N. & Q.," for his kind admission of these articles to his pages. Haveto!

KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.

March 3. 1852.

FOLK LORE.

Ancient Custom on Interment.

—I have read that it was a custom to inter an hour-glass with the deal, as an emblem of the sand of life being run out; or perhaps (as I should rather suggest) to intimate that the departed, having entered upon eternity, had done with time. I believe that in the early part of the last century the custom had not entirely disappeared, and that small hour-glasses were given to the friends of the deceased attending at funerals, and were put beside the corpse (like rosemary), or thrown into the grave? Does the custom still linger in any remote parts of the country?

W. S. G.

Newcastle-on-Tyne.

Pure Rain Water.

—Pure rain water is said to be an infallible cure for sore eyes, and cases are reported to the writer by persons who have tried and fancy they have proved its efficacy. The rain water must be collected in a clean open vessel, in the month of June, and must not be contaminated be being previously collected by any other means; it will then remain pure for any length of time, if preserved in a bottle.

T. D.

Gainsbro'.

Cure for Hooping Cough.

—This complaint is very prevalent in my neighbourhood just now. I overheard a conversation the other day between some farmers: one was recommending the patient to inhale the breath of a horse as a certain cure; another gravely informed his audience that the sight of a piebald horse would afford immediate relief!

G. A. C.

SAINTED KINGS INCORRUPTIBLE.

In the Appendix to Evelyn's interesting Diary (last edition, 1850), your readers may recollect there is a note upon the "unexpected finding the crucifix and gold chain of that pious prince, St. Edward the Confessor." The note contains an extract from the narrative of the circumstances attending the finding of those relics by "Charles Taylour, Gent." (or, Henry Keepe—the writer's correct name). It appears from that account, that when, in 1163, Thomas à Becket obtained a canonisation of the king, and the coffin was opened, the body was found uncorrupted; and that, 136 years after William I. had commanded the coffin to be enshrined, when the abbot resolved to inspect the body, then likewise "said to be incorruptible," he found it so, "being perfect, the limbs flexible," &c.

A curious parallel to this presented itself recently to one in the course of a reference to the 2nd volume of Mr. W. B. MacCabe's curious and laborious Catholic History of England. [En passant, allow me to express the hope, in which I well know many sympathise, that the long-promised third volume, bringing the history down to the accession of William the Conqueror, will ere long appear. The work gives in a well-arranged form so much that is curious in our early national records, that it would be a matter of regret that it should not be completed. It is a great pity indeed that the author's original plan, to carry the history down to the Reformation, should have been abandoned.] After describing the burial of Edgar (also a "Confessor," as well as St. Edward), it is stated that "in the year 1052, upon his tomb being opened by the Abbot Eilward, his body was found perfectly free from the slightest stain of corruption;" and that upon the body being "profanely hacked," in order to make it fit the receptacle prepared for it, "torrents of blood burst from the king's corpse." (W. Malmsb. Ges. Reg. Ang.) This, be it remembered, was eighty-seven years after burial. The body was afterwards deposited in a shrine. Are there other examples mentioned by the chroniclers of the incorruptibility of saintly kings? Both Edward and Edgar were, it should be recollected, good friends to the monks. William of Malmsbury, in the course of his eulogium upon Edgar, mentions the important fact that the monarch not only gave—

"Templa Deo,"

but also—

"Templis Monachos, Monachis dedit agros."

Were not these strong reasons why the king should remain uncorrupted, at all events in the memory, and also the records, of the brotherhood?

J. J. S.

Minor Notes.

Rev. A. Butler.

—The Rev. R. Gibbings, M.A., did some years since give to the public an exact reprint of the first Roman Index Expurgatorius, in the lengthened Introduction to which he has treated of the whole literature pertaining to the question.

The same rev. gentleman is author of the following elegant inscription on the monument of the Rev. Archer Butler, recently professor of moral philosophy in Trinity College, Dublin. Your miscellany seems an appropriate place wherein to enshrine matters of this order.

"D. O. M.

"GUILIELMUS ARCHER BUTLER, A.M.

Rathmothachiæ Rector in Diœcesi Rapotensi,

Apud Dublinienses in Ethicis Professor,

Theologus, Poeta, Philosophus,

Optimis ingenii dotibus, summâque eloquentiâ præditus,

Multa pro Ecclesiâ Christi feliciter conscripsit,

Plura moliebatur.

Viris ille bonis doctisque juxta carus,

Integer vitæ, maturus animi,

Religione devinctus, concionibus potens

Æqualium decus, simul et exemplar,

Malignâ febre correptus,

Eheu, quàm intempestivè!

E terris migravit A.D. MDCCCXLVIII. ætatis suæ XXXVII.,

Triste desiderium superstitibus relinquens,

Amici piè memores hoc illi monumentum poni voluere."

O. T. D.

Birthplace of Bishop Hoadley.

—On the west side of the London Road, Westerham, Kent, are some neatly built brick cottages: before one of them stands a yew tree, which, I was informed by an intelligent inhabitant of the town, was planted by the Rev.—Hoadley, on the birth of his son Benjamin. Although the tree still marks the spot, the house itself does not now stand; it was razed to the ground some years since to make room for the present buildings. Benjamin's brother, who was afterwards Archbishop of Dublin, was also born in this house. I may add that this is not generally known in the town, but I think the above "Note" is accurate.

H. G. D.

Humboldt's "Cosmos," and Nares' "Attempt."

—Observing that the learned and accomplished Humboldt has concluded his Cosmos in German, although the English translation of the last portion has not yet appeared,—an extremely valuable and interesting scientific contribution towards a general view of human knowledge regarding the universe,—will you permit me to observe, that as it perhaps did not enter into his plan to consider the religious considerations that arise from a Christian's view of the universe in its relation to our small portion of its apparently illimitable extent, any reader of Humboldt's work who wishes to see how a scholar and a divine of a former generation has treated the subject, will, if I mistake not, peruse the following work with singular pleasure, making all due allowance for the imperfect state of scientific knowledge at the time when the author wrote:—

"Εις Θεος Εις Μεσιτης; or, an Attempt to show how far the Philosophical Notion of a Plurality of Worlds is consistent, or not so, with the language of the Holy Scriptures. By the Rev. Edward Nares, A.M., Rector of Biddenden, Kent, and late Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. 8vo. London, 1801."

The author, I may add, was a friend of the eminent geologist, De Luc.

J. M.

Gough, the Irish Portion of his Camden: Ledwich.

—The following cutting from a Dublin bookseller's Catalogue (Connolly, 6. Chancery Place, Feb. 1852) may perhaps find a corner in "N. & Q." Dr. Ledwich was the Will-o'-the-Wisp that led Gough astray in the matter of Irish antiquities. Few, indeed, of the "additions" made to honest Camden's original are of value, many of them are worse than valueless:—

"ANTIQUITIES OF IRELAND, from Gough's edition of Camden's Britannia, profusely illustrated with plates and maps from various works, including Ortelliu's (Ortelius') rare map of Ireland, all of which were inserted by the Rev. Mr. Ledwich, the Irish Antiquarian, royal folio, half russia, neat, 3l. 10s.

"This unique copy was presented by Mr. Gough to the Rev. Mr. Ledwich, and bears Gough's autograph: 'For the Rev. Mr. Ledwich. From the author. 1789.'

"Mr. Ledwich presented the book to Wm. Monck Mason, Esq., having written the following memorandum:—

"'I assisted Mr. Gough in this edition, and he spontaneously promised a copy of the work in 3 vols. folio, but put me off with this paltry volume. So he served my valuable friend, Mr. Beauford of Athy.

"'Viveret in terris te si quis avarior uno?'

"'Horace.

"'E. L., F.A.S., 1790.'

"A copy of the original note [to Mason] inserted in the book—

"'York Street, 3rd Feb. 1817.

"'Dear Sir—Having parted with all my books, for not one of my family could or would read them, I have retained what I send you. It is a small return for the presents you made me.

"'Small as it is, have the goodness to accept of it as a testimony of my obligations and friendship.

"'Believe me yours sincerely,

"'E. LEDWICH.'

"The work is Gough's Britannia, the Irish Part."

JAMES GRAVES.

Kilkenny.

Chronogram over the door of Sherborne school, marking the date 1670:

"Tecta, Draco custos, Leo vinDeX fLos Decus, auctor, ReX pius, hæc servat, protegit, ornat, aLit."

The letters DLDXLDXL are capitals, and rubricated.

S. S.

Junius and the Quarterly Review again.

—The article on the Letters of Junius, in the last number of the Quarterly Review, is very pleasantly written. But I suppose it will not be considered to have rendered probable the notion that Thomas Lord Lyttelton was the writer of those letters. The reviewer observes that "Lord Lyttelton," meaning George, the first Lord Lyttelton, is only once mentioned by Junius. Undoubtedly Junius mentions "Lord Littleton's integrity and judgment" (Woodfall, ii. 305.) Can it be imagined that Thomas Lord Lyttelton could have so mis-spelled his father's name?

CAROLUS CURSITOR.

Queries.

SEVEN QUERIES.

1. On the 24th February, 1831, was published, at Speenhamland, the first number of the History and Antiquities of Newbury and its Environs. Was this work ever completed? If not, how many numbers were issued.

["The History and Antiquities of Newbury and its Environs, including twenty-eight Parishes situate in the County of Berks, also a Catalogue of Plants found in the Neighbourhood," was completed in 1839, and makes a volume of 340 pages.]

2. Can any information be given as to Hannah Woolley beyond what she gives in the curious autobiographical sketch prefixed to her Gentlewoman's Companion, or a Guide to the Female Sex; 3rd edition. London, 1682, 12mo. Her maiden name she omits to mention; and all she discloses as to her family and fortunes is, that her parents died when she was very young, and that she had suffered "all manner of affliction," "by loss of husband, children, friend, estate."

3. Amongst Mr. C. K. Sharpe's MSS. was sold The Force of Love, or the Ephesian Matron; a Dramatick Poem, in Three Parts. From a playbill, which was pasted on the fly-leaf, it seems that this drama was produced for the benefit of Mr. and Mrs. Wallace, at the theatre in Sadler Street, Durham, April 7, 1777. The performance was "gratis;" but 2s. 6d., 2s., and 1s., for boxes, pit, and gallery, were charged for the "Concert of Music." The title was changed into the Matron of Ephesus, and the authorship was ascribed to Mr. Wallace. No notice either of play or author occurs in the Biographia Dramatica.

4. Does any MS. of the Conquest of China, a tragedy, by Sir Robert Howard, exist? I have in my library a scene written by the Earl of Rochester for the author, and which, so far as I can trace, from the very defective state of the libraries of the north, was never printed. It is a beautiful MS., and some of the lines possess considerable vigour. It is written in rhyme.

5. Who was the author of the History of Faction, alias Hypocrisy, alias Moderation, from its first Rise, down to its present Toleration in these Kingdoms? &c. London, 1705, 8vo.

6. Where can the fourth and concluding(?) number of Wright's History of Ludlow be obtained?

[Only three Parts have been published. The last was issued in 1847.]

7. Can you inform me who was the translator of—

"The Idea of Christian Love; being a Translation, at the Instance of Mr. Waller, of a Latin Sermon upon John xiii. 34, 35., preached by Mr. Edward Young, Prebend of Salisbury. With a large Paraphrase on Mr. Waller's Poem of Divine Love. To which are added, some Copies of Verses from that excellent Poetess Mrs. Wharton, with others to her. London, 1688, 8vo."

The versification is extremely good, but as I never saw the sermon, I can have no notion whether the translation be faithful, or the reverse. I suspect a Latin "preachment" would have few hearers, especially now-a-days: but it would be interesting to see a Latin sermon which Waller thought highly of, and which he proposed should be turned into verse.

I have not been able to procure any information as to the sermon, or its poetical translation, in any bibliographical work; but perhaps some of your numerous readers may know something either about Mr. Edward Young, the father I presume of the poet, or the translator.

Mrs. Wharton was the daughter of Sir H. Lee, of Ditchly, and the first wife of the future Marquis of Wharton. A manuscript tragedy by her, and in her own handwriting, is in my possession. It is the presentation copy to Miss Mary Howe, whose autograph is on the fly-leaf. It is beautifully bound in old morocco, and formerly belonged to Horace Walpole, whose book-plate is on it. Who was Miss Mary Howe? It was purchased at the dispersion of the curious MSS. of Mr. Charles K. Sharpe, who had a great fancy for the lady's poetry. She is erroneously styled Marchioness of Wharton in Park's edition of Walpole's Royal and Noble Authors.

J. MT.

[The Rev. Edward Young was father to the poet, and Rector of Upham in Hampshire, Prebendary of Salisbury, and lastly Dean of that church. He died in 1705. The translation and paraphrase in The Idea of Christian Love is attributed to William Atwood in the Bodleian Catalogue.]

PLAGUE STONES.

In a recent and valuable report addressed to the General Board of Health, on the sanitary state of the borough of Dorchester, by a gentleman to whom I, in common with all the readers of "N. & Q.," have often been indebted—I mean Robert Rawlinson, Esq.,—an allusion is made to the existence of "Plague Stones" in different parts of the country. Briefly recording the principal visitations of plague in Dorchester and its neighbourhood, he describes these "plague stones" as "stones placed on the boundary limits of old towns, having a circular or square dish-like sinking in them, which was filled with water, into which the town's people dropped the purchase-money in their dealings with the country people, as was supposed, to prevent infection. Such stones may be seen in many places throughout England." The object of this communication is, to suggest the propriety of a list of these curious relics being made, through the medium of your excellent paper. I am not aware of any such list at present existing. A plague stone is to be seen, I believe, at Penrith; and another near Manchester, which is, I am told, called the "Giant's Stone." The name of the latter seems, to my mind, to point to a more remote period, unless an existing monument of antiquity bearing that title was during the times of plague converted to the temporary use of receiving the suspected money in the hollowed dish, which is made at the top of these "plague stones." By the way, might not our forefathers have suffered less from the fearful visitations and devastating epidemics to which so many hundreds of thousands of them fell victims, if they had been as careful to wash themselves habitually in aqua pura as they were to wash the money which they received from suspected localities. The custom above alluded to admitted the powerfully cleansing qualities of water. It would have been good for them, especially in trying times of plague, if they had not been so accustomed to "let" the "well alone," as regards their own personal purification.

J. J. S.

The Cloisters, Temple.

Minor Queries.

The Cross on Counsels' Briefs.

—Can any of your correspondents inform me as to the origin and present use of the cross on counsels' briefs?

H. EDWARDS.

Sir James Hayes, of Bedgebury, Kent.

—It is mentioned in the Gentleman's Magazine, 1792, p. 21., that on the foundation stone of Old Bedgebury House in Kent, was found, many years ago, an inscription recording the building of that house in 1688 by Sir James Hayes, and Rachel Viscountess Falkland, his wife. Allusion is made in the inscription to his having attained great wealth from the depths of the ocean; and there was a tradition that he had made his fortune by diving. Can any of your readers supply information upon this subject? Was he one of the party who under Phipps (the ancestor of the house of Mulgrave) recovered 200,000l. out of a Spanish vessel, sunk of the coast of Hispaniola in 1687? and where can the full particulars of that adventure be met with?

J. E. T.

Authorship of the Song "Oh Nanny," &c.

—A question as to the nationality, if not the authorship, of this celebrated song was discussed (if I remember aright) not long ago in letters printed in one of the literary periodicals, probably the Gentleman's Magazine, but I have not a reference at hand. It may be, that the facts I am about to mention were adverted to in that discussion, and that the words are admitted to be of English origin, and to have been written by Dr. Percy, yet I am induced to send you this communication. In the drawing-room at Ecton House, the mansion of Sam. Isted, Esq., at Ecton, a village about five miles from Northampton, there was, in 1814, a portrait of the wife of Thomas Percy, Bishop of Dromore (father of Mrs. Isted), holding in her hand a scroll, on which is the celebrated song "Oh Nanny!" she being the original, and the lines having been addressed to her before marriage by the bishop. (Account of a Tour, &c., published in the Scarborough Repository, by Cole, 1824.)

Perhaps some correspondent of yours in that vicinity would kindly say whether the picture remains at Ecton; or, if not, what has become of it?

W. S. G.

Newcastle-on-Tyne.

Hexameter Poem on English Counties.

—Will any of your correspondents be kind enough to furnish me with a copy of a poem in hexameter verse, and in an abbreviated form, enumerating the shires or counties in England? In my early days it was very common in public schools, and I am enabled to give a portion of one verse, viz.—-—-"Dev. Dors. Gl. Oxfo. Buck. Hart. Ess."

M.

Dublin.

Wild Oats, Origin of the Phrase.

—Can any of your correspondents favour me with the origin and definition of the phrase "To sow your wild oats?" It has never been very clear to me why "oats" should be the grain selected as emblematical of the dissipations and excesses of youth. They constitute the food of the inhabitants of the poorest regions only, and where the absence of all aid from climate and sunshine, renders almost unceasing toil necessary, in order to obtain a meagre subsistence.

The "oat" appears to me so little the companion of luxury and pleasure, that I am wholly at a loss to account for the origin of this phrase, which is in the mouth of every one.

BEAU NASH.

Bath.

The Dr. Richard Mortons.

—I shall feel greatly indebted to any reader of "N. & Q." who can give me some account of Dr. Richard Morton, a celebrated physician of Greenwich, temp. William and Mary, and of his son Dr. Richard Morton, who died in 1730. Were they descended from the Mortons of Severn Stoke, co. Worcester? and what was the precise degree of their relationship with the Mortons of Slaugham, co. Sussex?

MARK ANTONY LOWER.

General Lambert (Vol. iv., p. 339.).

—A correspondent shows the probability or certainty that the hitherto received opinion as to the long confinement and death in Guernsey of this old parliamentary general is not correct. But Mr. Hallam and others who report this, report also that he was tried with Sir Harry Vane; and that his "submissive behaviour" was such a contrast to that of his noble fellow-prisoner that it perhaps influenced his sentence. Where is the proof of his behaviour to be found? Vane's trial has been published separately. It is also in the State Trials, with the trials of the regicides; but neither there nor elsewhere can I find the trial of Lambert.

G. L.

Cross-legged Effigies and Collars of SS.

—As some of your correspondents are sending to "N. & Q." accounts of sepulchral effigies bearing SS. collars, I should be obliged to them if they would mention when such effigies are cross-legged. Does any effigy in this attitude exist bearing a date as late as 1350?

W. H. K.

The Crooked Billet.

—Can any of your readers inform me whether there be any legend connected with the "Crooked Billet," which is frequently used in this neighbourhood as a sign to a village inn? The sign itself is formed of a crooked piece of wood, or two or three pieces joined, and suspended over the door of the public-house.

T. D.

Gainsbro'.

Collins the Poet, and his Ode on the Music of the Grecian Theatre.

—In Seward's Anecdotes of distinguished Persons there is a letter from Collins to Dr. Hayes, professor of music, Oxford, in which, after alluding to his "Ode on the Passions," he mentions another Ode, which appears to have been actually written.

"The subject," he states, "is the Music of the Grecian Theatre, in which," he goes on to say, "I have, I hope naturally, introduced the various characters with which the chorus was concerned, as Œdipus, Medea, Electra, Orestes, &c. &c. The composition too is probably more correct, as I have chosen the ancient tragedies for my models, and only copied the most affecting passages in them."

The letter is dated "Chichester, November 8, 1750." Collins died in 1756. The Ode is lost; but assuredly every effort should be made to bring it to light.

SMINTHEUS.

Bishop Kidder's Autobiography.

—In the Lives of the Bishops of Bath and Wells, by the Rev. Stephen Hyde Cassan (Rivingtons, 1829), the greater portion of the notice there given of that learned writer and excellent divine, Richard Kidder, bishop of that see from 1691 to 1703, is derived from an autobiographical memoir, of which Mr. Cassan says, "the MS., one of undoubted authority, exists in original at Wells." The reasonable inference from this statement would be, that the MS. is in the Cathedral Library there; but from what I have recently been able to ascertain, through the kindness of a gentleman at Wells, it would appear that Kidder's autobiography is not in the Cathedral Library, nor in the hands of any individual in that place or its neighbourhood: the probability therefore is, that it is in some private collection; and as I believe it contains many particulars connected with the bishop's personal history, which Mr. Cassan has passed over, I shall be glad if any of your readers can inform me where it is to be met with. The bishop's birthplace has been left in some doubt; it has been stated that he was born at Lewes, at Brighthelmstone, and in Suffolk; in the memoir referred to, the question is set at rest, for he says that he was born at East Grinstead, Sussex, in 1633. While upon this subject I would beg information as to the name and family of the bishop's wife, who was killed with him in the great storm of Nov. 1703. I learn from the baptismal registers of their children that her christian name was Elizabeth.

JAS. CROSBY.

Strantham.

Shrine of Edward the Confessor.

—Is there any print or drawing, or any written description, which would show the condition of the shrine of King Edward the Confessor previously to the great Rebellion, or in any way throw light upon the various changes, mutilations, and restorations it has undergone, beyond such as is to be derived from the ordinary histories of the abbey?

GEO. S. SCOTT.

"Wise above that which is written."

—Can any of your correspondents inform me where the words originally occur, "Wise above that which is written?" I was for a long time under the impression that they were taken from one of St. Paul's Epistles, or at least were to be found somewhere in the Bible; but, after having searched Cruden diligently, though ineffectually, I am pretty sure they are not to be found in Holy Writ.

I am convinced that most persons share in the opinion I formerly held, and I have often seen them quoted in sermons just as if they were a passage of Scripture, though, of course, without giving any reference.

R. C. C.

Oxon.

"Hoffman," a Tragedy by Chettle.

—Can any correspondent of the "N. & Q." throw any light upon the source of the plot of Hoffman, a Tragedy, by Henry Chettle, 4to. 1631? The scene is laid at Dantzig in Prussia; the hero revenges his father's death, which was caused by the Duke of Lüneburg and other princes, by means of a red-hot iron crown placed on his head. He kills the son of the Duke of Lüneburg in the same manner, and assumes his character; is adopted by the Duke of Prussia, and avenges himself by the murder of the duke, and others of his father's judges; is finally discovered, and put to death by means of the iron crown.

I have in vain searched the German chronicle of the period: from the geographical localities being well preserved, as well as the German names (a peculiarity in the old drama), the presumption is, that it has been taken from an historical source. Mention is made in Menzel's History of Germany, of a Count Jordan who suffered death by means of an iron crown; and in Goldsmith's Traveller, the line of—

"Luke's iron crown and Damon's bed of steel,"

is illustrated by a note in Bohn's edition of that author, of two brothers, George and Luke Leck, who had created a rebellion in Hungary, and of one of them suffering death in this manner; but neither of these two cases apply at all to the subject.

H. B. L.

Inverted Commas.

—When were inverted commas first introduced to indicate quotations in writing?

S. W. RIX.

Quotations Wanted.

—If the subjoined Queries could be inserted early, it would greatly oblige me. I want them for a work, of which the first proofs are now before me.

I should be glad if any of the readers of "N. & Q." could refer me to the precise places from whence the following quotations are made:—

1. "Qui vult plenè et sapidè Christi verba intelligere, oportet ut totam vitam suam Illi studeat conformare."

2. "Gaudium suum ob renascentes literas non sine metu exprimet, unus scrupulus habet animum meum, ne sub obtentu priscæ literaturæ caput erigere tentet paganismus.... Optarim frigidas istas argutias (humanæ eloquentiæ logicarumque subtilitatum) amputari prorsus, Christumque illum simplicem et purum restitui, penitusque humanis mentibus inseri."

Erasmus. Query—where?

3. "Cujus vita despicitur, restat ut ejus prædicatio contemnatur."

S. Gregory.

W. D—N.

Deacons, a Phrase used by Foxe.

—In the martyrology of John Foxe we read—

"King Edward died, the world being unworthy of him: the Duke of Northumberland came down to Cambridge with an army of men, having commission to proclaim Lady Jane queen.... The duke sent for Doctor Sandys, being vice-chancellor, for Doctor Parker, for Doctor Bill, and Master Leaver to sup with him. Amongst other speeches he said, Masters, pray for us, that we speed well; if not, you shall be made bishops, and we deacons. And even so it came to pass: Doctor Parker and Doctor Sandys were made bishops; and he and Sir John Gates, who were then at the table, were made deacons, ere it was long after, on the Tower-hill."

I should be glad to know the allusion here, and how men who were executed could be said to be thereby made deacons.

W. D—N.

The Count de Vordac.

—When did the Count de Vordac, a general in the army of the Emperor of Germany, die? His memoirs are scarce; the copy which I have is reprinted at Paris in 1709. He was an Italian, bred for the church, which he relinquished for the profession of arms. He was born about 1660; his memoirs break off abruptly in 1695 when in midlife, and he was serving under our William III. He closes his memoirs with an account of his being at the siege of Namur, which he says cost his own party dear, and himself more particularly. It is very probable he fell at this siege if he continued his narrative while in the camp. His memoirs are curious and very entertaining. I find there that he was much esteemed at Vienna, and his conduct in rescuing the wife of one of the German nobility from a horrible imprisonment with the corpse of the man of whom her lord was jealous, is full of interest as well as horror, from the mode in which it was accomplished. He was personally acquainted with William III., who entrusted him with important commands. His narrative makes the reader anxious to know something of his subsequent history, if he were not a victim to the sword before the close of the war of which he spoke.

CYRUS REDDING.

Minor Queries Answered.

Hoare's Charity.

—Inside the cover of a copy of The Whole Duty of Man (8vo., London, 1727, John Baskett) now before me, is pasted a slip of paper, containing a coat of arms, "Sable, a double eagle expanded or (?) in a bordure argent," surrounded by mantling, and surmounted by helmet and crest; below this is the following:—

"The gift of HENRY HOARE, Esq., who died March 12, 1724-5, aged forty-seven, and by his last Will and Testament hath vested the sum̅e of two thousand pounds in trustees, who are to apply the yearly interest, rents, and profits arising out of the said sum̅e to the purchasing, dispensing, and giving away, yearly, Bibles, Common Prayer-Books, and such other books as are intirely agreeable to the principles and doctrine of the Church of England, as now by law established, and most conducive to the advancement of Christian faith and piety in the world."

I shall be glad to learn whether this charity is still bestowed, and where: any particulars relative to the original donor will be acceptable. Permit me to add the Query,—Is mine the first edition of The Whole Duty of Man? if not, when was it first published, and who was the author?

W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.

[Mr. Henry Hoare was a son of Sir Richard Hoare, Lord Mayor of London, and an intimate friend of that worthy man, Robert Nelson, author of the Companion for the Festivals and Fasts of the Church of England; a work which Dr. Johnson recommends as being a most valuable help to devotion, and as having had the greatest sale of any book ever printed in England, except the Bible. Mr. Hoare's name occurs in several parts of Robert Nelson's will, viz. "I give and bequeath to Mr. Henry Hoare, of London, goldsmith, one of my executors, 200l., upon trust to distribute 100l., part thereof, in such manner as shall be directed by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge; and the other 100l. to be employed by him in promoting parochial libraries.... I give and bequeath to Mrs. Jane Hoare, wife of the said Mr. Henry Hoare, two pair of little silver candlesticks for her closet." It is also worthy a note in our pages that the first legacy received by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge was that of Robert Nelson's, which is thus entered on the minutes of the Society:—"3d Feb. 1714-15. Mr. Hoare reported, that Mr. Nelson, lately deceased, had ordered him by his will, as one of his executors, to pay 100l. to the Society for promoting their designs; and also 50l. towards supporting the charity-school at St. George's Chapel." The name of Mr. Henry Hoare occurs among the list of subscribers in the first volume of Jeremy Collier's Ecclesiastical History, fol. 1708; and some of his letters to John Strype, the historian, will be found among the Additional MSS. in the British Museum, No. 5853. No biographical notice of Mr. Henry Hoare appears to have been preserved. See Herbert's History of the Twelve Great Livery Companies, vol. ii. p. 285., for a notice of his gift to the Goldsmiths' Company.

The first edition of The Whole Duty of Man was published in 1657. Like the enigmatical Junius, its authorship still remains a problem; but we believe it is now generally supposed to be written either by Lady Packington or Archbishop Sterne. Our correspondent will find the question discussed in the Rev. W. B. Hawkins's Introduction to Pickering's edition of this work, published in 1842; as well as in the valuable communication of J. E. B. Mayor, Esq., of Marlborough College, in our second volume, p. 292.]

Dr. Sacheverell's "Sermon at Derby."

—Can any of your correspondents furnish me with information as to the various editions which were published of Dr. Henry Sacheverell's Sermon at Derby in 1709? I am anxious to ascertain how many editions were issued, with their dates and other particulars.

L. J.

[We think our correspondent will not be able to obtain the information he requires, owing to the great demand at the time for the two Sermons for which the Doctor was prosecuted. Mr. Lathbury states (History of the Nonjurors, p. 237) that "of the Sermon 'Perils among False Brethren,' no less than forty thousand copies were sold in a few weeks." We have also now before us two copies of the Derby Sermon, both printed in 1709, 8vo., but no intimation on the title-page of their being different editions, which they evidently are, on an examination of their typographical composition. The Bodleian contains a quarto edition of the latter Sermon, 1710.]

Lucas Lossius.

—I have an old 12mo. volume with the following title-page:

"Annotationes Scholasticæ in Evangelia Dominicalia et ea quæ in Festis IESV CHRISTI, et Sanctorum ejus præcipuis, leguntur in Ecclesia, per totius Anni circulum: non inutile futuræ puerilibus Scholis.

"His adjectæ sunt in singula Evangelia Disticha, Argumenta, Doctrinæ Summariæ, Loci et Objectiones præterea, cum brevibus ac veris earum solutionibus Dialecticis, exercendæ adolescentiæ causa.

"Collecta et dictata à Luca Lossio, in Schola Lunæburgensi.

"⁕ ☞ ⁕

"Adiecimus et iam recens erudita Evangeliorum Dominicalium et Festivalium Disticha, inundæ memoriæ causa, à Vuendelino Helbachio conscripta.

"⁕

"Franc. Apud Hæred. Christ. Egen.

"M.D.LXXVIII."

The words, and parts of words, in Italics are rubricated.

As I live at a distance from any large library, and have consulted in vain such biographical works as my own scanty shelves afford, I shall be greatly obliged to any of your correspondents who have access to our public libraries, to inform me who Lucas Lossius was, and where any account of him may be met with? Also, who Wendelinus Helbachius, Stigelius, and Bernardus Bomgardius were, whose "Disticha" are interspersed throughout the volume? In the "Epistola Nuncupatoria" mention is made of "Joannis Stigelij, Poetæ clarissimi, nostra ætate," and of "M. Bernardi Bomgardij, Ludimoderatoris Vlzeniani;" but I cannot find any account of these worthies.

I ought to add that each Sunday or Saint's Day is preceded by a curious woodcut representing the subject of which the Gospel treats.

R. BN.

[Lucas Lossius, of Lunenburg, was a Lutheran divine and schoolmaster, well skilled in music, who published at Nuremberg, in 1553, Erotemata Musicæ practicæ, and together with Melancthon, the Lutheran ritual, Psalmodia, seu Cantica sacra veteris ecclesiæ selecta. At the period of the Reformation, the Lutherans preserved more of the ancient hymns and music of the church in their services than the Calvinists. Some account of Lossius is given in Hawkins's History of Music, vol. iii. p. 102. There is an edition of Annotationes Scholasticæ, with the curious woodcuts printed in the year 1560, at Leipsic.]

The "Athenian Oracle."

—Can you inform me who were the authors of the "Athenian Oracle," or, in other words, the members of the "Learned Society" who conducted this work? You may feel some interest in it as a kind of prototype and progenitor of your own "N. & Q." Your work, as I apprehend, does not profess to solve and answer so many nice puzzling points in divinity, philosophy, love, &c., as that of the Oracle, which furnishes us with a curious picture of the wants, opinions, and manners of the age in which it appeared; but yours, though neither dipping so deeply nor ranging so widely, ought to be highly prized as the exponent of the demands of our times more improved, enlightened, and not less inquisitive, and as affording to some of your correspondents far from the great metropolis of letters, a ready channel for information, much to their instruction and pleasure. Pardoning this digression, the copy of the Athenian Oracle I possess is in 3 vols. 8vo., purporting to be an entire collection of all the valuable questions and answers in the old Athenian Mercuries, &c., by a member of the Athenian Society; London, printed for Andrew Bell at the Cross Keys and Bible in Cornhill, near Stocks Market, the second volume 1703, the first and third 1704. The copy bears an autograph on the fly-leaf; "Ex Libris Thomas Browne, Ex Dono plurim; Mri Guil Carstairs Acad. Edinburg. primarij professoris Cui omnia (two words obscure) Ed. Nov. 23, 1706." The historical celebrity of Carstairs is a small feather in the cap of the copy, but unimportant to some farther knowledge from you of the book and its authors, the former having often supplied much rational fireside entertainment.

N.

Glasgow.

[The Athenian Gazette, afterwards called The Athenian Mercury, swelled at last to twenty volumes folio; these becoming scarce, a collection of the most valuable questions and answers was reprinted under the title of The Athenian Oracle, in 4 vols. 8vo. The fourth volume contains a Supplement, to which is prefixed "The History of the Athenian Society," and an "Essay upon Learning." It was projected by the celebrated John Dunton, who says, "My first project was the Athenian Gazette. As the Athenian Society had their first meeting in my brain, so it has been kept ever since religiously secret: but I will now oblige the reader with a true discovery of the question-project, and of the several persons that engaged in it." These were his brother-in-law, the Rev. Samuel Wesley and Mr. Richard Sault, who were occasionally assisted by Dr. Norris. The work was also countenanced by several of the most eminent writers of the age; and was honoured in particular with a commendatory poem by Swift. Some curious notices respecting Dunton and his numerous literary projects will be found in the Life and Errors of John Dunton, 2 vols. 8vo., 1818; and in Nichols' Literary Anecdotes, vol. v. pp. 59-83.]

Replies.

FRENCH REVOLUTIONS FORETOLD.
(Vol. v., p. 100.)

A remarkable instance of foresight relative to the fate of some of the French sovereigns appears in an epistle of Erasmus to King Francis I.:

"Prætexunt fidei titulum, sed revera aliud agunt; moliuntur tyrannidem, etiam in capita Principum. Huc tendunt per cuniculos. Nisi Princeps ipsorum voluntati per omnia paruerit, dicetur fautor Hæreticorum; et destitui poterit per Ecclesiam; hoc est, per aliquos conjuratos Pseudomonachos et Pseudotheologos."

Richer, Doctor of the Sorbonne, after having alluded to this passage, uses the following very striking language:

"Cæterum regno Franciæ his artibus everso, (quod omen Deus avertat,) reliquis Monarchiis Christianis quæ supererunt eadem manet pestis; ut prophetia Apostoli, de iniquitatis mysterio, et politicarum Potestatum ruina atque interitu, complementum sortiatur; cujus pestis et ruinæ complementum in dies singulos Bullæ Cœnæ Domini et Directorii Inquisitorum arcanis promovetur. Tumque demum, in fine sæculorum, seditiones, conspirationes, et bella plusquam civilia fervebunt, propter Potestatum sæculi exarmatorum imbecillitatem atque impotentiam; quæ nec sibi ipsis, nec aliis, sufficienter consulere poterunt; quia omnes imperare, et nemo parere volet: quibus de bellis consule caput 24. Matthæi."

Apologia pro Joanne Gersonio, pp. 203-4. Lugd. Bat. 1676.

R. G.

GRIMESDYKE.
(Vol. iv. passim.)

NAUTICUS is informed that in Norfolk one of the hundreds, or subdivisions of the county, is called Grimshoo or Grimshow, after (as it is supposed) a Danish leader of the name of Grime or Gryme. He was undoubtedly either Præsitus Comitatus or Centuriæ Præpositus of that part of the country, and gave his name to the hundred as hundred-greeve, which name it still retains. In about the centre of this hundred is a very curious Danish encampment, in a semicircular form, consisting of about twelve acres.

In this space are a great number of large deep pits, joined in a regular manner, one near to another, in form of a quincunx, the largest in the centre, where the general's or commander's tent was placed. These pits are so deep and numerous as to be able to conceal a very great army. At the east end of this entrenchment is a large tumulus, pointing towards Thetford, from which it is about five or six miles distant; and which might possibly have served as a watch tower, or place of signal: and here the hundred court used to be called. This place also is known by the name of The Holes, or Grimes-graves. This part of the country, being open, was a great seat of war between the Saxons and Danes, as appears from many tumuli throughout this hundred, erected over the graves of leaders who fell in battle; or as tokens of victory, to show how far they had led their armies and conquered.—See Blomfield in loco.

J. F. F.

West Newton.

To the various instances already recorded in "N. & Q.," of ancient earthworks having received the name "Grimesdyke," the following may be added.

One on Cranbourne Chase, Dorset; three in Berkshire, viz., one near Silchester, one near Oare, where also are Grimsbury, and Grimsbury Forest; another, intersected by the Thames, near Wallingford; another near Witney, Oxfordshire.

The great fossa and vallum of Lollius Urbicus in Scotland, is called Graham's and Grime's Dyke. The frequency of its application to various earthworks in such distant parts of the kingdom may perhaps be considered sufficient evidence that the name is not derived from that of any landed proprietor, as suggested by one of your correspondents. I have no doubt the derivation suggested by your first correspondent, NAUTICUS, is the true one, viz., that it is of Saxon origin, signifying Wizard, or the Evil Spirit, which indicates, not only that these earthworks were in existence in Saxon times, but that their origin was even then so remote and mysterious that they were supposed to be the work of supernatural agency. Grimesdyke, described by NAUTICUS as beginning near Berkhamsted, Herts (not Hants, as misprinted in "N. & Q."), and running across the Chiltern hills, is mentioned, temp. Henry III., in a charter of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, granting Ashridge to the fraternity of the Bonhommes:

"Usque ad quoddam fossatum quod dicitur Grymesdich."

If this should meet the eyes of my friend NAUTICUS, wherever in the broad seas he may happen to be, he will be glad to hear that this extensive earthwork of antiquity is now undergoing the investigation of an Archæological Society, of which he is an esteemed member. I may further remark that the family name of Grimesdike is doubtless from some ancient place so named, and not these several places from the family. The armorial bearings of the family would at once suggest this conclusion. I have not found the name given to any ancient work in Wales, which of course would not be the case, if it be of Saxon origin.

W. H. K.

POET REFERRED TO BY BACON.
(Vol. iv., p. 257.)

The poet referred to by Bacon is not the author of the Mirror for Magistrates, but ARIOSTO, whose Orlando Furioso was then popular in the recent translation of Sir John Harrington. The allegory will be found at the close of the thirty-fourth and commencement of the thirty-fifth books:

"Further, the Duke did in that place behold,

That when the threads were spent that had been spun,

Their names in brass, in silver, or in gold,

Were wrote, and so into great heaps were done;

From which a man that seemed wondrous old,

With whole loads of these names away did run,

And turn'd again us fast, the way he went,

Nor e'er weary was, nor ever spent.

"A heap of names within his cloak he bore,

And in the river did them all unlade;

Or, to say truth, away he cast them all

Into the stream which Lethe we do call.

"He hurl'd therein full many a precious name,

Where millions soon into the bottom sank,

Hardly in every thousand one was found,

That was not in the gulf quite lost and drown'd.

"Yet all about great store of birds there flew

As vulture, carrion crows, and chatt'ring pyes,

And many more of sundry kind and hue,

Making lewd harmony with their loud cries;

These when the careless wretch the treasure threw

Into that stream, did all they could devise,

What with their talons some, and some with beak,

To save some names, but find themselves too weak.

"Only two swans sustain'd so great a poise,

In spite of him that sought them all to drown,

These two do still take up the names they list,

And bare them safe away, and never misst.

"They caught them ere they to the stream arriv'd,

Then went they, with the names they had recover'd,

Up to a hill, that stood the water nigh,

On which a stately church was builded high.

"This place is sacred to immortal Fame,

And evermore a nymph stood at the gate

And took the names ... ...

Then all about the church she hang'd the same

Before the sacred image, in such rate

As they might then well be assur'd for ever,

Spite of that wretch, in safety to persever.

"But as the swans that there still flying are,

With written names, unto that sacred port,

So here Historians learn'd, and Poets rare,

Preserve then in clear fame and good report."

S. W. SINGER.

JOHNSON'S HOUSE, BOLT COURT.
(Vol. v., p. 176.)

A correspondent discussing the question of the site, or of the continued existence, of the house in Bolt Court in which Johnson lived and died, mentions that one person now living called there during the last illness of our sublime moralist. I believe he refers to Mr. Rogers.

The fact is that there is also a lady, an inhabitant of Piccadilly, Viscountess Keith, who not only grew from childhood to the age of twenty in the constant association of the Doctor, but who is also mentioned by Madame D'Arblay as having been a visitor at Bolt Court in 1784. Whether the noble lady referred to, at the extraordinary age she has reached (she was the eldest Miss Thrale), could solve from memory your friend's doubts as to this classical locality, I know not.

M. A.

I am in a position to assure MR. EDWIN LECHLADE that Dr. Johnson's house was burnt down in 1819, the premises having been long previously occupied by the most eminent English printer of his own or any other time, Mr. Thomas Bensley, to whose energy the world is indebted for the perfection of the printing machine.

The house of Johnson's friend, Mr. Allen the printer, was not destroyed by the disastrous fire which reduced to ashes the Doctor's residence; indeed only one corner of it was injured; and, with that exception, it stands as it was built shortly after the Great Fire of London.

Mr. Allen's house stands at the head of Bolt Court; Dr. Johnson's stood to its left. On the site of the latter was erected, after the before-mentioned fire, a spacious printing-office, and both are now in the occupation of Mr. Tyler.

The Gentleman's Magazine (1819, part i., p. 575.), in giving an account of this fire, says in a note:

"It may be interesting to some of our readers to know that the house in Bolt Court, formerly the residence of Dr. Johnson, formed part of Mr. Bensley's office, and is now entirely destroyed. A view of it is preserved in the European Magazine for 1810."

The European Magazine (1810, vol. lvii. pp. 353-4.) contains, besides the view above-mentioned, an article to which your correspondent may be referred, in confirmation of the fact that the house occupied by Dr. Johnson was the one I have referred to, and was not exactly opposite the "Dr. Johnson tavern." The view, I am told by one who well recollects the old house, and is a great lover of Johnsoniana, is a correct representation of it.

Timperley's Dictionary of Printers and Printing, also, in relating the occurrence of the fire of Messrs. Bensley's premises, states that a part of it was formerly the residence of Dr. Johnson.

TEE BEE.

In answer to the Query of EDWIN LECHLADE, being in a position to give you unquestionable information, I will, to quote your correspondent's words, let the question be set at rest. Of the house in which Dr. Johnson lived and died, not one brick is left upon another. It was destroyed totally by fire in 1819; and the partywall between that and Mr. Allen's house alone remains, being the west wall of that large residence. When up Bolt Court, you turn to the left through an iron gate leading to a flight of stone steps to the printing-office now occupied by Mr. Tyler, and where those stone steps are, stood the doctor's residence. I know of no relic that was saved except the scraper, which was distorted into a curious shape by the action of the fire, and being firmly fixed in a heavy stone, it lay about the yard for years.

The late well-known printer Mr. Bensley succeeded Mr. Allen there in business in 1783, going at once to reside in his house next door to Dr. Johnson, whom, of course, as a close neighbour, he often saw, and whose funeral he witnessed. After the Doctor's death the Rev.—Stockdale, of the Church of England, occupied the house; next to him it was tenanted by a Rev.—Moir, (I believe) a Presbyterian; next, by one Copley, an old tailor, whom I have teased many times when a boy; for some of us youngsters having overheard him once in a soliloquy groaning, "Dear me—and the buttons all wrong!" on passing him it became a mot among us expressed sufficiently loud to reach his ears, when he would look unutterable things. He was a worthy but somewhat cross old man, in very respectable circumstances. His was the last family which ever occupied the premises as a dwelling-house; I knew him there for about twenty years. During his abode the freehold was put up for sale by auction, as well as of Allen's house; Mr. Bensley purchased both. This was somewhere about 1804-1807. But as Copley had a lease, he did not vacate till about 1814, when Mr. Bensley appropriated the two houses to his printing purposes (and there, it may not be unworthy of notice, was steam-printing first practised),—so occupied the said premises were, till destroyed by fire in 1819. Mr. Bensley's eldest surviving son succeeded him in 1820, but did not, in re-constructing the premises, build on the site of Dr. Johnson's house, though a part thereof has since been covered. The map—a very fragile, worm-eaten affair—shows the exact dimensions of the house, the place where the walls stood, &c. The property remains in Mr. Bensley's family. I have often heard Mr. Bensley describe the Doctor and his funeral.

The print in the European Magazine is an accurate representation of the appearance of this ancient and gloomy house in the dark corner; but it had many comforts, and "a large garden," in which I have been; it is now all built upon, and has been covered for nearly half a century. Some yet living may have visited Dr. Johnson there: I have often conversed with others who are dead that did—the late Mr. Bowyer Nichols, Mr. Cradock (of Leicestershire), Mr. A. Strahan, and others mentioned in the Doctor's works, when gratifying their curiosity by showing them over the house; and it has fallen to my lot to do so to many literary characters. Indeed as to the place where Dr. Johnson lived and died, there is no more room for doubt than as to where old London bridge stood. I have many times been with the late Mr. James Boswell (son of Dr. Johnson's biographer) in the rather dismal parlour—which spot, it is not to be wondered at, had a peculiar attraction for him.

There is no kind of foundation for assigning Dr. Johnson's residence to that where Cobbett lived or wrote—it was a mere joke. As to the "Johnson's Head" tavern, it was an upholsterer's manufactory at the time of Dr. Johnson's death. I myself knew an old man of the name of Hale residing in it, and carrying on that occupation so early as 1800, who had doubtless been there before Dr. Johnson's death; his son followed him, and continued till about 1826-1830 in those premises. By the same token (as Paddy says), while now addressing "N. & Q." (though nearly 300 miles from the spot) I am writing at a table Hale sen. made for me in that house in 1818.

The greater part of Mr. Bensley's extensive premises was twice burned down; but on neither occasion was Allen's house destroyed. It yet stands, though so altered and improved as not to resemble the original edifice. Mr. Tyler's counting-house, by the iron gate at the S. W. corner, however, is left just as used by Allen (except a passage cut off at the end), the panelling, &c., just the same, being the only part remaining unaltered: there was then, of course, no door out to the stone steps, as there stood Dr. Johnson's parlour. In this counting-house, no doubt, Dr. Johnson often was; and in the adjoining parlour he often fed. It was a very old-fashioned room, as I well remember it upwards of half a century ago. His better parlour, or drawing-room, was large and handsomely furnished for the period, with three windows, and two ancient pier-glasses fixed to tables, gilt and adorned according to the taste of the times. Mr. Bensley bought these and a few other household matters, which remained in statu quo till 1805-1808.

I have seen some prints of the inside of Dr. Johnson's house, which do not give a very accurate idea of the appearance of the rooms, &c.; but, I repeat it, the view of the front in the European Magazine is excellent.

The celebrity of Dr. Johnson may induce you to insert this, which, without that influence, I am aware would be too tedious.

B. B.

COOPER'S MINIATURE OF CROMWELL.
(Vol. iv., p. 368.; Vol. v., p. 189. &c.)

It is only within a few months that the existence of the "N. & Q." became known to me. It seemed likely to be such an useful and amusing publication, from the description I received of it from a literary friend (now appointed vice-consul to the Isle of Mytilene), that I lost no time in becoming a subscriber; and I am rejoiced to add, that my expectations have not been disappointed, though I have not had time to read the Notes or attend to the Queries as fully as I could have wished till very lately.

However, I have now observed amongst the Replies, Vol. v., p. 189., a Note relating to the miniature of Cromwell by Cooper, with several references to other Notes and Queries upon the same subject, originating with a Query from LORD BRAYBROOKE in Vol. iv., p. 368. If the following appears to you worthy of insertion, pray use it.

I have a beautiful miniature of Oliver Cromwell, painted with very great care, and which has every appearance of being an original by Cooper. I remember it all my life in my father's (Lord Holland's) room at Holland House; and on his death in 1840, it was left by him to his friend and mine, John Allen, late master of Dulwich College, who died in 1843, and left it with his books to me.

Cromwell is painted in armour, with a remarkably clean, plain, turned-down shirt collar; his usual countenance, somewhat stern, but full of the expression of good sense and intelligence; reddish hair, and a small portion of it under the lower lip. On the back is written in my father's handwriting:

"This miniature was given to me when at school by Lady Diana Beauclerk, who assured me that it was an original by Cooper, and that it had been long in the possession of the Beauclerk family, who had it from Charles II. (Signed) VASSALL HOLLAND."

Lady D. Beauclerk, herself distinguished as an artist, was the daughter of the Duke of St. Albans, a lineal descendant of Charles II.

There is an engraving from a miniature of Cromwell in Carlyle's life of him, said to be in the possession of Archdeacon Berners, which I believe to be also by Cooper. It is larger than mine, and even better painted. I have seen it, but cannot recollect where or when.

C. Fox, Major-General.

P.S.—I have left my miniature with my friend Mr. Domenic Colnaghi at Pall Mall East, for the inspection of any of your correspondents. It will be there till the 31st March.

Addison Road.

THE QUEEN OF THE ISLE OF MAN.
(Vol. v., p. 132.)

In an interesting communication from MR. WM. SIDNEY GIBSON in a late Number of your publication there occurs the following statement, to which I beg to add a few remarks. He says:

"After the death of Magnus, the island was seized by Alexander III. of Scotland. A daughter and heiress of Reginald sued for it against John Baliol, before Edward I. of England, as lord paramount of Man.

"Rot. Parl., 31 Edw. I."

And farther on he states:

"From sundry records it appears that Edward II. and Edward III. committed its custody to various persons, and the latter at length conferred his right to it upon William Montacute, Earl of Salisbury, in consideration, probably, of that valiant earl having by his arms regained the island from the Scots, who had resumed possession, and of the circumstance that his grandmother, the wife of Simon de Montacute, was sister and heiress of one of the former kings of Man, and related to the lady who had claimed it as her inheritance on the death of Magnus."

Now, I think MR. GIBSON, on reflection, will agree with me in concluding that the wife of Simon de Montacute, and the lady who claimed the island on the death of Magnus, were one and the same person. There is no document, I believe, of the kind he refers to, of the "31st" of Edw. I.; but in the "21st" of Edw. I., which date is probably intended, there is amongst the Scotch Rolls (anno 21 Edw. I. m. 4.) a citation from Edward I., as supreme lord of Scotland, directed to John Baliol, King of Scots, to answer the complaint of Aufrica, cousin and heiress of Magnus, late King of Man, &c. This is in the year 1292-3; and a few years later we again meet with Aufrica, for amongst the ancient charters in the British Museum is one marked "V. 73." It is a deed by which "Aufrica, heiress of the land of Man," gives up her right therein "to her noble and potent husband, Simon de Montagu." This deed is dated at Bridgewater, on Thursday the Vigil of the Annunciation, 1305; i.e. March 24, 1306.

In this charter (V. 73.) she calls herself Aufrica de Connought: and this is rather curious, for in a volume of pedigrees in the British Museum, in the handwriting of Robert Glover, Somerset Herald (Bib. Harl. 807.), she is said to be the daughter of Fergus, Lord of Galloway (Galway?), and Queen of Man. Galway it is in another MS. in the same collection (MSS. Harl. 1074. folio 22.), where she is styled "Aufrica, Reyne de Man," and daughter of Fergus, Lord of Galway. In both these MSS. she is said to be the wife of Simon de Montagu, who is styled "Roy de Man par sa femme."

F. C. M.

Replies to Minor Queries.

Old Scots March (Vol. v., p. 104.).

—The following quotation from a "Dissertation on Scottish Music," by Mr. Tytler, of Woodhouselee (the grandfather of the historian), contained in the Transactions of the Society of Scottish Antiquaries, vol. i. p. 486., although not an answer to his Query, may perhaps prove interesting to J.M.:—

"To the wandering harpers we are certainly indebted for that species of music which is now scarcely known, I mean the Port. Almost every great family had a Port that went by the name of the family. Of the few that are still preserved are, Port Lennox, Port Gordon, Port Seton, and Port Athole, which are all of them excellent in their kind. The Port is not of the martial strain of the march, as some have conjectured; those above named being all in the plaintive strain, and modulated for the harp.

"The pibroch, the march or battle-tune of the Highland clans, with the different strains introduced of the coronich, &c., is fitted for the bagpipe only: its measure, in the pas grave of the Highland piper, equipped with his flag and military ensigns, when marching up to battle, is stately and animating, rising often to a degree of fury."

Although anxious to do so, I have never yet been able to meet with any of the ports here referred to.

E. N.

Elizabeth, Equestrian Figure of (Vol. iv., p. 231.).

—The "unnatural gait" which MR. LAWRENCE inquires about, is known in Spain as the "paso Castiliano;" and supplies the place of the more familiar trot, which the Spanish horses are rarely broken into.

I did not see the piece of plate alluded to, but probably the horse was a Spanish (Andalusian) jennet, which would account for the peculiarity of the pace. I cannot explain how this step is taught, but Spanish horses fall into it at once on being touched with the spur, and simultaneously curbed; and they perform long journeys thus, at the rate of five miles an hour, with little fatigue to themselves or their riders. Does not the dromedary also pace in the same way?

G. W. T.

Meaning of Stickle (Vol. iv., p. 209.).

—MR. RELTON'S supposition that the word stickle is used for a pool, is at variance with the common usage of the word in Devonshire, where only I have met with it. It is there used to describe the shallow swift running water immediately below a pool. It is thus equivalent to the word rapids. It is by no means obsolete, or a mere technical term of the "patient anglers." The opposition in the line quoted, "Near to some stickle or deep bay," would alone have been a good reason to doubt whether it could be the same as pool.

G. W. T.

Latin Names of Towns (Vol. i., pp. 287. 402. 474.).

—There is a class of persons who ought to be contributors to (⁕ ?) (I like the idea of a recent correspondent better than "N. & Q." with its marks of quotation) to a much larger extent than is the case. I mean those who having asked questions, and profited by the answer, find additional answer, or better answer, by their subsequent researches. As one of these, in reference to my Query about Latin names of towns in Vol. i., I mention the list given in Riccioli's Geographia et Hydrographiæ Reformatæ, of which the first edition was licensed in 1658 (I don't know where it was printed), and the record is of Venice, folio, 1672. This work contains, from more than 250 authors whose names are given, more than 8500 Latin names rendered into vernacular, and a much larger number reversely given.

M.

Llandudno, on the Great Orme's Head (Vol. v., p. 175.).

—L. G. T. will find, in Wanderings in North Wales, by William Cathrall, published by W.S. Orr and Co., the following answer to his Query:—

"There are several copper mines conducted here with great success. In October, 1849, the miners in the course of their labours, broke into an immense cavern, the roof of which, being one mass of stalactite, reflected back their lights with dazzling splendour. On examination the work turned out to be an ancient work, probably Roman, the benches, stone hammers, &c. used by that ancient people, having been found entire, together with many bones of mutton. The bones were to all appearance as fresh, though impregnated with copper, as they were when denuded of their fleshy covering, after remaining, as they must have done, nearly 2000 years in the bowels of the earth. The cavern is about forty yards long."

The date of the cavern is, therefore, long anterior to the Catholic times.

WM. DURRANT COOPER.

Brozier (Vol. ii., p. 44.).

—An Essex clergyman, who agrees with MR. GATTY in deriving the word from the Greek verb Βρωσκω, to devour, or eat like a beast, observes, that we still describe that act when we speak of "the browsing cattle." He also mentions that when he was at Westminster, the word was there used in the same sense as at Eton, and he well recollects one of his schoolfellows broziered to such an extent that his life was despaired of.

BRAYBROOKE.

Passage in Troilus and Cressida (Vol. v., p. 178.).

—In reply to your correspondent W. S. D. I have only to say, that my folio of 1632, with early manuscript emendations, does not contain any alteration of the line in Troilus and Cressida, Act I. Sc. 3.:

"Peaceful commerce from dividable shores;"

which seems to me quite intelligible without any change. In the next line it reads "primogeniture" for "primogenitive", and as I apprehend rightly, the concluding syllable tive having been caught by the compositor from "prerogative," the first word in the line immediately below it.

I may take this opportunity of saying that no play in my volume is more patiently corrected than Troilus and Cressida; and that in a preceding speech by Nestor it confirms a correction by Theobald in the first line—godlike for "godly;" and by Sir Thomas Hanmer in the last line—replies for "retires." Malone printed returns after Pope, which answers the sense very well, but is hardly so probable a misprint. I am sorry to say that I thought otherwise when I published my Shakspeare; and I never can sufficiently regret that this corrected copy of the second folio did not fall into my hands until some years after I had completed that undertaking.

J. PAYNE COLLIER.

Nelson Family (Vol. v., p. 176.).

—If FRANCISCUS will refer to the pedigree of the Nelson family, in Hoare's History of Modern Wiltshire (Downton Hundred), he will find that William Nelson, who settled at Dunham parva in Norfolk, and who was the great-grandfather of the naval hero, was the son of Edmund Nelson of Scarning, in the same county, and grandson of Thomas of the same place, which Thomas, according to the same pedigree, was the son of another William, who is stated to have been a Nelson of Mandesley, the same family from which the Chuddleworth Nelsons are derived in Burke's account. I have tested the general accuracy of this pedigree, which was, I believe, compiled by Mr. Matcham from the parochial registers, but I much doubt the assumed descent from the Mandesley family, as I find Nelsons inhabiting the neighbourhood of Scarning at a period prior to the supposed migration.

G. A. C.

Maps of Africa (Vol. v., p. 174.).

—I have been intending for some time to write to you on the same subject as Paterfamiliæ, but the Christian grace of laziness has been too strong for me. Paterfamiliæ, however, has aroused me. My case is this: five years ago I commenced a map, for my own use, of the shores of the Mediterranean, and such countries as received Christianity up to the period of the Council of Nice; and I had a hope of eventually being able to carry out the plan suggested by DR. MAITLAND, in his work on the Dark Ages, and an intention of making mysterious marks to indicate the scene of any great persecution, remarkable synod, or other notable event. Well! I got on very well, by the help of Kiepert and Cramer, through Greece, Asia Minor, and Italy. Indeed, I managed to be content with all my sources, as far as Europe was concerned; but when I had advanced as far as North Africa, I came to a dead stop. There really was absolutely no map that I could find that I could trust for the site of Carthage or Alexandria. There were no "N. & Q." when I found myself at a stand-still; but I asked all the friends about me, and I verily believe that to the majority of those I spoke to it appeared an unreasonable thing for any man to expect a map of the regions I wanted described. There seemed a kind of feeling that when a man had got a map of Caffraria and Egypt, and perhaps knew where Algiers might be, he knew quite as much about Africa as he ought. Can any of your correspondents now help me? Is there no authentic French map of at least some portion of the coast; or is there any map in existence among ourselves that is not palpably a "fancy portrait?"

AJAX.

Muggleton (Vol. v., p. 80.).

—The Muggletonian sect probably still exists. I was surprised at finding a shop for the sale of its publications immediately within St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, about five years ago. Perhaps R.S. may think it worth while to look whether the same trade be still carried on there.

J. C. R.

Passage in Hamlet (Vol. v., p. 169.).

—I have just read A. E. B.'s Notes on Shakspeare, No. II. His long criticism, ending in his own suggestion of a new reading of the passage in Hamlet, does not convince me that he has found the true reading yet. I suggest the following:

"The dram of base

Doth all the noble substance often dull,

To his own scandal."

This reading of mine only makes it necessary to substitute the letters n and ll, for a and o, in the quarto of 1605.

Dull is a favourite word of Shakspeare's; and surely it makes at least as good sense as any of the other readings. It is questionable whether the lines are Shakspeare's; for the whole passage, from "This heavy-headed revel," to "To his own scandal," is omitted in the first and second folios, and also in the first known quarto of "1603."

To prove how easy it is for printers, or copiers from original manuscripts of authors, to make mistakes, I will call your attention to a serious blunder in the first edition of Ben Jonson's verses addressed to the Earl of Somerset, which are in the Athenæum of Feb. 21st. The twenty-first and twenty-second lines are thus printed:

"So in theyr number may you neuer see

Mortality, till you a mortall be."

Ben wrote "immortall."

H. F.

Theoloneum (Vol. v., p. 105.).

—Theoloneum is a toll, i.e. the payment made in markets and fairs for goods bought and sold. It was the property of the lord to whom the fair or market belonged by patent from the crown.

Henry III., by letters patent, dated at Windsor 15th May, in the thirty-first year of his reign, grants to the abbot, &c. of Fecamp, the manors at Cheltenham and Slaughter, &c. &c. &c. in exchange for the villes of Winchelsea and Rye, which had been granted to the said abbot, &c. by Edward the Confessor; to hold them—

"adeo libera et quieta sicut antea tenuerunt Winchelsee et la Rye ratione donationis eis facte a felicis memorie sancto Adwardo, et concessionum ac confirmationum postmodum abitarum a Willelmo et Henrico Regibus Anglie de terra de Staniges cum omnibus apendiciis suis. Inter que reputabantur Winchelsee et la Rye. In cujus regis Willelmi carta continebantur hujusmodi libertates; videlicet, quod predicti abbas et monachi Phiscanenses habeant terram de Staniges, cum omnibus omnino apendiciis suis et cum omnibus legibus, libertatibus, liberis consuetudinibus quietanciis placitis, querelis, et causis que sunt vel fore possunt, absque ulla inquietudine et diminutione cujuslibet secularis vel judiciaria potestatis sicut res ad Phiscum dominicum pertinentes et quod predicta terra cum omnibus apendiciis suis libera sit et quieta ab omni consuetudine terrene servitutis et ab omni dominacione et subjeccione Baronum et principum et omnium aliorum. Et quod prefati abbas et Monachi Phiscanenses et eorum ministri habeant omnem regiam libertatem et consuetudinem et omnem justiciam suam de omnibus rebus et negociis que in terra sua evenient vel poterunt evenire, nec aliquis nisi per eos se inde intromittat. Quia hoc totum regale beneficium est et ab omni servitute quietum. Et quod si aliquis quicquam contra hujusmodi concessionem presumat, ad phiscum dominicum coactus auri libras centum persolvat."

I have ventured to subjoin this recital from the charter of William, thinking that it may be acceptable to your querist, as fully explanatory of the transaction to which his question refers.

LAMBERT A. LARKING.

Donkey (Vol. v., pp. 78. 165.).

—In Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, v. 16954., we have—

"Ther gan our hoste to jape and to play,

And sayde: sires what? Dun is in the mire."

There is also an old proverbial simile:

"As dull as Dun in the mire."

It is supposed that Dun was a nickname applied to the ass from his colour, in the same way as Burnell, in the Chester Whitsun Playes, MS. Harl. 2013., and Russell applied to the fox, Canterbury Tales, v. 15340.

As to the termination key, it is probably (as in monkey, jockey, which are the only words of similar formation which I can call to mind at present) the same as kin, which has the force of a diminutive in words like lambkin, mannikin, &c.

JUVENIS.

Sir Samuel Garth (Vol. v., p. 151.).

—I believe it will be found difficult to find the place of this celebrated physician's birth. In the fourth volume of Mr. Surtees' History of the County of Durham, pp. 26, 27., there is an interesting account of him, to which is added a pedigree of his family. Surtees, in a note, says:

"There is no trace of his having ever revisited the north, and I have in vain endeavoured to glean anything of correspondence, or of traditional anecdote."

FRA. MEWBURN.

Darlington.

Princes of Wales and Earls of Chester, &c.: Mr. Bush's Collection (Vol. v., p. 178.).

—I suspect Mr. Bush's proposed collection was never published. In an old MS. account of the Fellows of King's, I find the following extract. I copy it as it stands:

"1718.

"Cha. Bush, of Harmondsworth, Middx. Res on being denied his Degree of A. B. in College from Party.... A Clk. of the Record Off. in the Tower, 1725. April 27, 1726, he published proposals for printing by Subsr. A lott of Charters and Letters Patent, and other Instruments concerning the Creation and Investiture of the eldest sons of the Ks of Engl. as Princes of Wales, D. of Cornwall & E. of Chester & Flint, together with several Extracts out of the Parl. Rolls relating to the Honor, Dignity, & Estate of the P. of Wales, from the time of Edward first, P. of Wales (afterwards K. E. 2) to the time of E. 4. inclusive, faithfully collated from the Records of the Tower by C. B. one of the Clks. of the Record Off. in the T. & late Fell. of K. C. C.

"He was taken into the Ordnance Office to assist in methodising the Papers belonging to it, and was after Sec. to the Board of Ordnance."

It would seem Mr. Bush's proposals did not meet with a favourable reception, or perhaps his removal to an important government office prevented his fulfilling his intentions. It is to be hoped he returned his subscriptions (if any).

J. H. L.

Litera scripta manet (Vol. v., p. 200.).

—The following extract, if not complete answer to the query on Litera scripta manet, is a curious instance of the early use of that maxim, and I transcribe it with pleasure as a specimen of one of the best informed and most interesting of our medieval prose writers. I rely, as to orthography and punctuation, on Joseph Ames:

"Considering that wordes ben perisshyng, wayne, and forgateful, and wrytynes duelle and abide permanent, as I rede, Vox audita perit, litera scripta manet. Thise thinges have caused that the faites and deeds of auncient men ben sette by declaracion in fair and aourned volumes, to thende that science and artes, lerned and founden, of thinges passed might be had in perpetuel memorye and remembraunce," &c.

William Caxton.

Westmestre by London, 1481.

BOLTON CORNEY.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Athenæum of Saturday the 21st February announces that Sir F. Madden has secured for the British Museum the celebrated "Bedford Missal," and several other beautiful MSS., by the wise expenditure of three thousand pounds. The other MSS., not described by The Athenæum, are, we believe, the Breviary of Isabella of Spain, presented to her by Francisco de Rojas in 1497, on the occasion of the double marriage of her children, Don Juan and Doña Juana, to Margaret of Austria and Philip the Fair, which sold at Mr. Hurd's sale in 1832 for 520l.; the Hours of Juana of Castile, wife of Philip the Fair, formerly in Hanrott's library; the Hours of Francis I., which sold in Sir Mark Masterman Sykes's sale, 1824, for 163l. 16s.; the Hours of François d'Inteville, Bishop of Auxerre, executed in 1525, formerly in Beckford's collection; another volume of Hours of the sixteenth century, and a fine copy, in two large vols. folio, of the French translation of Petrus Comestor's Historia Scholastica, by Guiart des Molins, completed in 1294. While we agree with our contemporary in our approval of this purchase, we cannot help adding to that approval a hope that neither the trustees nor the treasury will make this expenditure an excuse for not enabling the keeper of the MSS. to make extensive purchases at the sales of valuable historical collections which are expected to take place in the course of the present year.

At a general meeting of the Percy Society held last Thursday week, the dissolution of the Society was determined on; and the meeting came to the very proper resolution of not selling the stock of books in hand, which would have had the effect of depreciating the market-value of the Society's publications, but of distributing them among the existing members. It is proposed, we believe, to form a new Society on a somewhat similar plan; but which is to have for its object the reprinting, without abridgment or omission, of such rare but well chosen tracts by Greene, Nash Breton, Taylor the Water Poet, &c. as afford valuable illustration of manners, or are interesting in any other point of view.

We have received from Messrs. Rivington a new volume containing Eight Essays on Various Subjects, by the Rev. S. R. Maitland, D.D. The pages of "N. & Q." have been so frequently enriched by contributions from the able pen of the writer of these Essays, and he has in the work in question spoken so kindly of this journal, that we feel it will be more respectful to one who does not need our praise—which might under these circumstances be attributed to interested motives—if we limit our notice of the subject of the volume to an enumeration of the titles of the essays. They are as follows:—I. On the Mystical Interpretation of Scripture; II. Sacred Art—No. 1. Music; III. Sacred Art—No. 2. Painting; IV. Matter of Fact; V. The Fulness of the Gentiles; VI. The Waldenses and Albigenses; VII. Perrin's History of the Vaudois; VIII. The Lollards. When we add that to these are appended the following notes:—A. Cowper's Nightcap; B. Vauxhall; C. The School of Declamation; D. On Political Prophecies; E. The "Mirabilis Liber" and "Petrus de Bardis"; F. Extracts from Lollard Prophecies: we think we have shown all who know the learning, honesty of purpose, strong common sense, and racy humour of the Essayist, that the book is one to be looked after, and to be looked at.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.

BELL'S FUGITIVE POETRY COLLECTION. Vols. X. and XVI. 12mo. 1790.

THE CRITIC, London Literary Journal. First 6 Nos. for 1851.

VOLTAIRE, ŒUVRES COMPLETES DE. Aux Deux-Ponts. Chez Sanson et Compagnie. Vols. I. & II. 1791-2.

SCOTT'S CONTINUATION OF MILNER'S CHURCH HISTORY. Part II. of Vol. II. 8vo.

SPECTATOR. No. 1223. Dec. 6, 1851.

EDWIN AND EMMA. Taylor, 1776.

ANNUAL REGISTER, from 1816 inclusive to the present time.

MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL TRANSACTIONS. From Part II. of Vol. XI. March, 1819; and also from Vol. XXX.

THE CODE MATRIMONIAL. Paris, 1770.

PRO MATRIMONIO PRINCIPIS CUM DEFUNCTÆ UXORIS SORORE CONTRACTO RESPONSUM JURIS, COLLEGII JURISCONSULTORUM IN ACADEMIÂ RINTELENSI. Published about 1655.

GREGORY'S (DR.) SECOND MEMORIAL TO THE MANAGERS OF THE ROYAL INFIRMARY, EDINBURGH.

HERON'S (SIR ROBERT) NOTES. First Edition. Privately printed.

COBBETT'S STATE TRIALS. 8vo. Vol. VIII. 1810.

ISR. CLAUDERI DISPUTATIO DE SALE SUB PRÆSIDIO SAGITTARII. Jenæ, 1650.

CRESCENT AND THE CROSS. Vol. I. Third Edition.

MACKINNON'S HISTORY OF CIVILISATION. Vol. II. 1846.

LITE'S DODOENS' HERBAL. First Edition. (An imperfect copy to complete another.)

TURNER'S A BOOKE OF THE NATURES OF THE BATHES IN ENGLAND. 1568. (An imperfect copy to complete another.)

A MOST EXCELLENT AND PERFECTE CORNISH APOTHECARY. 1561. (An imperfect copy to complete another.)

FIELDING'S WORKS. 14 Vols. 1808. Vol. XI. [Being 2nd of Amelia.]

SHADWELL. Vols. II. and IV. 1720.

ARCHBISHOP LEIGHTON. Vol. IV. 1819.

BARONETAGE. Vol. I. 1720.
Ditto. Vols. I. and II. 1727.

CHAMBERLAYNE'S PHARONNIDA. (Reprint.) Vols. I. and II. 1820.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Notices to Correspondents.

We regret that we have been compelled at the last moment to postpone MR. RAWLINSON'S paper on Provincial Words until next week.

J. W. B. The autobiography of Richard Jones the comedian has not, we believe, been published.

J. N. C. The Augmentation Office is a part of the Record Office at Carlton Ride.

G. H. K. Does our correspondent wish his Query respecting William Tell in our 3rd Vol. p. 187. repeated?

R. J. (Shrewsbury) is referred to Carlyle's Sartor Resartus for a reply to his Query.

REPLIES RECEIVED.—Cabal—Roaring Meg—Cheap Maps—Nuremburg Token—Gospel Oaks—Broad Arrow—Provincial Names—Modern Greek Names of Places—Knarres—Boiling to Death—Passage in Hamlet—Age of Trees—Ballad of Lord Delamere—Beocherie—Sir A. Cumming and the Cherokees—Behemoth—"'Twas whisper'd in Heaven"—John of Padua—Donkey—Ambassadors addressed as Peers.

Full price will be given for clean copies of No. 19. upon application to our Publisher.

Neat Cases for holding the Numbers of "N. & Q." until the completion of each Volume are now ready, price 1s. 6d., and may be had by order of all booksellers and newsmen.

Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestion of T. E. H., will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by circulating them.

VOLUME THE FOURTH OF NOTES AND QUERIES, with very copious INDEX, is now ready, price 9s. 6d. cloth boards.

"NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

LEBAHN'S WORKS.

Fourth Stereotype Edition. price 8s.; with Key, 10s. 6d.

GERMAN in ONE VOLUME. Containing a Grammar; Exercises; Undine, a Tale by Fouqué, with Notes; and a Vocabulary of 4,500 Words synonymous in German and English.

Price 6s.

PRACTICE IN GERMAN. Adapted for Self-Instruction; containing the First Three Chapters of Undine, with a literal Interlinear Translation, and copious Notes.

Price 6s. 6d.

THE SELF-INSTRUCTOR in GERMAN. Containing—I. "Der Muthwillige" (the Wag), a Comedy, in Five Acts, by KOTZEBUE. II. "Der Neffe als Onkel," a Comedy, in Three Acts, by SCHILLER. With a Vocabulary and Notes.

Price 3s. 6d.

A FIRST GERMAN READING-BOOK. Containing—"Das Täubchen" (the Dove), a Tale for the Young, by CH. SCHMID. With an Introductory Grammar and a Vocabulary, containing every Word occurring in the Text.

Price 3s. 6d.

EICHENFELS, AND DIALOGUES; In What Manner Henry came to the Knowledge of God: a Tale, by CH. SCHMID. With a complete Vocabulary, and Dialogues, containing the ordinary Conversational Phrases.

Price 3s. 6d.

PETER SCHLEMIHL; or, the SHADOWLESS MAN. By CHAMISSO. With a Vocabulary and Copious Notes.

Price 3s. 6d.

EGMONT: a Tragedy, in Five Acts. by GOETHE. With a complete Vocabulary.

Price 3s. 6d.

UNDINE: a Tale, by FOUQUÉ. With Notes.

Price 3s. 6d.

WILHELM TELL: a Drama, in Five Acts, by SCHILLER. With a complete Vocabulary.

About 250 commendatory Notices on the above
Works have appeared.

Sold by all Booksellers; and at Mr. LEBAHN'S Class Rooms, 1. Annett's Crescent, Lower Road, Islington.

MR. FALCK-LEBAHN receives Classes and Private Pupils at 1. Annett's Crescent, Islington; 12. Norland Square, Notting Hill; and attends Students at their own Residences.

Just published, fcap. 8vo., cloth, price 6s.,

SERMONS, on the Doctrines and Means of Grace, and on the Seven Words from the Cross. By GEORGE TREVOR, M.A., Canon of York.

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

CHEAP TEA and CHEAP COFFEE.—Although we sell black tea at 3s. per lb. and good black tea at 3s. 4d., strong coffee at 10d., and fine coffee at a 1s. per lb., we still say to all who study economy, that the best is the cheapest, particularly when the best can be obtained from us at the following prices:—The best congou tea, 3s. 8d. per lb.; the best souchong tea, 4s. 4d.; the best gunpowder tea, 5s. 8d. per lb.; the best old mocha coffee, 1s. 4d. per lb.; the best West India coffee, 1s. 4d. per lb. The fine, true, ripe, rich, rare souchong tea is now only 4s. per lb.; and the pure, rich, rare gunpowder, 5s. per lb. Tea or coffee to the value of 40s. sent carriage free to any part of England, by PHILLIPS and Co., Tea merchants, 8. King William Street, City.

PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET.

CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS.

Established 1806.

Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818l.

Annual Income, 150,000l.—Bonuses Declared, 743,000l.

Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450l.

President.

The Right Honourable EARL GREY.

Directors.

The Rev. James Sherman, Chairman.

Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., Deputy-Chairman.

Henry B. Alexander, Esq.

George Dacre, Esq.

William Judd, Esq.

Sir Richard D. King, Bart.

The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird

Thomas Maugham, Esq.

William Ostler, Esq.

Apsley Pellatt, Esq.

George Round, Esq.

Frederick Squire, Esq.

William Henry Stone, Esq.

Capt. William John Williams.

J. A. Beaumont, Esq., Managing Director.

Physician—John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague Street, Montague Square.

NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.

Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses.

Date of Policy. 1806
Sum Insured. £2500

Original Premium. £79 10 10 Extinguished

Bonuses added subsequently,
to be further interested annually. £1222 2 0

Date of Policy. 1811
Sum Insured. £1000

Original Premium. £33 19 2 Ditto [Extinguished]

Bonuses added subsequently,
to be further interested annually. £231 17 8

Date of Policy. 1818
Sum Insured. £1000

Original Premium. £34 16 10 Ditto [Extinguished]

Bonuses added subsequently,
to be further interested annually. £114 18 10

Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.

Policy No. 521
Date. 1807
Sum Insured. £900
Bonus added. £982 12 1

Total with Additions
to be further increased. £1882 12 1

Policy No. 1174
Date. 1810
Sum Insured. £1200
Bonus added. £1160 5 6

Total with Additions
to be further increased. £2360 5 6

Policy No. 3392
Date. 1820
Sum Insured. £5000
Bonus added. £3558 17 8

Total with Additions
to be further increased. £8558 17 8

Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. 50. Regent Street.

LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square

Patron: His Royal Highness Prince ALBERT

This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000 volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of the members, supplied with the best English and foreign periodicals.

Terms of admission—entrance fee. 6l.; annual subscription, 2l.; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26l.

By order of the Committee:

J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian.
September, 1851.

Preparing for publication, in Numbers at 3s.
each (to Subscribers 2s. 6d.).

REMAINS OF PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England. Drawn from the Originals. Described and illustrated by JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, Fellow and Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries of London. The Engravings or Lithographs will, if possible, in every case, be of the actual size of the objects represented. The First Number will appear as soon as the names of Two Hundred Subscribers have been received.

Subscribers are requested to forward their Names to the care of

MR. JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.

WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND
ANNUITY SOCIETY,

3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.

FOUNDED A.D. 1842.

Directors.

H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.

William Cabell, Esq.

T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.

G. Henry Drew, Esq.

William Evans, Esq.

William Freeman, Esq.

F. Fuller, Esq.

J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.

T. Grissell, Esq.

James Hunt, Esq.

J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

James Lys Seager, Esq.

J. Basley White, Esq.

Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.

Trustees.

W. Whately, Esq., Q.C.

L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.

George Drew, Esq.

Consulting Counsel.—Sir William P. Wood, M.P., Solicitor-General.

Physician.—William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers.—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in the Prospectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in three-fourths of the Profits:—

Age  £  s.  d.

17   1  14  4

22   1  18  8

27   2   4   5

32   2  10  8

37   2  18  6

42   3   8   2

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.

SPECIAL NOTICE TO INTENDING ASSURERS.

INTENDING Life Assurers are respectfully invited to compare the principles, rates, and whole provisions of the

SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION

with those of any existing company.

In this Society the whole profits are divisible among the policy-holders, who are at the same time exempt from personal liability. It claims superiority, however, over other mutual offices in the following particulars.

1. Premiums at early and middle ages about a fourth lower. See specimens below.⁕

2. A more accurate adjustment of the rates of premium to the several ages.

3. A principle in the division of the surplus more safe, equitable, and favourable to good lives.

4. Exemption from entry money.

⁕ Annual Premiums for 100l., with Whole Profits.

Age
20—1 15 8

25—1 18 0

30—2 1 6

35—2 6 10

40—2 14 9

45—3 4 9

50—4 1 7

55—5 1 11

⁕ Annual Premiums for 100l., with Whole Profits, payable for 21 years only.

Age
20—2 7 0

25—2 10 8

30—2 14 6

35—2 19 8

40—3 6 4

45—3 14 9

50—4 7 2

All policies indisputable unless obtained by fraud.

Forms of proposal, prospectus containing full tables, copies of the Twelfth Annual Report, and every information, will be forwarded (gratis) on application at the London Office, 12. Moorgate Street.

GEORGE GRANT, Agent for London.

NEW VOLUME BY THE REV. DR. MAITLAND.

In small 8vo. price 5s.

EIGHT ESSAYS ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS. By the Rev. S. R. MAITLAND, D.D., F.R.S., and F.S.A.

RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;

Of whom may be had, by the same Author,

1. ERUVIN; or MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS on Subjects connected with the NATURE, HISTORY, and DESTINY OF MAN. Second Edition, 5s. 6d.

2. ESSAYS ON THE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND. 15s.

3. ESSAYS ON THE DARK AGES. Second Edition. 12s.

CARDINAL WOLSEY.

In small 4to. (with Portrait), price 12s.

THE LIFE Of CARDINAL WOLSEY. By GEORGE CAVENDISH, his Gentlemen Usher. New Edition, reprinted from Dr. Wordsworth's "Ecclesiastical Biography," with the addition of numerous Historical and Biographical Notes.

RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.

NEW NUMBER OF MR. ARNOLD'S THEOLOGICAL CRITIC.

Now ready, price 4s., Part I. of Vol. II. of

The THEOLOGICAL CRITIC; a Quarterly Journal. Edited by the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD. M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. This Journal embraces Theology in its widest acceptation, and several articles of each number are devoted to Biblical Criticism.

CONTENTS: 1. Greg's Creed of Christendom; 2. Henderson's Translation of Isaiah; 3. Gottschalk and the Predestinarian Controversy of the Ninth Century; 4. Romans ix. x. xi.; 5. Evidence of the Genuineness of the Gospels; 6. Newman's Lectures, addressed to the Brothers of the Oratory; 7. Cycles of Egyptian Chronology; 8. 1 Tim. iv. 7-10. Notices of Books received. Contents of the Theological Journals.

RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.

Now ready, the First Volume, price 16s. 6d.

THE NEW GENERAL BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY.

In 12 Vols. 8vo., elegantly printed in double columns,

A NEW GENERAL BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. Projected and partly arranged by the late Rev. HUGH JAMES ROSE, B.D., Principal of King's College, London.

This work is intended to supply a deficiency in our literature which has existed since the completion of Mr. Chalmers's Biographical Dictionary, in 1817. That publication, now nearly obsolete, contained less than 9000 names, while the present Work contains more than 20,000. It has been most carefully edited and compiled by experienced writers, who have availed themselves of the vast body of materials which domestic and foreign literature has of late years supplied. The great variety and extensive range of its contents, far exceeding those of any other modern biographical publication in our language, must render it a very important addition to every public and private Library, both as a work of reference, and a storehouse of information and amusement for all classes of readers.

London: B. FELLOWES; RIVINGTONS; E. HODGSON; J. M. RICHARDSON; J. BAIN; G. GREENLAND; CAPES & Co.; T. BOSWORTH; H. WASHBOURNE; H. G. BOHN; and G. WILLIS. Also for J. DEIGHTON, Cambridge; and J. H. PARKER, Oxford.

THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for MARCH contains, among others, the following articles: 1. Lectures on the History of France, by Sir James Stephen. 2. Christian Iconography, by J. G. Waller: Symbols of the Eagle, the Lion, and the Bull. 3. Letters of Mrs. Piozzi to Mr. Cadell. 4. Magdalen College Visitation: with Original Papers, by Hepworth Dixon. 5. The Life and Letters of Niebuhr. 6. Lord Mahon's History of England. The Grenville Administration and the Letters of Junius. 7. Worsaae's Danes and Norwegians in England, Scotland, and Ireland. 8. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: On the Corruption of the Judges in the Thirteenth Century. The Early Use of Paper in England. Roman Inscriptions in Britain. St. Olave's Church, Chichester. With Notes of the Month, Historical Reviews, Historical Chronicle, and Obituary. Price 2s. 6d.

NICHOLS & SON, 25. Parliament Street.

GRATUITOUS AND POST FREE.

Now ready.

THE SEVENTY-EIGHTH CATALOGUE of Cheap Miscellaneous Second-hand English and Foreign Books, issued by W. S. LINCOLN, Cheltenham House, Westminster Road, London. It will be forwarded Gratis and Post free to any gentleman in town or country who applies for it.

Just published,

AMERICA and the AMERICAN CHURCH. By the Rev. HENRY CASWALL, M.A., Vicar of Figheldean, Wiltshire, Author of "The City of the Mormons," &c., and during Fourteen Years in the Service of the Church in the United States and Canada. Second Edition, post 8vo., cloth, price 7s.

In this edition the personal narrative of the Author is considerably enlarged, and brought down to the year 1842—the History of the American Church continued to the present time—the method of Synodical Action in America minutely described, and the advantages and defects of the system impartially stated.

"Full of important information as to the actual condition of the American and our own North American Churches, and contains most valuable statistics concerning both, completed to the end of the year 1851."—Colonial Church Chronicle.

London: J. & C. MOZLEY, 6. Paternoster Row.

Foolscap 8vo., price 5s.

LENT READINGS FROM THE FATHERS. Selected from "The Library of the Fathers."

In the Press, foolscap 8vo.

THE MAN OF SORROWS. The Mental Sufferings of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ during His Passion, considered in Five Discourses. By the Ven. WALTER B. MANT, M.A., Archdeacon of Down, and Rector of Hillsborough.

16mo., price 1s.

SOPHOCLIS AJAX cum Notulis Anglice Scriptis. In Usum Scholarum.

Foolscap 8vo., price 1s. 6d.

TWO LECTURES ON THE HOLY CATHOLIC CHURCH, with reference to the Position of different Sects.

12mo., price 6s. in boards, or 7s. bound.

THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY CALENDAR, 1852.

8vo., price 2s.

THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF ANCIENT MONUMENTS: A Paper read before the Archæological Institute at Bristol, July 29, 1851. With Notes. By EDWARD A. FREEMAN, M.A., late Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford; Local Secretary of the Institute for Gloucestershire.

Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER; and 377. Strand, London.

THE TIMES NEWSPAPER to be Disposed Of (bound in boards), from 1813 to 1846, and from 1846 to 1851 unbound. For Particulars, apply to Mr. E. J. RICHARDSON, 16. Giltspur Street, Snow Hill.

SAINT PANCRAS OLD CHURCH.—Facsimiles of this Church from a drawing done by Lord Bewling, 1587. Do. do. by Captain J. Eyre, showing the Parliament's fortifications at the Brill, 1443. Do. do. by Wm. Townley, showing his brother's gravestone, who suffered on Kennington Common in the Pretender's cause in '45, 1750—three interesting Topographical prints, 3s. each, at THOMPSON'S, 397. Oxford Street. Early risers are respectfully informed the shop opens at Daybreak. Collections of Prints bought.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, March 6, 1852.

Transcriber's Note: Original spelling variations have not been standardized.

Pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-V

Notes and Queries Vol. I.

Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG #

Vol. I No. 1 November 3, 1849. Pages 1 - 17 PG # 8603

Vol. I No. 2 November 10, 1849. Pages 18 - 32 PG # 11265

Vol. I No. 3 November 17, 1849. Pages 33 - 46 PG # 11577

Vol. I No. 4 November 24, 1849. Pages 49 - 63 PG # 13513

Vol. I No. 5 December 1, 1849. Pages 65 - 80 PG # 11636

Vol. I No. 6 December 8, 1849. Pages 81 - 95 PG # 13550

Vol. I No. 7 December 15, 1849. Pages 97 - 112 PG # 11651

Vol. I No. 8 December 22, 1849. Pages 113 - 128 PG # 11652

Vol. I No. 9 December 29, 1849. Pages 130 - 144 PG # 13521

Vol. I No. 10 January 5, 1850. Pages 145 - 160 PG #

Vol. I No. 11 January 12, 1850. Pages 161 - 176 PG # 11653

Vol. I No. 12 January 19, 1850. Pages 177 - 192 PG # 11575

Vol. I No. 13 January 26, 1850. Pages 193 - 208 PG # 11707

Vol. I No. 14 February 2, 1850. Pages 209 - 224 PG # 13558

Vol. I No. 15 February 9, 1850. Pages 225 - 238 PG # 11929

Vol. I No. 16 February 16, 1850. Pages 241 - 256 PG # 16193

Vol. I No. 17 February 23, 1850. Pages 257 - 271 PG # 12018

Vol. I No. 18 March 2, 1850. Pages 273 - 288 PG # 13544

Vol. I No. 19 March 9, 1850. Pages 289 - 309 PG # 13638

Vol. I No. 20 March 16, 1850. Pages 313 - 328 PG # 16409

Vol. I No. 21 March 23, 1850. Pages 329 - 343 PG # 11958

Vol. I No. 22 March 30, 1850. Pages 345 - 359 PG # 12198

Vol. I No. 23 April 6, 1850. Pages 361 - 376 PG # 12505

Vol. I No. 24 April 13, 1850. Pages 377 - 392 PG # 13925

Vol. I No. 25 April 20, 1850. Pages 393 - 408 PG # 13747

Vol. I No. 26 April 27, 1850. Pages 409 - 423 PG # 13822

Vol. I No. 27 May 4, 1850. Pages 425 - 447 PG # 13712

Vol. I No. 28 May 11, 1850. Pages 449 - 463 PG # 13684

Vol. I No. 29 May 18, 1850. Pages 465 - 479 PG # 15197

Vol. I No. 30 May 25, 1850. Pages 481 - 495 PG # 13713

Notes and Queries Vol. II.

Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG #

Vol. II No. 31 June 1, 1850. Pages 1- 15 PG # 12589

Vol. II No. 32 June 8, 1850. Pages 17- 32 PG # 15996

Vol. II No. 33 June 15, 1850. Pages 33- 48 PG # 26121

Vol. II No. 34 June 22, 1850. Pages 49- 64 PG # 22127

Vol. II No. 35 June 29, 1850. Pages 65- 79 PG # 22126

Vol. II No. 36 July 6, 1850. Pages 81- 96 PG # 13361

Vol. II No. 37 July 13, 1850. Pages 97-112 PG # 13729

Vol. II No. 38 July 20, 1850. Pages 113-128 PG # 13362

Vol. II No. 39 July 27, 1850. Pages 129-143 PG # 13736

Vol. II No. 40 August 3, 1850. Pages 145-159 PG # 13389

Vol. II No. 41 August 10, 1850. Pages 161-176 PG # 13393

Vol. II No. 42 August 17, 1850. Pages 177-191 PG # 13411

Vol. II No. 43 August 24, 1850. Pages 193-207 PG # 13406

Vol. II No. 44 August 31, 1850. Pages 209-223 PG # 13426

Vol. II No. 45 September 7, 1850. Pages 225-240 PG # 13427

Vol. II No. 46 September 14, 1850. Pages 241-256 PG # 13462

Vol. II No. 47 September 21, 1850. Pages 257-272 PG # 13936

Vol. II No. 48 September 28, 1850. Pages 273-288 PG # 13463

Vol. II No. 49 October 5, 1850. Pages 289-304 PG # 13480

Vol. II No. 50 October 12, 1850. Pages 305-320 PG # 13551

Vol. II No. 51 October 19, 1850. Pages 321-351 PG # 15232

Vol. II No. 52 October 26, 1850. Pages 353-367 PG # 22624

Vol. II No. 53 November 2, 1850. Pages 369-383 PG # 13540

Vol. II No. 54 November 9, 1850. Pages 385-399 PG # 22138

Vol. II No. 55 November 16, 1850. Pages 401-415 PG # 15216

Vol. II No. 56 November 23, 1850. Pages 417-431 PG # 15354

Vol. II No. 57 November 30, 1850. Pages 433-454 PG # 15405

Vol. II No. 58 December 7, 1850. Pages 457-470 PG # 21503

Vol. II No. 59 December 14, 1850. Pages 473-486 PG # 15427

Vol. II No. 60 December 21, 1850. Pages 489-502 PG # 24803

Vol. II No. 61 December 28, 1850. Pages 505-524 PG # 16404

Notes and Queries Vol. III.

Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG #

Vol. III No. 62 January 4, 1851. Pages 1- 15 PG # 15638

Vol. III No. 63 January 11, 1851. Pages 17- 31 PG # 15639

Vol. III No. 64 January 18, 1851. Pages 33- 47 PG # 15640

Vol. III No. 65 January 25, 1851. Pages 49- 78 PG # 15641

Vol. III No. 66 February 1, 1851. Pages 81- 95 PG # 22339

Vol. III No. 67 February 8, 1851. Pages 97-111 PG # 22625

Vol. III No. 68 February 15, 1851. Pages 113-127 PG # 22639

Vol. III No. 69 February 22, 1851. Pages 129-159 PG # 23027

Vol. III No. 70 March 1, 1851. Pages 161-174 PG # 23204

Vol. III No. 71 March 8, 1851. Pages 177-200 PG # 23205

Vol. III No. 72 March 15, 1851. Pages 201-215 PG # 23212

Vol. III No. 73 March 22, 1851. Pages 217-231 PG # 23225

Vol. III No. 74 March 29, 1851. Pages 233-255 PG # 23282

Vol. III No. 75 April 5, 1851. Pages 257-271 PG # 23402

Vol. III No. 76 April 12, 1851. Pages 273-294 PG # 26896

Vol. III No. 77 April 19, 1851. Pages 297-311 PG # 26897

Vol. III No. 78 April 26, 1851. Pages 313-342 PG # 26898

Vol. III No. 79 May 3, 1851. Pages 345-359 PG # 26899

Vol. III No. 80 May 10, 1851. Pages 361-382 PG # 32495

Vol. III No. 81 May 17, 1851. Pages 385-399 PG # 29318

Vol. III No. 82 May 24, 1851. Pages 401-415 PG # 28311

Vol. III No. 83 May 31, 1851. Pages 417-440 PG # 36835

Vol. III No. 84 June 7, 1851. Pages 441-472 PG # 37379

Vol. III No. 85 June 14, 1851. Pages 473-488 PG # 37403

Vol. III No. 86 June 21, 1851. Pages 489-511 PG # 37496

Vol. III No. 87 June 28, 1851. Pages 513-528 PG # 37516

Notes and Queries Vol. IV.

Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG #

Vol. IV No. 88 July 5, 1851. Pages 1- 15 PG # 37548

Vol. IV No. 89 July 12, 1851. Pages 17- 31 PG # 37568

Vol. IV No. 90 July 19, 1851. Pages 33- 47 PG # 37593

Vol. IV No. 91 July 26, 1851. Pages 49- 79 PG # 37778

Vol. IV No. 92 August 2, 1851. Pages 81- 94 PG # 38324

Vol. IV No. 93 August 9, 1851. Pages 97-112 PG # 38337

Vol. IV No. 94 August 16, 1851. Pages 113-127 PG # 38350

Vol. IV No. 95 August 23, 1851. Pages 129-144 PG # 38386

Vol. IV No. 96 August 30, 1851. Pages 145-167 PG # 38405

Vol. IV No. 97 September 6, 1851. Pages 169-183 PG # 38433

Vol. IV No. 98 September 13, 1851. Pages 185-200 PG # 38491

Vol. IV No. 99 September 20, 1851. Pages 201-216 PG # 38574

Vol. IV No. 100 September 27, 1851. Pages 217-246 PG # 38656

Vol. IV No. 101 October 4, 1851. Pages 249-264 PG # 38701

Vol. IV No. 102 October 11, 1851. Pages 265-287 PG # 38773

Vol. IV No. 103 October 18, 1851. Pages 289-303 PG # 38864

Vol. IV No. 104 October 25, 1851. Pages 305-333 PG # 38926

Vol. IV No. 105 November 1, 1851. Pages 337-359 PG # 39076

Vol. IV No. 106 November 8, 1851. Pages 361-374 PG # 39091

Vol. IV No. 107 November 15, 1851. Pages 377-396 PG # 39135

Vol. IV No. 108 November 22, 1851. Pages 401-414 PG # 39197

Vol. IV No. 109 November 29, 1851. Pages 417-430 PG # 39233

Vol. IV No. 110 December 6, 1851. Pages 433-460 PG # 39338

Vol. IV No. 111 December 13, 1851. Pages 465-478 PG # 39393

Vol. IV No. 112 December 20, 1851. Pages 481-494 PG # 39438

Vol. IV No. 113 December 27, 1851. Pages 497-510 PG # 39503

Notes and Queries Vol. V.

Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG #

Vol. V No. 114 January 3, 1852. Pages 1-19 PG # 40171

Vol. V No. 115 January 10, 1852. Pages 25-45 PG # 40582

Vol. V No. 116 January 17, 1852. Pages 49-70 PG # 40642

Vol. V No. 117 January 24, 1852. Pages 73-95 PG # 40678

Vol. V No. 118 January 31, 1852. Pages 97-118 PG # 40716

Notes and Queries Vol. V.

Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG #

Vol. V No. 119 February 7, 1852. Pages 121-143 PG # 40742

Vol. V No. 120 February 14, 1852. Pages 145-167 PG # 40743

Vol. V No. 121 February 21, 1852. Pages 169-191 PG # 40773

Vol. V No. 122 February 28, 1852. Pages 193-215 PG # 40779

Index

Vol., Dates, Year, PG #

Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] PG # 13536

INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 PG # 13571

INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 PG # 26770

INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. JULY-DEC., 1851 PG # 40166

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. V, NUMBER 123, MARCH 6, 1852 ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™

Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.