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Title: Jane's All the World's Aircraft. 1913

Editor: Fred T. Jane

Release date: January 2, 2011 [eBook #34815]
Most recently updated: January 7, 2021

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Suzanne Shell, Jason Isbell and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JANE'S ALL THE WORLD'S AIRCRAFT. 1913 ***

Transcriber's Notes

The advertisements which were originally at the front of the book have been moved to the back.

JANE'S ALL THE WORLD'S AIRCRAFT 1913

A Reprint of the 1913 Edition of All The World's Air-craft
Edited by

FRED T. JANE

ARCO PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.
New York

First published by Sampson Low Marston in 1913
This edition published 1969 by ARCO PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.
219 Park Avenue South, New York, N. Y. 10003

Library of Congress Catalog Number 69-14964
ARCO Book Number 668-01880-1

Printed in Great Britain

Published Annually.

All the World's AIR=CRAFT.
(ORIGINALLY KNOWN AS "ALL THE WORLD'S AIRSHIPS.")
(WAR FLYING ANNUAL.)

FOUNDED AND EDITED BY FRED T. JANE, Founder and Editor of "FIGHTING SHIPS" (Naval Annual), Etc.

PART A.—AEROPLANES AND DIRIGIBLES OF THE WORLD.
PART B.—HISTORICAL AEROPLANES OF THE LAST SIX YEARS.
PART C.—THE WORLD'S AERIAL ENGINES.
PART D.—AERIAL "WHO'S WHO" AND DIRECTORY.

FIFTH YEAR OF ISSUE.
(Founded 1909.)

LONDON:
SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd.
1913.

Printed by Netherwood, Dalton & Co., Phoenix Works, Rashcliffe, Huddersfield.

CONTENTS

| PAGE
Preface | 7
Glossary of Technical Terms | 9
PART A.
Argentine (J. Schiere) | 15
Austrian (Special Austrian Editor) | 16
Aeroplanes | 17
Dirigibles | 22
Belgian (J. Bracke) | 26
Aeroplanes | 27
Dirigibles | 29
Brazilian | 31
British | 32
Aeroplanes | 37
Dirigibles | 60
British Colonies, Etc. | 63
Bulgarian | 66
Central American Republics | 67
Chilian | 68
Chinese | 69
Danish | 70
Dutch (J. Schiere) | 71
French (Special French Editor) |
Aeroplanes | 73
Dirigibles | 109
German (Special German Editor) | 126
Aeroplanes | 131
Dirigibles | 151
Greek | 168
Italian (Special Italian Editor) | 169
Aeroplanes | 172
Dirigibles | 176
Japanese (Partly Official) | 180
Aeroplanes | 181
Dirigibles | 182
Mexican | 183
Norwegian | 184
Peruvian | 185
Portuguese (J. Schiere) | 186
Roumanian | 187
Russian | 188
Aeroplanes | 190
Dirigibles | 191
Servian | 193
Spanish | 194
Swedish (Lieut. Dahlbeck) | 196
Swiss (Special Swiss Editor) | 198
Turkish | 200
Uruguay | 200
United States (W.L. Jones) | 201
Aeroplanes | 202
Dirigibles | 220
PART B.
Historical Aeroplanes of the Last Six Years | 1B et seq.
PART C.
Principal Aeroplane Engines | 1C
Austrian (W. Isendahl) | 2C
Belgian | 2C
British | 3C
French | 4C
German (W. Isendahl) | 8C
Italian | 11C
Swiss | 12C
U.S.A. | 13C
PART D.
Aerial "Who's Who" | 1D
Classified Aerial Directory | 12D
Alphabetical Index—Aeroplanes | end of
Alphabetical Index— Dirigibles | book

PREFACE.

s conjectured last year, considerable further changes have been produced in this edition.

When, some five years ago, work on this annual was first commenced, the military aviator was an idle dream. Fighting men in dirigibles were a bare possibility; but nothing more than that. Every amateur building an aeroplane (or even merely intending to build one) in his back garden was a possible "conqueror of the air." The aeroplane was going to oust the motor car as a sporting vehicle—everyone was quite certain about that! Beyond that, nothing!

To-day everything is completely changed and except as a war machine the aeroplane is of little interest or use to anyone. A few civilian aviators are still flying, but in practically every case they are doing so in connection with the business aspect of the question. There is no "sport of aviation" such as the prophets foretold a few years ago.

An increasing number of people obtain their pilot certificates and lists of these are still given, although the title of "aviator" is in the bulk of cases somewhat of a courtesy one, since so few keep on flying once they have secured their brevets.

It is as a war machine that the aeroplane has come into its own. The Italian aeroplanes over and over again proved their utility in Tripoli. Although in the Balkan War aircraft were less in evidence than many expected, this may be attributed to the peculiar circumstances of the campaign and also to the scarcity of available machines.

Every country is now engaged in forming its aerial fleets. How far the naval and military branches will coalesce, or how far they will differentiate remains to be seen. The probabilities, at present, all point in the latter direction, and that just as an army is made up of cavalry, infantry, artillery, etc., and a navy of battleships, cruisers, torpedo craft and submarines, so the sky fleets seem destined to consist of groups of different types of machines, each type designed for some special purpose.

The increased war utility of aircraft has necessitated an extension of the pages devoted to organisation of military aviation, etc. The details given are by no means as full as I could wish; but all organisations are being so continually changed owing to increased experience that satisfactory data are not very easy to come by.

During the past twelve months or so we have learned at least one or two important things. The mere fact of the possession of aeroplanes by a nation is a military factor of comparatively little importance. A nation possessing next to no aeroplanes can easily acquire a few hundreds in case of emergency if she has the people to build them. The real problem is two-fold. First, of course, is the possession of trained and efficient aviators to fly the machines. Naval and military officers who have merely secured their brevets at a flying school are of no immediate value; civilians of the same kind are of still less utility.

Second to this is the productive capacity of any country; which may roughly be gauged from the number and importance of its firms engaged in construction.

These points cannot too strongly be enforced. The air strength of any nation in case of war resides in its efficient flying men and in its own productive capacity. The next war will see aircraft quite as much "contraband" as warships, and the nation which relies upon aerial imports will be foredoomed at once. One month is probably the utmost effective life of an aeroplane on hard active service and it may well be a good deal less. And firms capable of building efficient machines cannot be improvised.

A remarkable feature of the last twelve months has been the recrudescence of the dirigible, which is now in far greater esteem than it was a year ago, or for that matter, ever before. In the past there is no doubt that progress was hampered by arguments between the advocates of "heavier than air" and "lighter than air," and a curious notion that the one could only exist at the expense of the other.

Such ideas are now dead, and it is recognised that for war purposes both have their uses and that both are interdependent. It is not quite yet realised how intense this interdependence is likely to be.

Briefly the present situation may be summed up as follows: the dirigible has enormous potentialities for attack on fortified bases and the like, but its powers of defence, guns or no guns, are very slight. A single aeroplane should be able to disable or destroy without very great difficulty the finest dirigible yet built (supposing it able to find the airship in the vastness of the air). The damage that a single aeroplane can do to land defences or ships is, however, entirely trivial—at any rate at present.

Hence the aerial war unit already formed in Germany, and likely to be in existence everywhere else ere another year or so has passed. This unit is a dirigible of great offensive powers, associated with a number of aeroplanes presumably intended to defend it and ward off and defeat attack by hostile aeroplanes.

This is merely the crude beginning, it seems reasonably safe to prophecy that in the early future the aerial war-unit will be made up somewhat as follows:—

(a) An offensive dirigible, carrying the maximum of bombs, etc.

(b) One or two dirigibles carrying oil and petrol for the aeroplanes—possibly capable of dealing with all minor repairs and of carrying a certain number of aeroplanes on board.

(c) A number of war aeroplanes specially designed for fighting other aeroplanes and attacking hostile dirigibles as chances may occur.

(d) A few very swift one man aeroplanes which will be the eyes of the unit.

This seems an early certainty. After all it merely reproduces for the air what centuries of experience have shewn to be essential for fleets and armies.

The matter is a fascinating subject for speculation; but in connection with a work that exists merely to deal with things as they are at present, is perhaps, better not now pursued further. One point, however, may perhaps be mentioned, and that is that victory or defeat in aerial warfare seems likely to depend upon which side can first destroy the other's bases. A base-less dirigible will not live long. This is likely to lead to very great attention being paid at an early date to anti-aircraft guns and other devices for the defence of aerial bases.

Reverting to the arrangement of the present edition, a few words may be said about some of the changes. As stated last year the clumsy old system of grouping monoplanes, biplanes, etc., separately has been abolished. So many firms specialise in both that any such grouping could only lead to confusion.

A tabular system has been generally adopted for most new matter. This will be found far more convenient for reference, and of course, saves a great deal of space.

The effective age of aeroplanes is somewhat of a vexed question, for while one year probably represents the really effective war utility endurance, even in peace time, school life is more or less indefinite and so is ordinary private life. Consequently—although "dead machines" are excluded it has not been possible to draw an exactly uniform age limit line beyond that. Speaking generally modern machines represent as a rule detail improvements rather than the complete changes of the past. For example, the gap between 1911 and 1913, is far less than the gap between 1909 and 1911. This fact is beginning to make itself felt in war machines.

In Part B an attempt has been made to collect illustrations of aeroplanes of the past which for one reason or another possess an historical interest. This section is remarkable for two totally different things (1) the early anticipations of some modern practice, and (2) the past prevalence of certain other ideas which are now totally extinct.

Part C deals with aero-engines. It is mainly remarkable—in comparison with past issues—for the large number of engines which have ceased to exist. It is probably still too ample; as a year hence quite half the makers still recorded are likely to disappear. The mere ability to construct motor car engines is no longer of value. The aeroplane engine designer needs to be a specialist. The absolutely ideal aero-engine no doubt yet remains to be produced; but meanwhile the tendency of users to concentrate upon fewer makes is increasingly evident, despite the fact that the best engine for one particular type of machine is not necessarily the best for some other type.

In conclusion I tender my most grateful thanks to all those who have so kindly collaborated with or for me in the various sections. The book is still some way from being near my ideal, but I have every hope that this edition will be generally considered a very considerable improvement upon previous issues.

FRED T. JANE.

Bedhampton,
Hants.,
England.

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS, Etc.

ENGLISH. | DUTCH. | FRENCH. | GERMAN. | ITALIAN. | NOTES.
Abaft | Achterste deel | Arrière | Hinter | A poppa
Accessories | Onderdeelen | Accessoires | Zubehör | Accessori
Accumulator | Accumulator | Accumulateur | Akkumulator | Accumulatore
AEROPLANE | Dekvlieger | Aéroplane | Drachenflieger | Aereoplano
Aeronaut | Luchtvaarder | Aéronaute | Luftschiffer | Aereonauta
|  | Aviateur |  |  |
Aerostat | Luchtbal | Aérostat | Freiballon | Aereostato
Aft | Achterdeel | Arrière | Hinten | Addietro
After (rear) | Achter | Arrière | Hinterer | Poppa
Air-cooled | Luchtgekoeld | Refroidit par Pair | Luftgekuhlt | Raffredda ad aria
Angleiron | Hoekÿzer | Cornière | Eck Schiene | Ferro ad angolo
Anti-friction metal | Wit metaal | Métal anti friction on regule | Lagermetall | Metallo beanco (anti frizione)
Aviation | Vliegtechniek | Aviation | Flugtechnik | Aviazione
Babbit Metal | Babbits metaal | Métal Babbitt on regule | Lagermetall | Metallo Babbitt
Balance | Evenwicht | Equilibre | Gleichgewicht | Equilibrio
Ball bearings | Kogellagers | Coussinets à billes | Kugel Lager | Cuscinetti a sfere
Ballonet | Luchtzak | Ballonet | Ballonet | Palloncino compensatore
Battery | Batterÿ | Batterie | Batterie | Pila a secco
Bearing metal | Kussenmetaal | Métal pour les coussinets on regule | Lager metall | Metallo par cuscinette
Behind | Achter | Derrière | Hinter | Di dietro
Bevel geared | Kegelraderwerk | Engrenage Conique | Konischer Antrieb | Ingranaggio conico
Biplane | Tweedekker | Biplan | Zwei decker | Biplano
Blades (of propeller) | Bladen (der schroef) | Pales | Flügel | Pale delt'elica
Body | Romp | Fuselage | Körper | Telaio o chassis
Bolt | Bout | Bonlon | Bolzen | Bollone
Box-kite | Kabel-vlieger | Cerf-volant | Drachen | Aquilone a celle
Bracket | Klamp | Tasseau | Stütze | Sostegno
Brake | Rem | Frein | Bremse | Freno
Breadth | Breedte | Largeur | Breite | Larghezza
Canvas | Doek | Toile | Leinwand | Tela
Car | Gondel | Nacelle | Gondel | Navicella
Carburetter | Vergasser | Carburateur | Vergaser | Carburatore
Casting | Gietstuk | Moulage | Guss Stück | Getto
Centre of Gravity | Zwaartepunt | Centre de Gravité | Schwerpunkt | Centro di gravità
Chain driven | Door ketting gedreven | Transmission par chaine | Ketten antrieb | Trasmissione a catena
Chassis | Gestel | Chassis | Motor Rahmen | Chassis
Circumference | Omtrek | Circonférance | Umfang | Cuconferenza
Clutch | Haak | Embrayage | Kupplung | Innesto
Connection | Schakeling | Couplage | Kupplung | Connessione
Control | Stuurinrichting | Direction | Lenk Ubersetsung | Meccanismo di direzione
Coupled | Gekoppeld | Jumelé | Paarweise | Accoppiato
Crank shaft | Krukas | Arbre à manivelle | Kurbelwelle | Albero delle manovelle
Cylinder | Cÿlinder | Cylindre | Zylinder | Cilindro
Die cast Bearings | Ondermetaallager | Coussinets moutés encogiulles | Schalenguss Lager | Cuscinette fusi in conchiglia
DIRIGIBLE | Motorballon | Dirigeable: Aéronat | Motorluftschiff | Dirigibile
Diameter | Middellÿn | Diamètre | Durchmesser | Diametro
Direct driven | Direct gekoppeld | Prise directe | Direkter Antrieb | Presa diretta
Electric welding | Electrische Lassching | Soudure électrique | Elektrisches Schweissen | Soldatura elettrica
Elevator (horizontal rudder) | Hoogtestuur | Gouvernail de profondeur | Hohensteuer | Timone orizzontale
Engine | Motor | Moteur | Motor | Motore
Fan | Ventilator | Ventilateur | Ventilator | Ventilatore
Fittings | Fittings | Garniture | Garnitur | Armamento
Flight | Vlucht | Vol | Flug | Volo
Flown | Gevlogen | Volé | Geflogen | Volato
Fore | Voor | Avant | Vorderer | Ouvanti
Forward (in front) | Van Voren | En avant | Vor | Davanti
Frame | Romp | Fuselage | Rahm | Telais
Framework | Geraamte | Fuselage | Gerüste | Intelaiatura
Gas bag | Gaszak | Enveloppe | Luftballon (Hülle) | Involucro
Geared to | Vertand | Multiplié à | Uebersetst auf | Moltiplicato a
Gear driven | Met tandrad-overbrenging |  | durch Zahnrädern getrieben | Trasmissione a ingranaggi
Girder | Balk | Poutre | Balken | Longarin
Glider | Glÿdvlieger | Planeur | Gleitflieger | Apparecehio a planare
Gondola | Gondel | Nacelle | Gondel | Navicella
Helices | Schroeven | Helices | Schranben | Eliché
Helicopter | Schroefvlieger | Helicoptère | Schraubenflieger | Elicoplano Elicottero
Horizontal plane (in a) | Horizontaalvlak (in een) | Plan horizontal | Horizontal fläche | Piano orizzontale
Horse power | Paardekracht | Puissance en chevaux | Pferdekraft | Forza cavalli
Hydrogen | Waterstof | Hydrogène | Wasserstoff | Idrogens
Ignition | Ontsteking | Allumage | Zündung | Accensione
Inch | Duim | 25.39 m/m. | 25.39 m/m. | Pollice = 25.39 m/m.
Inclination | Helling | Inclination | Schrägstellung | Inclinazione
Keel | Kiel | Carène | Kiel | Chiglia
K.P.M. (kilometres per hour) | K.P.U. (kilom. per uur) | Kilometres par heure | Kilometre pro Stunde | Chilometre all'ora
Kite | Vlieger | Cerf volant | Drachen | Aquilone
Length | Lengte | Longueur | Länge | Lunghezza
Lining metal | Lagermetaal | Métal pour garnir less coussinets ou régule | Lagermetall | Metallo per bronzine dei cuscinetti
Lower (planes) | Onder (vlakken) | Inferieur (plans) | Untere Flächen | Piani inferiori
Magneto | Magneet | Magneto | Magnet | Magneto
Maximum | Maximum | Maximum | Maximum | Massimo
Middle (plane) | Midden (vlak) | (Plan)au milieu | Mittel Deck | Piano medio
Mile | Mÿl | Mile | Meile | Miglio
Military | Militair | Militaire | Militärische | Militare
Miscellaneous | Verschillend (allerlei) | General | Verschiedenes | Diversi
Monoplane | Eendekker | Monoplan | Ein decker | Monoplano
Motor | Motor | Moteur | Motor | Motore
M.P.H. (miles per hour) | M.P.U. (mÿl per uur) | Vitesse | M.P.S. | Miglia all'ora
Multiplane | Veeldekker | Multiplan | Vieldecker | Multiplano
Nacelle | Schuitje | Nacelle | Gondel | Navicella
Non-rigid | Slap | Souple | Unstarr | Non-rigido—flessibile
Petrol (gasoline) | Benzine | Essence | Benzin | Benzina
Pilot (driver) | Bestuurder | Flyer: Aviateur | Führer | Aviatore
Pivot | Tap | Pivot | Gewinde Zapfen | Perno
Planes | Vlakken | Plans | Flächen | Piani
Plug | Kaars, stop | Bougie | Zünd Kerze | Candela
Pound (lb.) | Eng pond = 0,453 K.G. | 0.453 kg. | 0.453 kg. | Libbra = 0.453 kg.
Pressure | Druk | Pression | Druck | Pressione
Propeller | Schroef | Helice | Schraube | Eliche
Quadruplane | Vierdekker | Quadruplan | Vier decker | Qudruplani
Quintuplane | Vÿfdekker | Quintuplan | Fünf decker | Quintuplani
Radiator | Koeler | Radiateur | Kühler | Radiatore
Rear (in) | Achterkant (aan de) | En arrière | Hinten | Indictro
Reduction gearing | Reductie-overbrenging | Engrenage de demultiplication | Ubersetzung | Ingranaggi di ridugione
R.P.M. (revolutions per minute) | Omw. per minuut | Tours | Umlauf | Giri al minuto
Rigid | Stÿf | Rigide | Starr | Rigido
Rises | Stÿgt | S'eléve | Hebt sich | Si eleva
Rubber | Gummi | Caoutchouc | Gummi | Gomma
Rudder | Roer, Stuur | Gouvernail | Steuer | Timone
Section | Doorsnede | Section | Durchschnitt | Regione
Semi-rigid | Halfstÿf | Demi-rigide | Halb Starr | Semi-rigido
Span | Spanwÿdte | Envergure | Spanweite | Apertura
Speed | Snelheid | Vitesse | Geschwindigkeit | Velocita
Stability | Evenwicht | Stabilité | Gleichgewicht | Stabilità
Stabilising fins | Evenwichtsvlakken | Ailerons | Gleichgwichtsflächen | Piani stabilizzaton
Steel | Staal | Acier | Stahl | Acciaio
Steering Gear | Stuurtoestel | Direction | Steuerung | Meccanismo di direzione
Steering Wheel | Stuurwiel | Volant | Steuerrad | Volante di direzione
Supporting surface | Draagvlak | Surface | Tragfläche | Superficio di sostegno
Surfaces | Oppervlakken | Surfaces | Flächen | Superfici
Suspension | Ophanging | Suspension | Aufhängung | Sospensioni
Switch | Omschakelaar | Interrupteur | Schalter | Interruttore
Tail | Staart | Queu | Schwanz | Coda
Total weight | Totaal gewicht | Poids totale | Gesamtlast | Peso totale
Transmission Shaft | Overbrengingsas | Arbre de transmission | Transmissions Welle | Albero di trasmissione
Trial | Proef | Essai | Probe | Prova
Triplane | Driedekker | Triplan | Drei decker | Triplano
Universal Joint | Kogelgewricht | Joint universel | Kardan | Guinta universale
Unladen | Onbelast, leeg | à vide | Leerlaufend
Upper (planes) | Boven (vlakken) | Superior | Ob ere | Piani Superior
Useful lift | Nuttier last | Poids utile | Outlast | Forza utile di elevation
Valve | Kelp | Soup ape | Lentil | Valvular
Vertical plane (in the) | Vertical vlak (in het) | Plan vertical | (in der) Vertikalfläche | Neal piano verticale
Vertical rudder | Zÿstuur | Gouvernail verticale | Seitensteuer | Timone verticale
Volume | Inhoud | Volume | Inhalt | Volume
Water-cooled | Watergekoeld | Refroidissement par eau | Wasserkühlung | Raffreddata ad acqua
Weight | Gewicht | Poids | Gewicht | Peso
Wheels | Wielen | Roues | Raeder | Ruote
Wings | Vleugels | Ailes | Flügel | Ali
Wood | Hout | Bois | Holz | Legno
Yard (measure) | Yard (maat) = 0,914 M | 0.914 mètres | 0.914 meter | Jarda=0.914 m.

Part A.

AEROPLANES & DIRIGIBLES.

ARRANGED BY NATIONALITIES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER.

Note.—Every nation is given in the following fixed order:—

List of Aerial Societies and Clubs, with addresses and Secretaries where possible.
List of Aerial Journals, with addresses, price, and dates of publication.
List of Flying Grounds for aeroplanes, and hangars for dirigibles (if any).
List of Military and Naval Machines and aviators.
List of Private Aviators, total of machines, etc.
AEROPLANES in alphabetical order, uniform scale plans, and particulars.
DIRIGIBLES: Military and private uniform scale plans, and particulars.

Note.—The uniform scale of dirigible plans is a smaller scale than that used for aeroplanes.

ARGENTINE.

(Revised by J. SCHIERE, Aeronautical Engineer and Librarian, Dutch R. Ae. C.)

Aerial Societies:—

Ae.C., Argentino, 561, S. Martin, Buenos Ayres.

Aerial Journals:—

Boletin del Ae.C., Argentino (Monthly).

Flying Grounds:—

Aerodromo Villa Lugano. (P. Castabert, Director.)

Aerodromo del Palomar. (Military).

Military Aviation.

At the end of 1912 there were 6 military aeroplanes (3 Bleriot, 1 Castaibert, 1 Nieuport, and 1 H Farman)—all 1912 models.

Marcel Paillette is director of the military flying ground at the Palomar Aerodrome.

More machines will be added and by the end of the present year it is probable that a very considerable air force will exist.

Private Aviators.

Bregi, Henri (A.C.F. 26)
de Bruyn, A. (3)
Castaibert, B. (1)
Fels, T. (9)
England, Gordon F.C. (British p.)

Goffre, C.A. (4)
Hentsch, H. (5)
Mascias, A.R. (8)
Melchior, E. (11)
Newbury, G. (6)

Origone, M.F. (10)
Paillette, Marcel (French p.)
Parravicini, F. (7)
Roth, J.A. (2)
Valleton A. (French p.)

PABLO CASTAIBERT. Monoplane.

Type
1911.
Bleriot-Hanriot type.
1912.
Bleriot type.

Length

26½ feet (8.15 m.)
28 feet (8.47 m.)

Span

29 feet (8.80 m.)
30 feet (9.35 m.)

Area

206 sq. ft. (19-20 m².)
194 sq. ft. (18 m².)

Weight
(total)
705 lbs. (320 kgs.)
617 lbs. (280 kgs.)

Motor
(h.p.)
25 Anzani
50 Gnome

Speed
(p.h.)
46½ m. (75 km.)
50 m. (80 km.)

Note. Both fly well. Description in Boletin de Ae.C. Argentino.

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN.

(By our Austrian Editor.)

Aerial Societies:—

Cesky Club Automobilistn. Aviatische Sektion. (Prague.)

Deutscher Luftfahrt-Verein in Boehmen (Teplitz-Schoenau).

Flugtechnischer Verein für Mähren (Brunn.).

Flugtechnischer Verein in Schlesien (Troppau).

Flugtechnischer Verein in Steiermark (Graz, Schmiedgasse 31).

K.k. Oesterreichischer Flugtechnischer Verein (Wienstrasse 31, Vienna).

Kärtner Automobil Club (Klagenfürt.)

Klub Awiata (Obertynska Str. 8, Lemburg, Galicia).

Magyar Automobil Club (Budapest).

Magyar Athletikai Club (Abt. fur Aviatik) Budapest.

Oberösterreichischer Verein f.L. in Linz (Landstr. 119, Linz).

Oesterreichischer Aero Club (St. Annahoff, Vienna) (formerly Wiener Aero Club).

Oesterreichischer Flugsport Club (Breitegasse 7, Vienna VII).

K.k. Oesterreichischer Flugtechnischer Verein (Weinstrasse 31, Vienna).

Oesterreichischer Luftflotten-Verein (Vienna).

Oesterreichischer Wintersportklub (Vienna). Glider club.

Verein für L. in Tirol (Innsbruck).

Aerial Journals:—

Allgemeine Automobil Zeitung. (Fleischmarkt 5, Vienna) weekly.

Allgemeine Sport Zeitung. (St. Annhoff, Vienna) weekly.

H.P. Fachzeitung für Automobilismus und Flugtechnik. (Vienna) weekly.

Oesterreichische Flugzeitschrift. (Aspernplatz, Wien I) fortnightly.

Wiener Luftschiffer-Zeitung. (St. Annahof, Vienna) fortnightly.

Flying Grounds:—

Military.

Fischamend (Principal Army).

Goerz.

Zaule b. Triest.

Naval.

Pola.

Private.

Aspern bei Wien, Vienna.

Rakos bei Budapest.

Wiener Neustadt.

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN AEROPLANES.

Military Aviation: General.

In June, 1912, a central aeronautical committee was created, under the presidency of Prince Fürstenberg, to deal with the creation of a national aerial fleet. One of the objects is the perfection of the Austrian machines and factories.

About the same date, Pola was selected as a naval aviation school, and two Paulhan-Curtiss hydro-avions purchased.

In August the record making Lohner was purchased for the Army.

During September Captain Odolek tested before the military authorities a parachute of his invention; and a number were ordered.

In October very strict regulations were issued as to aircraft flying over prohibited areas, a rule that any offenders would be shot at was subsequently modified.

In November a Donnet-Lerêque was purchased for the Navy and another ordered at the Whitehead Works, Fiume.

Army Section.

At the end of 1911 the Army possessed 4 monoplanes and one biplane (a Lohner), now available for school work.

During 1912 there were acquired:—

20 monoplanes.—1 Bleriot, 2 Nieuport, 15 Etrich-Taube, 1 Etrich limousine, 1 Deperdussin.

6 biplanes.—4 Lohner-Daimler, 1 Mars, 1 Klobucar, (of the above the 2 Nieuports, 1 Etrich limousine and the 4 Lohners were the only ones built in Austria).

Naval Section.

4 hydro-avions were acquired during 1912; 2 Donnet-Levêque and 2 Paulhan-Curtiss.

Military Pilots.

Banfield, Ob. Leut.
Blaschke, v. Ob. Leut.
Eyb, Ob. Leut.
Flassig, Leut.
Holeka, Ob. Leut.
Kenese, Ob. Leut.
Klobucar, Ob. Leut.

Miller, Ob. Leut. (5)
Oelwein, Ob. Leut.
Perini, Leut.
Petroczy, Haupt. von.
Riedlinger, Ob. Leut. von.
Schindler, Leut.

Schünzel, Leut.
Stohanzl, Ob. Leut. K (14)
Umlauff, Major von. (10)
Uzelac, Ob. Leut.
Venczel, Leut.
Welhelm, Ob. Leut. von

The military centre is at Goerz, the naval one at Pola.

Flying officers receive each a grant of 1,600 crowns; also 15 crowns a month for upkeep. Special certificate brings 2,000 crowns extra grant.

Private Aviators.

* = Superior brevet.
+ = Killed.

Auer, J. (6)
Baar, R.
Baboncse, K.
Banfield, K.
Bauer, Dr. V.R. von.
Bernat, M.
*Brier, H. (18)
Blaschke von. Z.R.
Booms, W. (9)
Bratmann, J.
Buchstätter, A.
Cejnek, J.
Cihak, E.
Ciszek, J.
Czermak, J.
Dworak, W.
*Economo, C.F. von. (7)
Fiedler, P. (19)
*Flesch, J. (11)
Friedmann, W.
Haner, E.
Hesse, M.
Heyrowski, A.
Hieronimus, O.
Hinter, K.
Hold, Hermann

Huss, H.
*Illner, K.
Javor, J.
Kaiserfeld, R. von.
Kasulakow, W.
Keck, Z.
Kenese, W.
Király, K.
Klobucar, V.
Knirsch, A.
Kolowrat, A. Graf. (15)
Kreiner, E.
Lagler, B.V.
Latzel, J.
Lettis, A.
Libowitzky, A.
Mandl.
Mazuranic, B.
+Mosen.
Nemec, H.E. von.
Nittner, E.
Ockermüller, H.
+Petrovics, A. von. (13)
Pischof. A.R. von. (2)
Rabis, M.

Reisner, H.
Riedlinger, E. v. Kastrenberg.
Rosenthal, F.
+Russjan.
Sablatnig, J. (12)
Schartner, H.
Schindler, A.
Schonowsky, B.
Schönpflug, F.
Seidl, Franz.
Simon, R. (4)
Stanger, R.
Steiner-Göltl, E. v. A.
Stiploschek, M.
*Székely, M.
Tauszig, A.
Teufl von. Ferland, R.
Umlauff von F.
Vlaicu, A.
*Warchalowski, A. (1)
Warchalowski, K. (8)
Weiner, T.
Widmer, J.
+Wiesenbach, V.
Woseçek, W.

Private Aeroplanes.

At the end of March, 1913, the total number of private aeroplanes in the country was about twenty.

ETRICH Monoplanes.

Etrich Flieger Werke, Wiener Neustadt. Igo Etrich was a very early experimenter in conjunction with Wels. In 1909 he produced on his own account the first Etrich monoplane, a characteristic machine, which except for detail improvement, varying dimensions, etc., has not been appreciably altered since. (See Historical Section.)

Photo, C. Maleuit.

Model and date.
VII 1911.
VIII 1911-12.
2-seater
1912-13.
Limousine 2-seater.

Length
feet (m.)
37 (11.30)
30¾ (9.30)
26¼ (8)

Span
feet (m.)
48 (14.60)
42 (12.80)
31¼ (9.50)

Area
sq. feet (m².)
380 (35)
323 (30)
280 (26)

Weight
total lbs. (kgs.)
...
...
...

useful lbs. (kgs.)
...
...
...

Motor
h.p.
120 Daimler
100
60 Daimler

Speed
m.p.h. (km.)
...
...
...

Number built during 1912
5
2
2

Remarks.—A number of VII & VIII have been sold for military purposes to the Austrian, Russian, German, and other governments.

Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Etrich VIII.

Photo, Guld.

Etrich. Limousine.

LOHNER-DAIMLER.

This firm is now amalgamated with Etrich.

1911.
1912-13.
Lohner Daimler Pfeilflieger.

Length
feet (m.)
...
32 (9.70)

Span
feet (m.)
...
44¼ (13.50)

Area
sq. feet (m².)
...
450 (42)

Weight
total lbs. (kgs.)
...
926 (420)

useful lbs.(kgs.)
...
...

Motor
h.p.
60 Aust. Daimler
125 Aust. Daimler

Speed
m.p.h. (km.)
50 (80)
62 (100)

Number built during 1912
?
4

Remarks.—Staggered and V shape. Late in 1911 one was purchased for the Austrian Army. In 1912 made a world's altitude. Passenger record, 4,530 metres (14,862 feet.)

MERCEP Monoplanes.

Mihalis Mercep, Aeroplanwerkstatte, Agram, Hungary. Russjan was connected with this firm, which built 2 biplanes to his designs in 1909. Russjan was killed in the second of these. In 1911, a Mercep was built.

| 1911. | 1912-13.
Length | feet (m.) | 29½ (9) | 23 (7)
Span | feet (m.) | 34-1/3 (10.50) | 32½ (10)
Area | sq. feet (m²) | ... | 204 (19)
Weight | machine, etc. lbs. (kgs.) | ... | 617 (280)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | 661 (300)
Motor | h.p. | ... | 50 Gnome
Number built | 1 | 1

Mercep. 1912-13.

WARCHALOWSKI, Biplane.

Karl Warchalowski, Autoplan Werke, Odoakergasse 35, Vienna XVI.

A machine generally on M. Farman lines, but with different shaped ailerons and corners of the leading edge rounded.

WHITEHEAD.

Whitehead & Co., Fiume, Austria. The Whitehead Torpedo Co. has laid down plant for the production of hydro-aeroplanes.

ZIEGLER Monoplane.

Flugzengwerke Johann Ziegler, Vienna.

| 1912-13.
Length | feet (m.) | 59 (18)
Span | feet (m.) | 42¾ (13)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 586 (55)
Weight | total | 1656 (750)
| useful | ...
Motor | h.p. | 100 Mercedes
Speed | m.p.h. (k.m.) | 50 (80)
Number built during 1912 | 2

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN DIRIGIBLES.

Military.

Date of order. | Name. | Make. | Type. | Capacity in m³. | H.P. | Speed. m.p.h. (k.p.h.) | Remarks.
1909 | M 1 | Parseval P.L. 4 | n.r. | 2300 | 70 | 27 (45) |
1909 | M 2 | Lebaudy-Juillot 6 | s.r. | 4800 | 100 | 23 (37) | Wrecked 1911 but repaired
1910 | M 3 | Körting (K.W. 1) | n.r. | 3600 | 150 | 30½ (49) |
1912 | M 4 | Zeppelin |  | 22,000 | 450 | 47 (75) | Building.

Military Dirigible Pilots.

Cajanek, V.
Grebenz, K.
Hauswirth, J.

Heller, S.
Hofstätter, E.
Macher, M.

Tauber, F.
Tepser, G.E. von.
Weiss, H.

Private.

Date of commencement. | Name. | Make. | Type. | Capacity in m³. | H.P. | Speed m.p.h. (k.p.h.) | Remarks.
1910 | MANNSBARTH-STAGL | Mann-Sl. | n.r. | 8200 | 300 | 40 (65) |
1912 | BOEMCHER II | Boemcher II |  | 2750 |  | 25 (40) |

Two Renners and a Boemcher I have ceased to exist.

Private Dirigible Pilots.

Adrario, K.
Baumann, F.
Becker, T.
Berlepsch, F.F. von.
Cassinone, A.
Fürst, A.

Hoffory, W.
Hinterstoisser, F.
Kaiser, K.
Mannsbarth, F.
Nowy, V.

Richter, von. B.
Stagel, H.
Stratmann, W.
Wagner, E. von. F.
Zborowski, J.

BOEMCHER II. (1912-13.) Non-rigid.

Building.

Length, ? feet (? m.) diameter, ? feet (? m.) volume, 77,000 c. feet (2,750 m³.)

Gas bags.—

Motor.—

Speed.—25 m.p.h. (40 k.p.h.)

Propeller.—

LEBAUDY-JUILLOT 6=Military M II. (1910.) Semi-rigid.

Length, 229¾ feet (10 m.) diameter, 36 feet (11 m.) volume, 170,000 c. feet (4,800 m³.)

Gas bags.—Austro-American Rubber Co.

Motor.—100 h.p. Mercedes.

Speed.—27 m.p.h. (45 km.)

Propellers.—Two 2-bladed.

Remarks.—Built by the Austrian Daimler works to Lebaudy-J. designs. Sister to the Russian Lebed.

KÖRTING-WIMPASSING (K-WI). Non-rigid=Military. M III. (1911.)

Maximum length, 213¼ feet (65 m.) maximum diameter, 34½ feet (10.50 m.) volume, 127,150 c. feet (3,600 m³.)

Total lift.— lbs. ( kgs.) Useful lift, lbs. ( kgs.)

Gas bags.—2 ballonets of 15,900 c. feet (450 m³.)

Motors.—2 Körting, of 75 h.p. each (= 150 h.p.)

Speed.—30½ m.p.h. (49 km.) Made on trials March, 1911.

Propellers.—Two 4-bladed. Diameter, 9¾ feet (3 m.)

Steering.—Parseval style. This ship is generally an adaptation of the Parseval type. Accommodates 8 people. Completed 1911. Military airship.

Remarks.—

Uniform Dirigible Scale.

MANNSBARTH. Non-rigid (1911).
(Alias STAGL MANNSBARTH.)

Maximum length, ? feet (? m.) maximum diameter, ? feet (? m.) volume, 289,600 c. feet (8,200 m³.)

Total lift.— lbs. ( kgs.) Useful lift, lbs. ( kgs.)

Gas bags.—Divided into 4 compartments. Ballonet in each.

Motors.—2 of 150 h.p. each (= 300 h.p.)

Speed.—40 m.p.h. (65 k.p.h.)

Propellers.—3. Diameter, 13 feet (4 m.) Also 1 helice.

Steering.—Helice used as elevator. Rudder aft. Forward and after ballonets also used as elevators, Parseval style. Completed 1911.

Remarks.—Built for Government, but not taken over.

PARSEVAL P.L. 4. Non-rigid. = MILITARY M I. (1909.)

Maximum length, 164 feet (50 m.) approx. diameter, 28¼ feet (8.60 m.) volume, ? c. feet (2,300 m³.)

Total lift.—5,730 lbs. (2,600 kgs.)

Gas bags.—Rubbered fabric by Austrian American Rubber Co.

Motor.—70-100 h.p. Mercedes Daimler. 1,200 r.p.m. at 70 h.p.

Speed.—27 m.p.h. (45 km.) made on trials.

Propellers.—Parseval type, semi-rigid, chain driven, 3-bladed. Diameter, 11½ feet (3.50 m.)

Steering.—Parseval system.

Remarks.—Built by the Austrian Motorluftschiff Gesellschaft to the Parseval type C design (see Germany). Taken over by the Austro-Hungarian Army, December, 1909. Has flown 6½ hours. Has risen to 1,150 metres and subsequently flown 1½ hours. Carries 4 persons, about 400 lbs. (180 kgs.) ballast, and fuel for 12 hours. Station: Fischamend.

BELGIAN.

(Revised by M. BRACKE, Aeronautical Engineer & Editor of "L'Aero Mécanique.")

Aerial Societies:—

Aero Club Belgique.

Aero Club of Hainault.

La Ligue Nationale Belgique.

Delta Club (Kites).

Ae. C. de Flanders.

Ae. C. du Littoral.

Ae. C. de Liege-Spa.

Aerial Journals:—

La Conquête de l'Air. (214 Rue Royale, Brussels) bimonthly, 5 francs p.a.

L'Aero Mécanique (Brussels edition). Chemin de St. Denis, Casteau, Mons., Belgium, 2.50 f.

L'Aviation Industrielle et Commerciale (monthly), Chemin de St. Denis, Casteau, Mons., 1.50 f.

Flying Grounds:—

Berchem.

Brasschaet (Military).

Camp de Casteau. (Aviation Industrielle & Commerciale).

Etterbeek, near Brussels.

Kiewit.

St. Job (private property Baron de Caters.).

BELGIAN AEROPLANES.

Military Aeroplanes.

At the end of 1912 the military air force consisted of three 50 h.p. Gnome H. Farman 1911 military, used for instructional purposes, and twenty-four 70 h.p. Gnome H. Farmans (model 1912 military), for war work:

The military school is at Brasschaet, near Antwerp. Major Campion in command.

The course is as follows:

1. Theoretical course.—Lectures on meteorology, structure of aeroplanes, aviation motors, etc.

2. Practical.—This, in addition to flight, consists of dismounting and replacing parts of aeroplanes and aerial motors, all general repairs, erecting hangars and aerial photography.

The school possesses nine hangars, of which three are Bessonneau type, three wooden, and three metal.

For 1913 the sum of £20,000 is to be expended for purchase of aeroplanes and the establishment of aerial squadrons at Antwerp, Liege, and Brasschaet.

These are organised into six squadrons of four units each. The full complement of each squadron is eight aviators, fifteen to 20 mechanics, etc., and six citizen soldiers.

The question of hydro-avions for the Congo is under consideration.

AVIATORS.

(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C. Belgique pilot certificate number.)

Military.

Broune, Lieut. (37)
Cozic, R. (23)
Dhanis, Lieut. (35)
Heinter Poorten (47)

Lebon, Lieut. (36)
Moulin, E. (45)
Movtens, Lieut. (19)
Nelis, Lieut, (in command) (28)

Robert, V. (47)
Sarteel, Lieut. (26)
Sournoy, J. (46)
Tocy, Lieut.

Private.

Allard, E. (4)
Armand, C. (22)
Baugniet, Edmond (18)
Boel
Bracke, A.
Camille, Amand (22)
Christiaens, Joseph (7)
Crombez (25)
De Caters, Baron (1)
De Heel, Emile (24)
D'Hespel, Comte Joseph (15)
De la Hault, Adhemar
De Laet, E. (31)
De Laminne, Chev (9)
De Jonckeer (44)

Depireux, Isidore (20)
De Petrovsky, Alexandre (11)
De Ridder, Alphonse (13)
De Roy, W. (41)
Descommines
Deudeuner, A. (43)
Dolphyn (40)
Doneryos, J. (33)
Duray, A. (3)
Dutrieu, Mdlle. H. (27)
Fischer, Jules (12)
Frenay, Fernand (21)
Hanciau, P. (34)
Hanouilleo, P. (42)
Hasen

Lamblotte, F. (29)
Lanser, Alfred (16)
Lescart, F. (30)
Mestagh, G. (39)
Michez, S.R. (32)
Olieslagers, Jan (5)
Olieslagers, Max
Orta, José
Peeters
Pickard
Stellingwerff, J. (49)
Tyck, Jules (8)
Van den Born, Chas. (6)
Verschaeve, Fernand (17)
Verstraeten, Léon (14)

The following Belgian aviators have been killed:—

Kinet, Daniel (2)
Kinet, Nicolas (10)
Verrept, John (38)

BEHUEGHE

(Bron), in Herseun. Built in 1912. A monoplane that flew very well at camp of Casteau Aerodrome during May—October. Motor.—25. h.p. type Morane. New designs in wing construction, landing chassis, etc.

A. BRACKE

(formerly Bracke, Missyon & Co.), Casteau, Mons. In 1910, constructed the first aeroplane built by a Belgium firm—a monoplane with planes at 120. This machine has not been duplicated: but the firm have since built machines to private specifications. The only firm which has in Belgium the speciality of aeronautical patents.

DE BROUCKERE,

23 rue Joardens, Brussels. Biplane. H. Farman. type. Built in 1911, modified in 1912.

DE LA HAULT

Adhémar de la Hault, 214 rue Royale, Brussels. In 1906, built a flapper of novel design. This was followed in 1910, by a machine on monoplane lines with one fixed plane and two flapping wings. This failed to fly, and in August, 1911, was altered into a biplane. It did not succeed, however. M. Hault is still pursuing the ornithopter question.

HAREL I. Biplane.

Length.—49¼ feet (15 m.) Surface.—344½ sq. feet (32 m².) Weight.—771 lbs. (350 kgs.), flying order. Warping wings. Monoplane tail. Motor.—50 h.p. Gnome, mounted just under and forward of the upper wing. Tractor.—1 Chauviere. Elevator placed 1 in front and 1 in rear, H. Farman style. Rudders, 2 in rear. Completed May, 1911. For further details see Conquete de l'Air, July 1st, 1911. Property of M. Van der Stegen.

WILLIAMS. Biplane.

Motor.—70 h.p. E.N.V. Generally of headless Voisin type on a Farman body. Completed 1911. Has flown fairly well.

BELGIAN DIRIGIBLES.

Military.

1910.

1. LA BELGIQUE II (late I) 4,000 m³.

1911.

2. LA BELGIQUE III

Note.—La Belgique I was built in 1909 and re-built 1910.

Private.

VILLE DE BRUXELLES 6,000 m³.

LA BELGIQUE II. (No. 1 rebuilt.) Military.

Length, 226 feet (64.8 m.) maximum diameter, 35 feet (10.75 m.) capacity, 141,300 cubic feet (4,000 m³.) total lift, 9,921 lbs. (4,500 kgs.)

Gas bag.—Rubber proofed Continental fabric. Ballonet, filled by a separate motor giving 7.5 inches of water pressure. Warm air can be pumped in if required. Ballonet, 28,250 c. feet (800 m³.)

Motors.—2, each of 60 h.p., Vivinus, 4-cylinder, 112×130.

Propellers.—1 in front of the car. 285 revolutions per minute. Wood construction.

Speed.—25 miles per hour. 40 km. per hour.

Planes.—Horizontal: a gas tube bent horizontally round the tail. Vertical: vertical fins on the tail, and a long vertical keel under the gas bag.

Car.—A girder, square in section, tapered at both ends. Built of tubular steel. Length, 82 feet (25 m.)

Miscellaneous.—Built by L. Godard, France, 1909. Crew, 3 men. Accommodation for 1 passenger. Fuel for 10 hours. Greatest height attainable, 3,280 feet (1,000 m.)

Table of weights.—

Gas bag, complete with ballonet, valves, planes, | lbs. | kgs.
suspension, etc | 1,951 | 885
Propellers (2) | 275½ | 125
Blower | 33 | 15
3 h.p. motor for blower | 33 | 15
Motors (2) complete with gearing and shafting | 1,410 | 640
Car | 992 | 450
Fuel for 10 hours | 738½ | 335
Ballast | 826¾ | 375
1 passenger (or ballast) | 154 | 70
Crew (3) | 463 | 210
Guide ropes, etc | 220 | 100
Miscellaneous | 88 | 40
| About 7,165 | 3,250

Remarks.—Reconstructed in the winter of 1909. There are two noteworthy innovations in connection with the ballonet. (1) The ballonet can be warmed by the motor. (2) In case of real emergency air can be pumped direct into the gas bag. Experiments of the utmost importance to all airships are in progress with a view to ridding the gas of this air cheaply and quickly.

LA BELGIQUE III. Military.

Presented 1910 to the Belgian Government by H.M. the King of the Belgians. 4,500 m³. Practically same as II, but has 3 propellers. Motors.—Two 100 h.p. Germain.

VILLE DE BRUXELLES.

(Formerly known as LA FLANDRE.)

(Astra type.)

Maximum length, 256 feet (78 m.) maximum diameter, 41 feet (12.4 m.) volume, 212,000 c. feet (6,000 m³.)

Total lift.—15,763 lbs. (7,150 kgs.) Useful lift, ? lbs. ( ? kgs.)

Gas bags.—Continental rubbered fabric, yellow. Ballonet, 16,146 c. feet (1,500 m³.)

Motors.—2 Pipe motors of 100 h.p. each, placed in line with each other in the fore and aft line, and with clutches and the necessary gearing in between them.

Speed.—35 m.p.h.

Propellers.—3, namely: one at the fore end, driven by the two motors when coupled together, and two placed above and on either side of the centre of the car, for use when only one motor is running. Chauvière propellers.

Steering.—Vertical steering by means of a large double aeroplane fixed above the car, about a third from the front. Horizontal steering by means of a double vertical rudder above the rear end of the car. Stability is secured by the usual Astra pear shaped stabilising gas bags, with fins of rubbered cloth spread between the inner edges of these shapes.

Remarks.—The distinctive feature of this ship is the arrangement of the propellers. Both motors can be coupled either on to the front propeller or on to the two rear propellers, or on to all three together, but they are actually intended only to drive the front one. On stopping either motor the other is connected to the two rear propellers, which are designed for a slower speed of translation than the front one, with the result that the running motor does not find itself overloaded as it would if the same propeller had to serve both for one and for two motors.

BRAZILIAN.

AVIATORS.

Garos, Queiroz, Robert, Henri, Santos-Dumont, Versepuiz.

There are possibly one to two aeroplanes in Brazil, but the well-known aviators live in France. Little or nothing seems doing in Brazil as yet.

BRITISH.

Aerial Societies:—

Royal Aero Club.

Aerial League.

Aeronautical Society. (Premier Society, founded 1866.)

Brooklands Aero Club.

There were once a great many local aero clubs, but the majority of these have ceased to exist and with one or two possible exceptions all the rest are moribund.

Aerial Journals, etc.:—

Aeronautical Journal. Quarterly. 53, Victoria St., London, S.W.

Aeronautics. 3d. monthly. 27, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.

The Aero. 6d. monthly. 20, Tudor St., London, E.C.

Flight. 3d. every Saturday. 44, St. Martins Lane, London, W.C. (Official organ of the R. Ae. C.)

The Aeroplane. 1d. weekly, 166, Piccadilly, London.

All the World's Aircraft. 21/-. Annual. 100, Southwark Street, London, S.E. and 5, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.

In addition, the Car Illustrated and the Motor devote considerable space to aerial matters.

Principal Flying Grounds:—

Aldershot.—Army school.

Brighton, Shoreham Aerodrome. Aero school.

Brooklands.—Bristol school.

Camber Sands, Rye, Sussex.—At low tide moderately hard sand and soft places. Area two miles by one mile.

Dagenham (Aeronautical Society).

Dartford Marsh.—Vickers school.

Dunstall Park, Wolverhampton.

Eastbourne. Aerodrome School.

Eastchurch, Sheppey.—(R. Ae. C.) 350 acres. Sheds. Members only. R. Naval school.

Filey.—Blackburn school.

Hendon.—Grahame-White, Blackburn, Bleriot, Deperdussin, Temple and Ewen schools.

Lanark.—Deperdussin school.

Liverpool (Melly school).

Llandudno & North Wales.—Aerodrome.

Mapplin Sands, Essex.—(Foulness). Very hard sand at low tide. Area ten miles by four miles. Property of War Office. Flying forbidden in winter.

Salisbury Plain.—Bristol school. Vast space available. Plenty of fairly smooth ground. Army school.

Shoreham.—(See Brighton).

Upavon. Central flying school (R. Flying Corps.)

BRITISH MILITARY AVIATION.

Royal Flying Corps.

In 1912 the Royal Flying Corps was instituted. It consists of two wings, navy and army, with a central flying school at Upavon, Salisbury Plain.

The staff is as follows:—

Commandant: Paine, Capt. G.M., M.V.O., R.N.
Secretary: Lidderdale, Asst. Paymaster J.H., R.N.
Medical Officer: Lithgow, Capt. E.G.R., R.A.M.C.
Quarter-Master: Kirby, Hon. Lieut. (Qr.-Mr.), V.C.
Instructor in Theory and Construction: Cook, Lieut.-Col. H. R., R.A.
Instructor in Meteorology: Dobson, G., Esq.
Instructors in Flying:
Fulton, Capt. J. D. B., R.A.
Gerrard, Capt. E. L., R.M.
Shepherd, Lieut. P. A., R.N.
Trenchard, Mt. Maj. H. M., D.S.O., R. Sc. Fus.
Salmond, Capt. J. M., R. Lanc. R.
Inspector of Engines: Randall, Eng.-Lieut. C. R. J., R.N.

Royal Aircraft Factory.

This is situated at Farnborough. Mervyn O'Gorman is superintendent. There are large sheds. Some B E biplanes have been built here, but the principal object of the factory is understood to be repairs and maintenance.

Naval Wing Royal Flying Corps, Aeroplane Section.

There is a special Air Department at the Admiralty with Captain M. F. Sueter, as Director, Commander O. Schwann and Lieut. C. L'Estrange-Malone, as Assistants, Eng. Lieut. G. W. S. Aldwell, as Eng. Inspector.

Officers are graded Flying Officers, then Flight Commanders, thence to Squadron Commanders.

The flying school is at Eastchurch, Sheppey. Commander Sampson, S.C., in command. There are at present four air stations: (1) Isle of Grain, (2) Calshot, (3) Harwich, (4) Yarmouth.

At the end of March, 1913, the total number of aeroplanes including those on order, school machines, etc., was about 32; of which about 16 were effective for war purposes or available at short notice.

These machines were as follows:—

7 monoplanes ( = 1 Bleriot, 2 Deperdussin, 1 Etrich, 1 Nieuport, 2 Short).
15 biplanes ( = 1 Avro, 2 Bristol, 1 Breguet, 1 Caudron, 2 H. Farman, 1 M. Farman, 5 Short, 2 Sopwith).
10 hydro-avions ( = 1 Astra, 1 Avro, 2 Borel, 1 Donnet-Leveque, 1 H. Farman, 1 M. Farman, 3 Short).

The personnel is as follows (number after names is the R. Ae. C. brevet number):—

Squadron Commanders.

Gerrard, Capt. F. L., R. M. (76)
Gordon, Capt., R. M. (161)
Gregory, Lieut. (75)
L'Estrange-Malone, Lieut. C. (195)
Longmore, Lieut.
Sampson, Com. C. R. (71)
Shepherd, Lieut. P. A. (215)

Flight Commanders.

Courtney, Lieut. I. T. (R. M.)
Grey, Lieut. Spencer (117)
Risk, Capt. C. E., R. M. (303)
Seddon, Lieut. J. W. (296)

Flying Officers.

Those marked * are under instruction, not yet graded.

*Agar, Lieut. A.W.S.
Babington, Lieut. J.T. (408)
Bigsworth, Lieut. A.W. (390)
*Bobbett, Boatswain H.C. (334)
Bowhill, Lieut. F.W. (397)
*Brodribb, Lieut. F.G. (481)
Courtney, Lieut. I.T., R.M.
Courtney, Lieut. C.L. (328)
*Davies, Lieut. R.B. (90)

*Edmonds, Lieut. G.H.K.
*Fawcett, Capt. H., R.M.
*Gaskell, Lieut. A.B.
*Hathorn, Lieut. G.H.V., R.M.
Hewlett, Sub. Lieut., F.E.J.
Kennedy, Lieut. J.B.
*Maude, Lieut. C.E.
*Noyes, Asst. Paymaster, C.R.F.

Oliver, Lieut. E.A. (425)
*Parker, Asst. Paymaster E.B. (415)
Rathbone, Lieut., C.E., R.M.
Ross, Lieut. R.P. (422)
*Sitwell, Lieut. W.G.
Travers, Lieut. J.L.
Vernon, Lieut. H.D. (404)
Wildman-Lushington, Lt. G.V., R.M.A.

The following R.N. officers and men are aviators employed in various duties at the Admiralty, at the Central Flying School or at Eastchurch:—

Aldwell, Eng. Lieut. G.W.S.
Andrews, J.C. (372)
Ashton, Ldg. Seaman
Batemad, Able Seaman P.E. (446)
Briggs, Eng. Lieut. E.F.
Brownridge, Carp.
Collins, Art. Eng. J.V.

Cresswell, Lieut. T.S., R.M. (420)
Deakin, A. (333)
Gerrard, Capt., R.M. (76)
L'Estrange-Malone, Lieut. C. (195)
Lidderdale, Asst. Paymaster H.J. (402)
O'Connor, Art. Eng. T. (280)
Paine, Capt. G.M. (217)

Randall, Eng. Lieut. (81)
Schwann, Com. O. (203)
Scarff, Art. Eng. F.W.
Shaw, Shipwright D. (465)
Shepherd, Lieut. P. (288)
Susans, F. (380)
Wells, Staff. Surg. H.V.

The following have privately secured pilot certificates in the years mentioned but are not employed in the R.F.C. for aeroplane work. Some of them, however (D), are employed in the airship section:—

1911.

Bower, Lieut. J.A. (161)
Clark-Hall, Lieut. (127)
Leveson-Gower, Com.
Williamson, Lieut. (150)
Williamson, Lieut. H.A. (160)

Naval. 1912.

Blatherwick, Lieut. G. (450)
Brown, Com. A M.T. (345)
Edwards, Lieut. C.H.H.
D Freeman Williams, Lt. F.A.P.(202)
Head, Lieut, G.G.W. (191)
Hooper, Sub. Lt. C.W.W. (382)
Johnson, Capt. C.D.
D Masterman, Com. E.A.D. (Ae.C.F.)
Prickett, Lieut. C.B. (381)
Trewin, Asst. Paymaster (294)
D Usborne, Lieut. N.F. (449)
Wheeler, Mid. N.F. (370)

Naval. 1913.

D Boothby, Lieut. F.L.M. (Ae.C.F.)
Brady, B.J.W. (394)
Brown, Lieut. A.C.G. (398)
Dobie, Lieut. W.F.R. (448)
Fitzmaurice, Lieut. R. (447)
Freeman, S.T. (393)
Littleton, Sub. Lieut. H.A. (405)
Picton-Warlow, Lieut. W. (451)
Ross, Lieut. R.P. (422)

Army Wing Royal Flying Corps, Aeroplane Section.

The Army wing has its headquarters at S. Farnborough, its constitution being as follows:—

1st squadron (airships or kites) see Dirigible Section.
2nd squadron (aeroplanes) base at Montrose.
3rd squadron (aeroplanes) base at Salisbury Plain.
4th squadron (aeroplanes) base at S. Farnborough.
(Four more aeroplane squadrons pro.)

An aeroplane squadron nominally consists of 18 aeroplanes (9 in service, 9 remounts). At the end of March, 1913, the total number of aeroplanes, including those on order, school machines, etc., was about 110, of which about 50 (including some monoplanes not in use) were effective for war purposes or available at short notice.

The total of 110 was thus made up:—

22 monoplanes (= 2 Bleriot, 4 Bristol, 5 Deperdussin, 4 Howard-Flanders, 1 Martinsyde, 6 Nieuport).
86 biplanes (= 4 Avro, 22 B.E. type,[A] various makers), 2 Breguet, 2 Caudrons, 30 Farman (various types),
6 Short—and about 20 Avro or Farman or Short not delivered.

Squadron Commanders.

Brooke-Popham, Capt. H.R.M. (108)
Burke, Capt, C.J. (46) (Ae.C.F. 260)
Carden, Lt. A. D. (239)
Cook, Lt.-Col. H. R. (42)
Fulton, Major J. D. B. (27)
Raleigh, Capt. G. H. (196)
Trenchard, Major H. M. (270)

Flight Commanders.

Allen, Capt. C. R. W. (159)
Beor, Lt. B. R. W. (R.A.) (185)
Becke, Capt. J. H. W. (236)
Connor, Lt. D. G. (54)
Fox, Lt. A. G. (176)
Higgins, Major J. F. A. (R.A.) (264)
Longcroft, Lt. C. A. H. (192)
Reynolds, Lt. H. R. P. (R.E.)
Salmond, Capt. J. M.
Webb-Bowen, Capt. T. I. (242)

Flying Officers.

Abercromby, 2nd Lt. R. O. (134)
Allen, Lt. D. L. (318)
Anderson, Lt. E. V. (247)
Atkinson, Lt. K. P. (267)
Barrington-Kennett, Lt. B. H. (Adjutant) (43)
Beatty, Capt. W. D. (89)
*Birch, Lt. W. C. K. (375)
Board, Capt. A. G. S. (36)
Boyle, Lt. the Hon. D. G.
Burchardt-Ashton, Lt. A. E.
Burroughs, Lt. J. E. G.
Carmichael, Lt. G. I. (316)
*Chinnery, Lt. E. F. (211)
Cholmondeley, Lt. R. (271)
*Christie, Lt. A. (R.A.) (245)
Conran, Lt. E. L. (342)
*Corbalis, Lt. E. R. L.
Darbyshire, Capt. C. (257)
Dawes, Lt. L. (228)
Dawes, Capt. G. W. P. (17)
*Gill, Lt. N. J. (174)
Glanville, Lt. H. F. (307)

Gould, 2nd Lt. C. G. S. (282)
Harvey, Lt. E. G.
*Harvey-Kelley, Lt. H. D.
Herbert, Capt. P. L. W. (244)
Holt, Lt. A. V. (312)
Hubbard, 2nd Lt. T. O. B. (202)
Hynes, Lt. G. B. (R.A.) (40)
James, Lt. B. T.
Joubert, de la F. Lt. P. B. (280)
Lawrence, Lt. W.
MacDonnell, Capt. H. C. (273)
MacClean, Lt. A. C. H.
*Mapplebeck, Lt. G. W. C. (386)
Martyn, Lt. R. B.
Mead, Sergt. J. (475)
Mellor, Capt. C. (155)
*Mills, Lt. R. P. (377)
Moss, Bt.-Major L. B. (241)
*Musgrave, Capt. H. (R.E.)
*Mulcahy-Morgan, Lt. T. W.
*Noel, Lt. M. W. (416)
Pepper, Lt. J. W. (98)

*Picton-Warlow, Lt. W. (451)
Playfair, 2nd Lt. P. H. L. (283)
*Pretyman, Lt. G. F. (341)
Porter, Lt. G. T. (R.A.) (169)
Pryce, Hon. Lt. W. J. D. (Qr.-mr.)
*Read, Lt. A. M. (336)
*Rodwell, Lt. R. M.
Roupell, 2nd Lt N. S. (237)
Shepherd, Capt. G. S. (215)
Soames, Lt. A. H. L.
Small, Lt. F. G. D. (429)
*Small, Lt. R. G. (343)
Smith-Barry, 2nd Lt. R. R. (161)
Stopford. Lt. G. B.
*Todd, Lt. E. (185)
Thompson, Lt. A. B.
Tucker, Capt. F. St. G.
*Vaughan, 2nd Lt. R. M.
Wadham, 2nd Lt. V. H. N. (243)
Waldron, Lt. F. F. (260)
Wanklyn, Lt. F. A. (284)

Reserve.

Ashmore, Major E. B. (281)
Bell, 2nd Lt. C. G. (100)
De Havilland, 2nd Lt. G. (53)
Hartree. 2nd Lt. A. (214)

Henderson, Col. D. (118)
Marks, Lt. C. H. (83)
Pizey, 2nd Lt. C. P. (61)
Salmond, Capt. W. G. H.

Smith, Lt. S. C. W.
Unwin, Lt. E. F.
Warter, 2nd Lt. H. de V. (107)

Special Reserve. (2nd Lieuts. on probation.)

Biard, H. C., de la F. (218)
Busteed, H. R. (194)
Charteris, R. L. (197)
Cutler, H. D. (189)
Davies, E. K. (22)
*Fuller, E. N. (325)
Fuller, H. C. (Ae. C. F.)

Gibson. W. E. (129)
Hammond, J. J. (32)
Humphreys, G. N. (390)
Lerwill, F. W. H.
Metford, L. S. (146)
Perry, E. W. C. (130)
Rickards, G. B. (400)

Sippe, S. V. (172)
Spratt, N. C. (339)
Ware, D. C.
Wilson, C. D. (Ae. C. F. 136)
*Wilson, C. W. (329)
Young, D. G. (207)

The following have qualified privately, R. Ae. C. brevets, but are not at present employed in the Aeroplane Section:—

1910.

Gibb, Lt. (10)
Snowden Smith, Lt. (29)
Watkins, Lt. H. E. (25)
Wood, Capt. H. F. (37)

1911.

Blacker, Lt. (12)
Cross, Lt. (151)
Dickson, Capt. (Ae. C. F. 260)
Harford, Lt. (152)
Harrison, Capt. (158)
Hoare, Capt. (126)

Hooper, Lt. (149)
Hutchinson, Capt. Steele (143)
Manisty, Lt. G. (135)
Pitcher, Capt. (125)
Sebag-Montefiore, Lt. (93)
Smeaton, Lt.-Col. (115)
Strover, Lt. E. J. (145)

1912.

Agnew, Capt. C. H. (240)
Alston, Capt. R. C. W. (255)
Ashton, Lt. A. E. B. (201)
Bannerman, Major Sir A. (213)
Boger, Capt. R. (335)
Borton, Lt. A. E. (170)
Boyle, Capt. M. (241)
Brodigan, Lt. F. J. (200)
Broke-Smith, Capt. D. W. (204)
Bulkeley, Lt. H. T. (246)
Carfrae, Lt. G. T. (188)
Chamier, Capt. J. A. (340)
Cordner, Capt. R. H. L. (277)
Ellington, Capt. E. L. (305)
Empsom, Lt. J. (387)

Fielding, L. H. C. (212)
Fletcher, Lt. (229)
Hanlon, Lt. D. R. (311)
Jones, Lt. B. T. (230)
Lewis, Lt. D. (216)
Mackay, Lt. M. E. (177)
Mackworth, Lt. J. D. (209)
Martin-Barry, Lt. (Ae. C. F.)
McCudden, Capt. J. H. (269)
Miller, Capt. G. R. (313)
Murray, Lt. R. G. H. (320)
Nicholas, Capt. C. P. (266)
Penn-Gaskell, Lt. L. de C. (308)
Percival, Lt. D. (226)

Pollok, Lt. R. V. (379)
Powell, Capt. D. W. (389)
Price, Capt. C. L. (299)
Rawson, Lt. K. (249)
Reilly, Lt. H. L. (252)
Ridd, Corporal F. (227)
Roger, Capt. R. (335)
Stott, Capt. J. N. J. (373)
Styles, Lt. F. E. (338)
Thomas, Staff-Sergt. (276)
Trevenon, Lt. B. J. (230)
Weeding, Capt. (182)
Winfield-Smith, Lt. S. G. (187)
Worthington-Wilmer, Lt. F. M. (254)

1913.

Archer, Lt. R. H. (434)
Bayly, Lt. C. G. G. (441)
Bruce, Sergt. W. R. (467)
Bourke, Lt. U. J. D. (479)
Cameron, Major N. J. (478)
Chidson, Lt. M. R. (471)
Crogan, Lt. F. J. L. (460)
Harrison, Lt.
Hawker, Lt. L. G. (435)

Hordern, Lt. L. C. (440)
Hosking, Lt. C. G. (472)
Hunter, Sergt.
Kemper, Sergt. K. (444)
Lee, Lt. C. F. (431)
Maclean, Lt. L. L. (427)
Marshall, Lt. R. (470)
McMullern, Lt. J. D. (436)

Merrick, Major G. C. (484)
Mitchell, Lt. W. G. S. (483)
Read, Lt. W. R. (463)
Rees, Lt. Col. W. B. (392)
Stafford, Sergt. W. G. (438)
Street, Sergt. E. J. (439)
Thomas, Sergt. Major
Vagg, Sergt. H. R. (443)

The above figures are mainly taken from The Aeroplane, 1st May, 1913.

* = under instruction; not yet graded.

[A] Twelve of these B.E. were held up pending some special steel wire strainers which had been specified.

BRITISH AVIATORS—PRIVATE.
PRIVATE AVIATORS.

(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the R. Ae. C. pilot certificate number).

To end of 1911.

Abbott, C. R. (101)
Aitken, A. H. (56)
Anderson, J. A. (164)
Archer, Ernest (Ae. C. F. 214)
Ballard, F. M. (151)
Barber, H. (30)
Barnes, G. A. (16)
Blackburn, H. (79)
Bowens, R. G. (39)
Boyle, Hon. Alan (13)
Bretherton, John (136)
Breton, J. (136)
Brown, H. B. (109)
Chataway, J. D. (167)
Challenger, G. H. (58)
Chambers, C. F. M. (168)
Cockburn, G. B. (5)
Cockerell, P. (132)
Cody, S. F. (9)
Conway-Jenkins, F. (74)
Crawshay, R. (133)
Colmore, G. C. (15)
Dacre, G. B. (162)
Darroch, G. R. S. (59)
Dolphin, W. H. (82)
Dunkinfield-Jones (138)
Ducroq, M. (23)
Dyott, G. M. (114)
Driver, E. F. (110)
Egerton, M. Hon. (11)
England, Gordon (68)
Esterre, C. R. (Ae. C. F. 259)
Ewen, W. H. (63)
Fleming, H. R. (69)
George, A. E. (19)
Graham-White, Claud (6) (Ae. C. F. 30)
Gresswell, C. H. (26)

Grey, W. H. de (107)
Halse, E. (131)
Hamel, Gustav (64) (Ae. C. F. 358)
Harding, Howard (Ae. C. F. 213)
Harrison, Eric (131)
Hewlett, Mrs. (122)
Higginbotham, Gerald (96)
Hilliard, W. M. (102)
Hubert, Charles (57)
Hotchkiss, E. (87)
Houdini, Harry
Hucks, B. G. (91)
Hunter, A. (137)
Johnston, St. Croix, P. G. (41)
Johnstone, W. Barnley (103)
Kemp, R. C. (80)
Keith-Davies, E.
King
Knight, Archibald (60)
Lawrence, W. (113)
Longstaffe, J. L. (140)
Loraine, Robert (Ae. C. F. 126)
Low, A. R. (34)
Macdonald, L. F. (28)
Maron, Louis (62)
Martin, J. V. Mrs. (55)
Macfie, R. (49)
McArdle, W. E. (Ae. C. F.)
M'Clean, F. K. (21)
Mellersh, O. S. (155)
Melly, H. G. (Ae. C. F.)
Moorhouse, W. B. R. (147)
Morrison, O. C. (46)
Moore-Brabazon, J. (1)
Noel, Louis (116)
Ogilvie, A. (7)

Pashley, Cecil L. (106)
Pashley, E. C. (139)
Paterson, C. E. (38)
Paul, E. A. (Ae. C. F.)
Percival, N. S. (111)
Petre, H. A. (128)
Philpott, R. W. (81)
Pixton, H. (50)
Prentice, W. R. (67)
Radley, J. (12)
Rawlinson, A. (3)
Raynham, F. P. (85)
Roe, A. V. (18)
Salmet, H. (99)
Sassoon, E. V. (52)
Santoni, L.
Singer, A. M. (8) (Ae. C. F. 24)
Slack, R. B. (157)
Smith, S. E. (33)
Smith, W. W. (Ae. C. F.)
Spencer, H. (124)
Somers-Somerset (Ae. C. F. 151)
Sopwith, T. (31)
Stanley-Adams, H. (97)
Stark (Ae. C. F. 110)
Stocks, Mrs. C. de B. (153)
Thomas, J. H. (51)
Travers, J. L. (86)
Turner, C. C. (70)
Turner, L. W. F. (66)
Valentine, J. (47)
Watt, W. O. (112)
Weir, J. D. (24)
Weston, John (Ae. C. F.)
Wickham, R. F. (20)
Woodward, G. A. T. (Ae. C. F.)

To end of 1912.

Barnwell, R. H. (278)
Beech, A. C. (Ae. C. F.)
Bendall, W. (180)
Bettington, A. V. (326)
Birch, E. (322)
Brock, W. L. (285)
Cheeseman, W. E. (293)
Featherstone, W. (384)
Fowler, F. H. (221)
Gates, R. T. (225)
Garne, T. (173)
Geere, A. E. (310)
Gill, R. W. R. (258)
Hall, H. W. (332)
Hall, J. L. (291)
Hardman, W. L. (323)

Harrison, W. J. (275)
Hawker, H. G. (297)
Hedley, W. S. (274)
Hewitt, V. (302)
Higginbotham, V. C. (317)
Holyoake, R. G. (268)
James, J. H. (315)
James, H. H. (344)
Kershaw, R. H. (248)
Lister, R. A. (250)
Nesham, H. P. (219)
Nevill, M. R. (223)
Manton, M. D. (231)
Meredith, C. W. (193)
Merriam, F. W. (179)

Parr, S. (184)
Payze, Arthur (337)
Potet, A. (224)
Prensiel, G. (198)
Simms, R. H. (261)
Stodart, Dr. D. E. (321)
Summerfield, S. (292)
Sutton, E. F. (295)
Sweetman-Powell, H. (251)
Taylor, V. P. (376)
Tremlett, L. A. (208)
Wood, V. G. (171)
Wynne, A. M. (314)
Wright, H. S. (331)
Yates, V. (306)

1913 (Brevets from 400 onward).

Andreas, F. G. (477)
Barron, J. C. (480)
Hodgson, W. P. (433)
Kehrmann, J. C. (420)
King, R. A. (482)
Lane, H. T. G. (418)
Lawford, E. H. (442)

Macandrew, H. E. W. (401)
Macneill, W. (Ae. C. F.)
McNamara, J. C. (445)
Minchin, F. R. (419)
Muller, P. M. (432)
Temple, G. L. (424)

Thompson, A. B. A. (452)
Tower, H. C. (466)
Rainey, T. H. (474)
Russell, A. L. (406)
Stewart, H. (473)
Strain, L. H. (476)

The following British aviators have been killed:

1910.

Rolls, Hon. C. (2)

1911.

Benson, R.
Cammell, Lieut. (45)
Grace, Cecil (4)
Napier (104)
Oxley, H. (78)
Ridge, T. (119)
Smith, V.[B]

1912.

Allen, D. L. (183)
Astley, J. H. D. (48)
Bettington, Lt. C. A. (256)
Campbell, Lindsay (220)
Clark, Miss J.
Fenwick, R. C. (35)
Fisher, E. V. B. (77)
Gilmour, Graham (Ae. C. F.)
Hardwick, A.
Hamilton, Capt. P. (194)
Hotchkiss, Lieut.
Loraine, Capt. (154)
Petre, Edward (259)
Parke, Lieut. W. (73)
Wilson, St. Serg. (232)
Wyness-Stuart, Lt. A.

1913.

Arthur, Lt. Desmond (233)
Berne, Paym'st'r (R.N.)
England, G. (301)
Macdonald, L. F.
Rogers-Harrison, Lieut. L. C. (205)

[B] Killed in Russia.

BRITISH AEROPLANES

A

AIRCRAFT FACTORY.

Royal Aircraft Factory, Farnborough, near Aldershot. For a long time this establishment had been engaged in dirigible construction and repairs. In 1911 it was decided to expand it in connection with the Royal Flying Corps. Its precise functions are somewhat uncertain. Its nominal main purpose is the repair, etc., of Service Aircraft. During 1912, however, it turned out several machines to a design of its own, known as the "B.E." This design was at one time regarded as confidential; but subsequently duplicates were built by private contractors, and the design illustrated below, published by the Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.

B.E. type. R.A.F. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Length, 29½ feet (9 m.)

Span.—36¾ feet (11.20 m.)

Area.—374 sq. feet (34¾ m².)

Weight.—

Motor.—75 h.p. Renault and others.

Speed.—

AERO'S Ltd.

St. James' Street, Norwich Union Buildings, Piccadilly, London, S.W. Established 1912 for the sale of all parts and accessories; also for the sale of second hand aeroplanes and motors of all makes. Does not construct at present.

AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING Co., Ltd.

47, Victoria Street, London, S.W. Works: Hendon, London, N.W. This company established in 1912, holds all the British rights for the H. & M. Farman types. It constructs in England all Farman types at its own works. (See Farman, French).

AVRO. Aeroplanes.

A. V. Roe & Co., Clifton Street, Miles Platting, Manchester; also Shoreham, Sussex. A. V. Roe designed his first machine, a biplane, in 1906. It was the first British machine to leave the ground. He then experimented with triplanes in Lea Marshes, where he managed to fly with only 9 h.p. in 1908-9. In August, 1910, built Roe III, and in September, Roe IV, also triplanes (see 1911 edition for full details). In 1911 he abandoned triplanes for the Avro biplane. School: Shoreham.

Photo, Alan H. Burgoyne, Esq., M.P.

Type D (1911).

Model.
D 1911-12.
2-seater biplane.
E 1912.
2-seater biplane.
F 1912.
Totally enclosed mono.
G 1912-13.
Totally enclosed biplane.
E 1912-13.
Hydro-biplane.

Length
feet (m.)
31 (9.45)
29 (8.84)
23 (7)
29 (8.84)
33 (10)

Span
feet (m.)
31 (9.45)
36 (11)
28 (8.50)
36 (11)
47½ (14.50)

Area
sq. ft. (m².)
279 (26)
335 (32)
158 (14½)
335 (32)
478 (34½)

Weight
empty lbs. (kgs.)
800 (363)
900 (482)
550 (249)
1191 (540)
1740 (789)

fully loaded, lbs. (kgs.)
...
1300 (589)
800 (363)
1700 (771)
2700 (1224)

Motor
h.p.
35, any make
50 Gnome
40 Viale
60 Green
100 Gnome

Speed
m.p.h. (km.)
48 (78)
61 (97)
65 (105)
61.8 (100)
55 (90)

Number built during 1912
several
6
1
1
1

Remarks.—Of the above, 4 of the 50 Gnome E type were purchased by the British Royal Flying Corps, and one by the Portuguese Government; the other went to Windermere on January, 1913, for hydro experiments. Climbing speed of this type is 440 feet per min. (134 m.) Dual control fitted. D type are no longer being built. Climbing speed of F type, 300 feet per min. (91.5 m.) Gliding angle, 1 in 6. G has a gliding angle 1 in 6.5. On October 24th, 1912, made British record to date, 7'31½" (=450 miles). The hydro. was delivered to the British R.F.C. naval wing early in 1913.

Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Avro. Type D (1911-12).

E type Standard 50 h.p. Avro Biplane.

No suitable photo available.

The machine is on usual lines. The first had a single float, but now two floats are used.

E type 100 h.p. Avro Hydro-biplane.

F type Enclosed Avro Mono.

G type Enclosed Avro Biplane.

B

BLACKBURN Aeroplanes.

Blackburn Aeroplane Co., Balm Road, Leeds. Blackburn produced his first machine early in 1910 (see 1911 edition for details). In the latter part of that year he designed the machine which ultimately developed into the Blackburn military. In 1911 other types were produced, all being fitted with the patent Blackburn triple control. School at Filey Hucks has been the principal Blackburn flyer. The type has also been very successfully flown by naval officers. Capacity of works: about 24 a year.

1912-13.
Military. 2-seater.
1912-13.
Military. 1-seater.
1913.
Hydro-biplane. 2-seater.

Length

32 feet (9.75 m.)
25 feet (7.60 m.)
33 feet (10 km.)

Span

40 feet (12.20 m.)
32 feet (9.75 m.)
44 & 36 ft. (13.40 & 11 km.)

Area

276 sq. ft. (26 m².)
195 sq. ft. (18 m².)
410 sq. ft. (38 m².)

Weight
(total)
...
750 lbs. (340 kgs.)
1250 lbs. (507 kgs.)

Motor
h.p.
...
50 Gnome.
80 Gnome or 100 Anzani

Speed

55-65 m. (90-105 km.)
60 m. (97 km.)
65 m. (105 km.)

Notes.—Petrol for 5 hours (higher endurances can be fitted). Specially designed for military work—all steel construction. All parts unwelded to admit of rapid displacement. Clear observation provided for.

Fuselage.—The fuselage is V shaped and constructed of weldless steel tubing in the form of a lattice girder. The main longitudinals are of round section; cross members, oval section. Connections are not welded but made with strong steel clips so that should any member become damaged a new one can be readily arranged. The front portion is covered with sheet metal giving additional strength and reducing the head resistance. Stream line form tapering towards the rear which is covered with fabric.

Chassis.—Two long skids connected up to fuselage by metal struts. Each skid borne by a pair of wheels, axle held down by elastic shock absorbers. On the axle of the wheels are fitted steel springs which take side thrust. Each pair of wheels held by radius rods forming a bogie.

Control.—Patent Blackburn triple, independent or simultaneous on hand wheel, but special foot control for rudder is fitted if desired.

In 1912, five machines were built, of which two were of the mil. model. Others, non-military models (see last edition.)

Military monoplane.

BRISTOL.

The British & Colonial Aeroplane Co., Ltd., Filton House, Bristol. Founded 1910. Capital (1913), ? Have very extensive works (area. ? sq. feet) on the outskirts of Bristol, employing over 300 men, where they manufacture to their own designs practically every type of flying machine. Flying grounds: Salisbury Plain, Brooklands. 105 Royal Aero Club certificates won on Bristol machines during 1912 (of which 86 were officers of His Majesty's Forces).

Military mono.
2-seater 80hp
1912-13.
Military mono.
2-seater. 50h.p.
1912-12.
Tractor biplane
1913.
School mono.
Side by side.

Length
feet (m.)
28¼ (8.60)
23-2/3 (7.20)
27¾ (8.47)

Span
feet (m.)
42-1/3 (12.90)
39-1/3 (12)
34-1/3 (10.44)

Area
sq. feet (m².)
221 (20.6)
226 (22)
370 (34.4)

Total
machine, lbs. (kgs.)
1719 (771)
1323 (600)
1764 (800)

weight
useful lbs. (kgs.)
710 (322)
551 (250)
1200 (544)

Motor
h.p.
80 Gnome
50 Gnome
70 Renault
50 Gnome

Speed
max. m.p.h. (km.)
73 (118)
62 (100)
70 (112)

min. m.p.h. (km.)
...
...
...

Endurance
hrs.
4
3-4
...

Number built during 1912
...
...
...

Notes.—Monoplane: Box section fuselage convex on bottom side to minimise resistance. Mounted on 2 wheels and 2 skids with smaller wheels attached at the forward end. Bristol tractor. Biplane: Box section fuselage, convex on top and bottom sides. Mounted as monoplane. Bristol tractor. This machine is the latest production of the Bristol Co., and has proved an exceptionally successful flyer. Designed by M. Coanda.

80 h.p. monoplane. 80 h.p. monoplane.

70 h.p. biplane. Uniform Aeroplane Scale 70 h.p. biplane. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

BLERIOT Aeronautics.

Belfast Chambers, 156, Regent Street, London, W. School: Hendon. British office of the Bleriot firm (see France).

BRITISH BREGUET CO.,

1, Albemarle Street, Piccadilly, London, W. Works and offices: 5, Hythe Road, Cumberland Park, Willesden, London, N.W. Established 1912. Constructs in England Breguet models, some of which are beginning to vary in detail from the originals (see France).

BRITISH CAUDRON.

(See Ewen.)

BRITISH DEPERDUSSINS.

British Deperdussin Aeroplane Co., Ltd., 39, Victoria Street, Westminster, London, S.W. School: Hendon.

Chairman: Admiral The Hon. Sir E. R. Freemantle, G.C.B., C.M.G.

Managing Directors: Lieut. J. C. Porte, R.N., D. Laurence Santoni.

Secretary: N. D. Thompson.

This firm handles the French models of Deperdussins, but has in addition a special hydro-aeroplane of its own, of which one was built in 1912. Details of this special machine are:—Length, 27 feet 10 inches (8.50 m.) Span, 42 feet (12.80 m.) Area, 290 sq. feet (27 m².) Weight, total, 1,800 lbs. (816 kg.); useful, 1,250 lbs. (566 kg.) Motor, 100 h.p. Anzani. Speed, 67 m.p.h. (110 k.m.) Other models sold by the firm are of French type exactly (see France).

BRITISH DONNET-LEVEQUE.

Handled by Aeros, Ltd., 39, St. James' Street, Piccadilly, London, S.W. Company forming March, 1913 (see France). Works and school at Shoreham.

BRITISH FARMANS.

(See Aircraft Co.)

BRITISH HANRIOTS.

Hewlett & Blondeau, Omnia Works, Vardens Road, Clapham Junction, London, S.W. Construct all types of Hanriot machines (see France), also build to private specifications, and deal in accessories generally.

BRITISH NIEUPORTS.

Company forming 1913. Representative: M. Bonnier, 2, Goulders Green Crescent, London, N.W.

C

CODY.

Cody flying school, Farnborough. Cody commenced experiments with kites in very early days on behalf of the British Admiralty. Subsequently built the first British Army dirigible, and an experimental Army aeroplane. In 1909, his direct connection with the Army ceased. A Cody I was built in 1908. A Cody II was completed June 1910. The special features of both were: very strong construction, great size (II had area of 857 sq. feet), ailerons. Later types, except that warping is substituted for ailerons, do not differ very materially except in minor details. All wood construction.

1911.
4-seater biplane.
1913.
4-seater biplane.
Model. May, 1912.
Monoplane.

Length
feet (m.)
38 (11.60)
38 (11.60)
38 (11.60)

Span
feet (m.)
43 (13)
43 (13)
43½ (13.25)

Area
sq. feet (m².)
484 (44¾)
483 (44¾)
260 (19)

Weight
total lbs. (kgs.)
1900 (862)
1900 (862)
2400 (1088)

useful lbs. (kgs.)
1000 (453)
1000 (453)
700

Motor

60 Green, later a 100 Green
120 Aust. Daimler
120 Aust. Daimler

Speed
max m.p.h. (km.)
70 (115)
75 (120)
83 (135)

min m.p.h. (km.)
47 (75)
47 (75)
58 (95)

Number built to end of last year
1
1
1

Remarks.—The 1911 is the famous Cody, which, as a 60 h.p., won both Michelin 1911 prizes, and completed the Daily Mail circuit. As a 100 h.p. it won the 1912 Michelin cross-country. By the end of 1912 it is said to have flown a total of 7000 miles. The 1913 is practically a duplicate with a more powerful engine. Special features of the biplanes, maximum camber to lower plane. Both planes equal span. Very strong landing gear. Propeller chain driven: 1¾ to 1 gearing. In February, 1913, four biplanes were ordered for the British Army.

Cody lists a mono. for 1913 a trifle longer than the above; also five variations on the biplane of from 35 to 160 h.p., which can be built if required.

Biplane. Biplane.

COVENTRY ORDNANCE.

The Coventry Ordnance Works, Ltd., Coventry. London office: 28, Broadway, Westminster, S.W. Established 1912. Capacity: 50 machines a year without difficulty.

1912.
Model 10.

Length
feet (m.)
29 (8.80)

Span
feet (m.)
56 (17)

Area
sq. feet (m².)
630 (58)

Weight
total lbs. (kgs.)
1900 (861)

useful lbs. (kgs.)
800 (362)

Motor
h.p.
100 Gnome

Speed
max. m.p.h. (km.)
60 (97)

min. m.p.h. (km.)
...

Endurance
hrs.
...

Number Built during 1912
2

Remarks.—Experimental machines.

D

DUNNE.

The Blair Atholl Aeroplane Syndicate, Ltd., 1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. School: Eastchurch. In 1906 Lieut. Dunne was employed by the British Army authorities for secret aeroplane experiments. He had at that time patented a monoplane of < type. In 1907 Dunne I was tried on the Duke of Atholl's estate in Scotland, but failed to fly, being smashed on the starting apparatus. Dunne III, a glider, 1908, was experimented with successfully by Lieut. Gibbs. In the same year Dunne IV, a larger power driven edition made hops of 50 yards or so. Early in 1910 the War Office abandoned the experiments. Dunne II, a triplane of 1906 design, was, by consent of the War Office, assigned to Prof. Huntingdon, who made one or two short flights with it at Eastchurch in 1910. At the same time the above syndicate was formed, and Dunne V, built by Short Bros., was completed in June, 1910. In 1912-13 the Huntingdon, modified, was flying well.

Model and Date.
50 Gnome.
1912-13
single-seat
mono.
D 7.
1912-13
2-seater
mono.
D 7 bis.
1912-13
biplane.
D 8.
1912-13
biplane.
D 9.

Length
feet (m.)
not given
...
...
...

Span
feet (m.)
35 (10.66)
35 (10.66)
46 (14)
45 (13.70)

Area
sq. feet (m².)
200 (18.5)
200 (18.5)
552 (51)
448 (42)

Weight
total lbs. (kgs.)
1050 (476)
1200 (544)
1700 (771)
1693 (768)

useful lbs. (kgs.)
359 (161)
528 (239)
414 (187)
509 (231)

Motor
h.p.
50 Gnome
70 Gnome
60 Green
80 Gnome

Speed
m.p.h. (km.)
60 (95)
60 (95)
45 (70)
50 (80)

Number built during 1912
1
1
1
5 b'lding ('13)

Notes.—Biplane D 3 is identical with the original pattern Dunne V, except that it has only one propeller instead of two. It has been flown completely uncontrolled in a 20 m.p.h. wind, carrying a R. Ae. C. observer as passenger.

Original Dunne biplane D5.

E

EWEN.

The W. H. Ewen Aviation Co., London Aerodrome: Hendon. Also works at Lanark, Scotland (opened February, 1913). Hold the British rights for and construct at their works Caudron aeroplanes (see France).

F

FERGUSON.

J. B. Ferguson, Ltd., Belfast.

This machine first appeared in 1910. Owing to an accident to Mr. Ferguson it was laid up for a long time. About the end of 1912 it re-appeared. Principal details:—

Span.—40 feet (12.20 m.) Area.—230 sq. feet (21 m².) H.P. 40.

G

GRAHAME-WHITE.

The Grahame-White Aviation Co., Ltd., 166 Piccadilly, London, W. Works and Flying Ground: Hendon. Founded by C. Grahame-White, the well-known aviator, who in 1909 commenced operations with a school at Pau. Later this was removed to England, and a general agency for the sale of aeroplanes, etc., established. This developed, and early in 1911 the firm was handling a special British agency for the U.S. Burgess type known as "The Baby." The Hendon Aerodrome was acquired, and a factory established, which has grown continually ever since. In April, 1912, a monoplane to special design was completed. By the close of the same year biplanes of advanced design were constructed. Capacity of the works, March, 1913, was equal to 150 machines a year if necessary.

1913.
Military biplane.
Type VI.
2-seater.
1913.
"Popular"
biplane.
Type VII.
1-seater.
1913.
"Popular"
biplane.
Type VII.
2-seater.
1913.
Tractor
hydro-biplane.
Type VIII.
2-seater.
1913.
Monoplane.
Type IX. single-seat.

Length
feet (m.)
33¼ (10.10)
20-5/6 (6.40)
26-5/6 (8.22)
25 (7.60)
21 (6.40)

Span
feet (m.)
42 (12.80)
29-1/6 (8.85)
38 (11.60)
42½ (13)
32 (9.75)

Area
sq. feet (m².)
435 (40½)
230 (21)
475 (44)
380 (35)
208 (19)

Weight
total lbs. (kgs.)
2200 (997)
...
...
850 (385)
...

useful lbs. (kgs.)
750 (340)

450 (204)
...

Motor

120 Aust. Daimler
50 Gnome
50 Gnome
80 Gnome
50 Gnome

Speed
max. m.p.h (k.p.h.)
70 (110)
60 (95)
50 (80)
65 (105)
65 (105)

min. m.p.h (k.p.h.)
55 (90)
50 (80)
40 (65)
50 (80)
...

Endurance
hrs.
6
4
4
4
4

Number built during 1912
1
...
...
1
...

Also built with a 90 Aust. Daimler. Designed to carry a gun on the bow. Very good view. Very strong landing carriage.
Also built with a 35

Also built with a 60
Also built with a 35 Anzani. Two main floats with 12½ ft. track. Floats are 15 ft. long, 2 ft. wide, 1 ft. 3 in. deep.

H

HOWARD-FLANDERS.

L. Howard-Flanders, Ltd., 31, Townsend Terrace, Richmond, Surrey. School: Brooklands. Established February, 1912, by Howard-Flanders, whose connection with aviation dates from the pioneer days. Richmond Works opened April, 1912. Capacity of the works at end of 1912 was sufficient to turn out from 25 to 35 machines a year.

F 4 1912.
2-seater
military
monoplane.
B 2 1912.
2-seater
biplane.
S 2 1913.
single-seat
monoplane.
F 5 1913.
2-seater
monoplane.
B 3 1913.
2-seater
monoplane.

Length
feet (m.)
31½ (9.50)
31½ (9.50)
28 (8.50)
31 (9.45)
31 (9.45)

Span
feet (m.)
40 (12)
40 (12)
35 (10.70)
39 (11.90)
40 (12)

Area
sq. feet (m²)
240 (22)
390 (36)
190 (17¾)
250 (23)
390 (36)

Weight
total lbs. (kgs.)
1850 (839)
1500 (680)
1180 (535)
1600 (726)
1650 (748)

useful lbs. (kgs.)
500 (227)
450 (204)
350 (159)
600 (272)
600 (272)

Motor
h.p.
70 Renault
40 A.B.C.
80 Gnome
80 Gnome
80 Gnome

Speed
max m.p.h. (km.)
67 (108)
56 (90)
82 (132)
70 (115)
68 (110)

min m.p.h. (km.)
41 (66)
38 (61)
45 (73)
42 (68)
40 (65)

Number built during 1912
4
1

Remarks.—F 4 climbing speed 1000 feet (305 m.) in 3½ minutes, 1500 in 5½ mins., 2000 in 8 mins. B 2 climbing speed 200 feet (61 m.) per minute. The four F 4 type were bought by the British Army during 1912.

Monoplane.

Biplane.

HANDLEY-PAGE Monoplanes.

Handley Page, 72, Victoria Street, S.W. Works: 110, Cricklewood Lane, N.W. Flying ground: Hendon. Established at the end of 1908. In June, 1909, it was turned into a Limited Liability Co. Since then it has been busily employed in producing its own machines, also others to inventor's specifications. About the end of 1911 the firm bought up and sold all the machines of the Aeronautical Syndicate—Valkyrie and Viking types. It is doubtful whether any of these V type still exist—in any case it does not matter. Four were presented to the R. Flying Corps. Of these one was smashed up, the others, one army and two navy, were used to teach mechanics to take down and re-assemble engines, etc. Handley-Page also bought up the Radley-Moorhouse machines (Bleriot copies), and disposed of them.

The 1912-13 Handley-Page type is as follows—a development along regular lines of the original H.P. machine:—

Handley-Page V.

Length, 27½ feet (8.40 m.) span, 42½ feet (12.95 m.) area, 240 sq. feet. (22¼ m².)

Weight.—Total, 1300 lbs. (590 kgs.) Empty, 800 lbs. (363 kgs.)

Motor.—50 h.p. Gnome. Speed. 55 m.p.h. (90 km.)

Remarks.—The fixed tail area is 32 sq. feet. Body is entirely enclosed, stream line form. The passenger sits behind the pilot. Mounted on wheels and one long skid forward. Full description and details, Flight, 26th October, 1912.

Principal pilots have been the late E. Petre (who made in it the only flight through London), the late Lieut. Parke, R.N., S. Pickles, and L. R. Whitehouse. The machine has been flown with two passengers, in addition to the pilot.

Military work.—During 1912 five biplanes of the B.E. type were ordered by the British War Office. Several monoplanes were ordered by foreign governments.

Uniform Aeroplane Scale

L

LAKE FLYING Co.

Windermere. Established 1911, by E. W. Wakefield, with a view to hydro-aeroplane experiments. The first machine was a Curtiss type built by A. V. Roe, which flew in November, 1911. In 1912, a special biplane generally of Farman type but with more camber to the planes, was built.

Length.—36½ feet (11 m.) Span.—42 feet (12.80 m.) Area.—270 sq. feet (25 m.²) Motor.—Gnome.

Speed.—45.33 m.p.h. (72.54 k.p.h.)

The single float is 6 feet wide, flexibly connected. Balancers mounted on a spring board. Water rudders for steering at slow speed. Fuller details see Flight, December 7th, 1912. Early in 1913, an Avro was purchased for further experiments.

M

MARTINSYDE.

Messrs. Martin & Handasyde, Brooklands, Weybridge, Surrey. Output capacity: about 20 per annum.

Model and date.
1912.
Mono. 2-seater.
1913.
Mono. 2-seater.

Length
feet. (m.)
35½ (10.75)
35 (10.65)

Span
feet. (m.)
42½ (12.95)
42¾ (13)

Area
sq. feet (m².)
290 (27)
285 (26½)

Weight
total lbs. (kgs.)
...
1212 (550)

useful lbs. (kgs.)
...
551 (250)

Motor
h.p.
65 Antoinette
80 Laviator

Speed
max m.p.h. (km.)
63 (102)
78 (125)

min m.p.h. (km.)
...
...

Number built during 1912
...
...

Notes.—Wood construction. Landing: wheels and one skid. Controls: warping wings and rear elevator. Triangular body. The two models are very nearly identical.

MARTIN-HANDASYDE. Uniform Aeroplane Scale Uniform Aeroplane Scale

P

PIGGOTT.

Piggott Bros. & Co., Ltd., 220, 222 & 224, Bishopsgate, London, E.C. This well-known firm of shed makers built a novel biplane in May, 1910 (details Flight, May 21st, 1910), and in 1911 a monoplane with enclosed body (Flight, April 1st, 1911). In 1912, both were disposed of, and the firm is not proceeding with its experiments. It has, however, a staff of skilled mechanics and a great deal of floor space for the construction of aeroplanes to specifications.

PLANES.

Planes, Ltd., 6, Lord Street, Liverpool. Works: Duke Street & Cleveland Street, Birkenhead. Not building at present. In October, 1910, the firm produced a biplane, designed by W. P. Thompson, fitted with a special pendulum stabilising device. This was followed a year or so later by a monoplane.

R

RADLEY-ENGLAND.

This is not an aeroplane firm, but a special hydro built by two well-known aviators for the Daily Mail competition. Length, 22 feet. Span, 50 feet. 2 floats, 15 feet long by 1 foot 5 inches wide. Pilot in starboard float. Weight, with petrol for 12 hours, 1,380 lbs. Motor, 150 h.p., made up of 3—50 h.p. Gnomes, but two Greens to be fitted for competition. One 4-bladed propeller in rear. Speed, 60 m.p.h., with 100 h.p.

S

SANDERS.

This firm appears to have ceased to exist.

SHORT BROS.

Works and flying grounds: Eastchurch, Isle of Sheppey, Kent. London office: Queen's Circus, Battersea Park. Took up construction at a very early date. Wright agents in 1909. Have built numerous biplanes and monoplanes to specifications. Produced their own first machine (see 1911 edition) in 1910.

S 41. 1913. Hydro Biplane.
S 45. 1913. Military Tractor Biplane.
S 38. 1913. Military Nacelle Biplane.
S 34. Standard School.
1911-12.
1-seater, mono.
1911-12.
Tandem tractor biplane.

80 h.p. 2-seater.
100 h.p. 2-seater.
160 h.p. 4-seater.
70 h.p. 2-seater.
80 h.p. 2-seater.
160 h.p. 4-seater.
50 h.p. 2-seater.
80 h.p. 3-seater.
50 h.p. 2-seater.
70 h.p. 2-seater.

Length
feet (m.)
35 (10.67)
39 (11.90)
45 (13.70)
35-1/2 (10.80)
35-1/2 (10.80)
40 (13.70)
35-1/2 (10.80)
35-1/2 (10.80)
42 (12.85)
42 (12.85)
25 (7.60)
35-1/2 (10.80)

Span
feet (m.)
40 (13.70)
50 (15.25)
50 (15.25)
42 (12.90)
45 (13.70)
50 (15.25)
52 (15.85)
52 (15.85)
46-1/2 (14.20)
46-1/2 (14.20)
29-1/2 (9)
42 (12.90)

Area
sq. feet (m².)
390 (36)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
186 (17)
...

Weight
Machine lbs. (kg.)
1200 (545)
1700 (764)
2000 (909)
1080 (490)
1100 (500)
1890 (860)
950 (432)
1050 (480)
1100 (500)
1150 (523)
...
850 (385)

Useful lbs. (kg.)
771 (350)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

Motor
h.p.
80 Gnome
100 Gnome
160 Gnome
70 Gnome
80 Gnome
160 Gnome
50 Gnome
80 Gnome
50 Gnome
70 Gnome
50 Gnome.
70 Gnome.

Speed
max (m.p.h.)
65 (105)
60 (97)
74 (120)
60 (97)
70 (113)
74 (120)
42 (68)
58 (94)
39 (63)
48 (78)
...
58 (94)

min (m.p.h.)
50 (80)
50 (80)
56 (90)
50 (80)
50 (80)
56 (90)
35 (57)
39 (63)
34 (55)
38 (61)
...
...

Endurance
hrs.
4
5
6
5
5
6
4
5
4
5
5
5

Number built during 1912
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

Remarks.--Floats are two long pontoons. Subsidiary floats at tips of lower plane. Small tail float with water rudder. W.-t. compartments to floats. Tandem seated, pilot in front. The observer's seat can accommodate two if necessary.
Tandem seats, pilot in front. Fittings for maps, etc.
Specially designed for reconnaissance. Tandem seats, pilot in front. An extra passenger can be accommodated.
Solely designed for school work. Seats side by side.
No longer built, but still in existence.

Old 1911-12 Tractor biplane.

Old 1911-12 mono.

Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Short. Hydro.

Short. S. 45 type.

Short. S. 38 military.

Uniform Aeroplane Scale

SOPWITH.

Sopwith Aviation Co. Works: Canbury Park Road, Kingston-on-Thames. School: at Brooklands. Established by T. O. M. Sopwith, the well known aviator at Brooklands, Autumn of 1911, where during 1912, a 70 h.p. tractor biplane and a 40 h.p. biplane was turned out.

Floor area of the Kingston works in March, 1913, was 30,000 sq. feet with electric power plant. Works manager: F. Sigrist. General manager: R. O. Cary. Output capacity: at full pressure about 50 machines a year.

Model and Date.
1913.
Bat boat hydro biplane.
1913.
Tractor biplane 3-seater.
1913.
School biplane.
1913.
Armoured warplane.

Length
feet (m.)
30-1/3 (9.20)
29 (8.85)
29 (8.85)
29' 7-1/2" (9)

Span
feet (m.)
41 (12.50)
40 (12.20)
40 (12.20)
50 (15.25)

Area
sq. feet (m².)
422 (39)
365 (34)
400 (37)
552 (51)

Weight
total lbs. (kgs.)
1700 (771)
1750 (794)
1200 (544)
2000 (907)

useful lbs. (kgs.)
500 (227)
750 (340)
400 (181)
800 (362)

Motor
h.p.
90 Austro-Daimler
80 Gnome
50 Gnome
90 Austro-Daimler

Speed
max. m.p.h. (km.)
65 (105)
74 (125)
48 (78)
65 (105)

min. m.p.h. (km.)
42 (68)
40 (65)
35 (60)
38 (61)

Endurance
hrs.
...
...
...
...

Notes.—Wood construction. Carriage wheels and skids. Control: balanced ailerons.

Sopwith. Flying boat.

1913. Tractor biplane.

V

VICKERS.

Vickers, Ltd., Vickers House, Broadway, Westminster. School: Brooklands. Seven pupils qualified during 1912.

Model and date.
Monoplane.
1912-13. 2-seater.
Military biplane.
1913.

Length
feet (m.)
25 (7.60)
...

Span
feet (m.)
34-1/2 (10.50)
40 (12.20)

Area
sq. feet (m².)
220 (20)
385 (35)

Weight
{total, lbs. (kgs.)
730 (331)
...

{useful, lbs. (kgs.)
...
...

Motor
h.p.
80 Gnome
80 Wolseley

Speed
m.p.h. (km.)
70 (115)
...

Endurance
hrs.
3
...

Number built during 1912
...
...

Notes.—Steel construction. Landing shock absorbing: 2 wheels and 1 skid. Rectangular enclosed body. Controls: warping and rear elevator.

Monoplane climbs 300 feet a minute fully loaded.

Biplane is armed with a Vickers R.C. automatic gun in the bow.

VICKERS. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Vickers. Monoplane.

Vickers. Armed biplane.

W

WHITE.

J. Samuel White & Co., Ltd., shipbuilders and engineers, East Cowes, Isle of Wight. London office: 28, Victoria Street, S.W. This well-known firm of torpedo craft builders, etc., formally opened an aviation department on 1st January, 1913, with Howard T. Wright as general manager and designer.

1913.
Navy 'plane.

Length
feet (m.)
30 (9.15)

Span
feet (m.)
44 (13.40)

Area
sq. feet (m².)
500 (46-1/2)

Weight
total lbs. (kgs.)
2000 (907)

useful lbs. (kgs.)
650 (295)

Motor
h.p.
160 Gnome

Speed
max. m.p.h. (km.)
70 (115)

min. m.p.h. (km.)
35 (57)

Number built
...

Remarks.—Hydro-biplane, with Howard T. Wright patent aeroplanes to give wide range of speed. Two patent hydro floats, 21 feet (m.) long, three steps on each.

Uniform Aeroplane Scale

BRITISH DIRIGIBLES.

Navy.
Army.

Name and date.
II Willows 3. 1911.
III Astra Torres 2. 1913.
IV Parseval 18. 1913.
II BETA. 1909 (1910.)
III, & IV &
V GAMMA, DELTA, EPSILON.
1910, 1912, 1913.

Volume
c. feet (m³.)
31,800 (900)
222,500 (6,500)
311,000 (8,800)
21,000 (594)
70,600 (2,000)

Length
feet (m.)
120 (36.50)
...
276 (84)
104 (31.70)
152 (46)

Diameter
feet (m.)
40 (12.20)
...
49¼ (15)
25 (7.60)
30 (9.10)

Gasbags
fabric
Spencer
Continental
Metzler
Gold beater skin
Continental

compartments
nil
3
nil
nil
nil

ballonets
1
1
2
1
2

Lift
total tons
about ½
about 7
about 10
about ¾
2 ⅕

useful, tons
...
...
...
...
...

Motors
h.p.
30 (=30)
2—120 Chenu (=240)
2—180 Maybach (=360)
1—30 Green (=30)
2—50 Green (=100)

Propellers
number
2 (swivel)
2
2 (s.r.) steel
1
2 (swivel)

blades
2
2
4
2
2

diameter feet (m.)
...
...
...
...
...

Speed
max. m.p.h. (km.)
...
38 (63)
42 (68)
18 (29)
28 (45)

Endurance
full speed
...
...
...
...
4 hours

Max. complement

2
15-18
10-12
3
5

Station

Farnborough
...
...
Farnborough
Farnborough

Notes.—All the above are non-rigid. The military ones were all built at the Royal Aircraft Factory.

Navy Dirigible Pilots.

Boothby, Lieut. F. L. M. (F.C.)
Everett, Gunner F.

Masterman, Comdr. E. A. D. (in command)
Usborne, Lieut. N. F. (squad comdr.)

Woodcock, Lieut. H. (F.C.)

Undergoing Naval Aircraft Course:

Crocker, Lieut. W. R.

Hicks, Lieut. W. C.

Wilson, Lieut. R. A.

Military Dirigible Pilots.

Squadron Commanders.

Maitland, Capt. E. M.

Flight Commanders.

Waterlow, Lieut. C. M.

Flying Officers.

Brabazon, Capt. Honble. C. M. P.
Fletcher, Lieut. J. N. (R.E.)
Hetherington, Lieut. T. G.
Mackworth, Lieut. J. D.
Pigot, Capt. R.

The following hold dirigible pilot certificates, but are not at present employed:—

Broke Smith, Capt. P.

Capper, Col. J. E.

Fox, Lieut. A. G.

Private Dirigibles.

There are one Willows (1912) (sister to the naval one) and a couple of Spencers about the size of Beta.

Private Dirigible Pilots.

Willows, E. T. (24-32, Villa Rd. Handsworth, Birmingham).

BRITISH NAVAL DIRIGIBLES.

Willows. The naval one is fitted with a boat-shaped car.

Parseval. (photo of a sister ship.)

New Construction.

Messrs. Vickers have acquired the Parseval rights for the British Empire, and several airships of this type are likely to be put in hand by them shortly.

Also reported that a big rigid is projected.

BRITISH MILITARY DIRIGIBLES.

Beta.

BETA.

Gamma (Delta the same, but a smaller and enclosed car).

GAMMA.

BRITISH COLONIAL AIRCRAFT.

AUSTRALIAN.

Military Aviation.

In January, 1913, the Australian Flying Corps was instituted, as a part of the citizen forces. During 1913, about £5,600 is to be spent.

The force is to consist ultimately of 4 officers, 7 warrant officers and sergeants, 32 mechanics.

The school is at Duntroon. Course includes—mechanics of the aeroplane, aerial motors, meteorology, aerial navigation by compass, aerial photography, signalling, etc. Mr. Harrison is in command with Lieut. H. Petre as assistant.

Australian Aviators.

Banks, R. C.
Busteed, H.
Duigan, J. R.
Hammond, J. J.

Harrison
+Hart
+Lindsay, C.

Petre, H.
Pickles
Watts

+=killed.

Private Aeroplanes.

J. R. Duigan has built an aeroplane of his own design.

NEW ZEALAND.

Nothing doing worth mention. One Bleriot, 80 h.p., presented 1913 by the Standard, London.

CANADIAN.

Aerial Societies.

Aeronautical Society of Canada, c/o. M. P. Logan, 99 Gloucester Street, Toronto

McGill Aviation Club, McGill University, Montreal

Oshawa, Ontario Ae. C.

Note.—Owing to the fact that the late Aerial Experiment Association was half Canadian and half U.S.A., it is difficult to draw a very clear dividing line between Canadian and U.S. aviators or machines. Thus, one given here is partly U.S.A., while at least one U.S. machine may be claimed as "partially Canadian."

AVIATORS.—Private.

Bell, Dr. Graham
McCurdy, J. A. D. (U.S.A. Ae. C. 18)

McHardy
Symonds, E. F.

St. Henry R.

Canadian Aeroplanes.

GRAHAM-BELL II.

Flights were made by Dr. Graham-Bell in a tetrahedal type, similar to one described in the 1911 edition.

McCURDY-WILLARD. Biplane.

Maximum length, 26¼ feet (8 m.) maximum breadth, 31-1/3 feet (9.50 m.) supporting surface, ? sq. feet (? m².)

Total weight.—

Body.—Central skid in combination with 4 wheels. Triangular body, base of triangle on top. Fuselage entirely enclosed.

Planes.—Maximum span, 31-1/3 feet (9.50 m.) Chord, 3½ feet (1 m.) Gap, 5 feet (1.50 m.) Ailerons at trailing edge of wing tips, 6 feet x 2 feet (1.80×0.60 m.)

Motor.—

Speed.—

Tractor.—Diameter, 7¾ feet (2.40 m.) Pitch, 6 feet (1.82 m.)

Steering.—Double elevator placed in rear of tail. Control, push and pull wheel.
Rudder in rear. Control, wheel.
Ailerons. Control, turning steering-wheel left or right.

Remarks.—See Aeronautics, U.S.A., August, 1911.

There has been also the Baddeck and other early machines (see 1911 edition), but none of them seem to be in existence at the present time.

BRITAIN OVERSEAS AEROPLANES.—INDIAN.

Military Aviation.

—A certain number of officers belonging to the Indian Army have qualified as pilots when home on leave, but there is no organised force. One is, however, proposed.

Private Aviation.

—In the past two or three home-made machines appeared, and one or two were imported, but most or all are now extinct.

SOUTH AFRICA.

Military Aviation.

—Non-existent.

Private Aviation.

—J. Weston is a qualified pilot, but at the outside there are not more than two effective machines in the country.

BULGARIAN.

In the Balkan War, 1912-13, Bulgaria hastily organised an aviation corps. This, though necessarily lacking in military organisation, proved very useful on several occasions.

At the end of March, 1913, the aeroplanes effective included 6 Bristol monos.; one 70 h.p. Bleriot XXI; 2 Bleriot XI bis (captured from the Turks); also some half-dozen or more miscellaneous machines temporarily hired.

Military Aviators.—The principal are Lieuts. Milkoff, Taraxchieff and Petroff.

A number of other officers in various stages of training.

CENTRAL AMERICAN.

General Note.—Nicaragua and S. Domingo have both purchased one or two aeroplanes for their military forces: but nothing appears to have been done with them.

CHILIAN.

Aviator.—Edwards, Emilio. Sanchez Besa is a Chilian, but resides in Paris (see France).

Military Aviation.—In 1912, a commencement was made and one 80 h.p. Deperdussin purchased. Other machines are now on order.

CHINESE.

AVIATORS.

Lee, Y. L. (British Ae.C. 148)
Tsai Tao Prince

Military Aviation.

In March, 1913, orders were placed for six 80 h.p. Caudrons, also for six 50 h.p., and a decision arrived at gradually to acquire a force of 700 aeroplanes, but very little has actually been done to date.

DANISH.

Aerial Societies:—

Danske Aeronautiske Selskab, 34 Amaliegade, Copenhagen.

Aerial Journals:—

None; but Motor (3 Bredgade, Mezz, Copenhagen) deals with aerial matters.

Flying Grounds:—

Klampenburg, Copenhagen.

Skandinarisk Aërodrom.

Army Aeroplanes.

In 1911 there was an Antoinette. Nothing done since.

AVIATORS.

Military.

Ullitkz, Kapt.

Private.

Arntzen, Dr.
Christiansen, S.
Ellerhammer

Folmes, Hansen
Maltke, Count
Nervoe, A.

Svendsen, R.
Thorup, K.

DUTCH.

(Revised by I. SCHIERE, Aeronautical Engineer and Librarian of the Dutch Ae. C.)

Aerial Societies:—

Haagsche Proefvliegtuig Club (3e V.d. Boschstreet 20, The Hague).

Nederlandsche Vereeniging voor Luchtvaart (Nassau Zuilensteintraat, 10, The Hague). (Ae. C.)

Rotterdamsche Model Aero Club (Rochussenstreet 229b, Rotterdam).

Colonial:

Nederlandsche Indische Vereeniging voor Luchtvaart.

Aerial Journals:—

De Luchtvaart (Ged Onde-Gracht, 141, Haarlem). Fortnightly.

Avia, Wynbrugstraat 13, Rotterdam. Fortnightly.

Flying Grounds:—

Breda-Gilske-Rijen.—6 hangars.

Soesterberg.—20 hangars.

Army Aeroplanes.

Up to the end of 1911 there were none, though some officers had their own private ones (H. Farman's mostly).

At end of 1912.

2 monos. Deperdussin (for Java).
1 biplane. De Brouchére (for Java).

AVIATORS.

(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated the Ae. C. Nederlandsche pilot certificate number.)

To end of 1911.

Military.

Bakker, H. Yandrig
Labouchere, Lieut. J.

Meel, Lieut. Van
Poorton, Lieut. H. ter

Versreegh, Lt, W. C. J.

Private.

Bahle, F. K.
Boerlage, M.
Burgh, Van der
Fokker, A. H. G.
Hilgers, J. W. E. L.

Konings, L.
Koolhoven (1)
Küller, G. P. (2)
Lutge, F. (4) (323, F.)

Mulder, A.
Riemsdyk, Van F. (5)
Ryk, Madame Bde.
Wynmalen, H. (6) (208, F.)

The following Dutch aviator has been killed:

1911.
Van Maasdyck, C. (130, Ae. C. F.)

DUTCH AEROPLANES.

DE BROUCKERE. Biplane.

H. Farman type. Details, De Luchtvaart, No. 8, 1911.

FOKKER. Monoplane.

Anthony Fokker, of Haarlem. In early 1912 flew at Breda.

MONNIER-HARPER. Monoplane.

(O.P.I.I.) Generally Bleriot type. Built 1911.

VAN DEN BURG. Monoplane.

Early in 1912 was flying at Johannisthal, Germany.

VREEDENBURGH. Monoplane.

(O.P.I.I.) Blend of Bleriot and Antoinette. Motor, 75 h.p. Miesse. Completed December, 1909.

Fokker. Monoplane.

FOKKER. Monoplane.

(See Germany for details.) Firm now established in Germany.

DUTCH DIRIGIBLES.

Military.

DUINDIGT. Non-rigid.
(Zodiac make.)

Length, 111½ feet (34 m.) diameter, 22½ feet (60.80 m.) capacity, 31,785 c. feet (900 m³.)

Motor.—18 h.p.

Remarks.—Small edition of Zodiac III. (See France.)

FRENCH.

(Special French Editor.)

Aerial Societies:—

Aero Club de France.

Academie Aeronautique de France.

Aeronautique Club de France.

Société des Aëronautes du Siège.

Aero Club du Sud Ouest.

Aero Club du Rhone.

Aero Club du Nord.

La Ligue Aerienne du Sud.

Société Francaise de Navigation Aérienne.

Société d'encouragement à l'Aviation.

(Full list of clubs next page.)

Aerial Journals:—

L'Aerophile.

L'Aero.

L'Aeronaute.

Aerostat (Bulletin Aeronautique).

Aerostat (Academie d'Aerostation).

Revue de l'Aerostation.

Le Ballon.

L'Aerostation.

L'Aeronautique.

Bulletin Aeronautique.

Encyclopediede l'Aviation.

La Ligue Nationale Aerienne.

Revue de l'Aviation.

L'Aeromécanique.

Principal Flying Grounds:

Antibes.—Hanriot school.

Beauce.

Betheny.—Sommer school. Deperdussin School.

Buc.—M. Farman school.

Buoy.

Chalons.—Sommer school.

Chalais-Mendon. (Military)

Chatres.—Savary school.

Cran, Marseilles.

Crotoy.—Caudron school.

Croix d'Hins, Bordeaux (Aer. Lig. du Sud.) Area 6 km. Track. Free sheds.

Corbeaulieu pres. Compregne.—Doutre school.

Etampes.—Bleriot school. Farman school.

Grand Camp, Lyons.

Issy les Moulineaux.—Astra school

Juan-le-Pias.—Paulhan aquaplane school.

Juvissy, near Paris.—Aerodrome. Caudron school. Goupy school.

La Brayelle, Douai.—Breguet school.

Da motte Brueil dans L'Oise.

Le Bourget, Paris.—100 sheds.

Le Mans.

Moisson.

Mourmelon.—Voisin school.

Napante.

Nice.—Small and rough surface.

Pau.—Bleriot school.

Reims.—Aerodrome.

St. Cyr.

Villacoublay, Paris.—Breguet, Nieuport and Astra schools.

FRENCH AEROPLANES.

Military Aviation.

In February, 1912, the then total of 208 effective aeroplanes were divided into "squadrillas" consisting of eight aeroplanes; attached to these eleven or twelve motor cars, one traction car and one fast car, also a repairing car and repairing van.

It was then estimated that at the end of 1912, 344 aeroplanes would be available for service.

The estimated personnel was provisionally fixed at 234 officer pilots, 210 scouts, 42 mechanics, 110 officers, 1,600 corporals or sappers and 550 privates.

Approximately £880,000 was spent in aviation during 1912, and £1,000,000 was estimated for future years.

The French military aviation centres are all upon somewhat the same footing as fortresses, and the greater part of the work comes under the head of "confidential." The principal school is at St. Cyr, which was specially selected because the ground is rough and mostly covered with small shrubs: it being held important to train officers from the first to rise and land on ground similar to that most likely to be found in war time. Each station is supplied with large portable wooden-framed hangars covered with canvas. These can be rapidly taken to pieces and re-erected. Each station is supplied with its own special motor transport.

All military machines are provided with a compass and map case in front of the pilot and sketching apparatus in front of the observer.

Although a few non-commissioned officers have been taught flying, the organization only contemplates the employment of commissioned officers as pilots. The age limit is 38.

On April 16th, 1913, the flying corps was modified. The principal features of the corps as now existing are as follows:—

Establishments.

Schools.

Special establishments, dealing with purchase, construction, and big repairs.

Directions. Administration of material.

Depots. A species of dockyards dealing with minor repairs, etc.

Administration.

There are three main groups, each commanded by a colonel. Each group consists of dirigibles and aeroplane "escadrilles," and is fully equipped with establishments, etc. The three centres are:—

Versailles.

Reims.

Lyon.

General.

All squadron units are made up of machines of the same make and power. Pilots are detailed as required to any particular unit, and liable to transfer from one to another, though in practice such transfers are rare.

Army Aeroplanes.

During 1912 nearly 500 machines were delivered to the Army, but a great many old machines have been scrapped. At the end of March, 1913, the force stood at 421 effective for war machines, plus an uncertain number of school machines and obsoletes.

About one-third or more of the effective aeroplanes were Farmans. The rest consisted of all leading French types, proportionated more or less to the productive capacity of these firms. Also certain other makes experimental.

Navy Aviation.

The Navy section of French military aviation is still in the "being formed" process. No data are yet available as to the ultimate force to be provided. At present the number of effective war machines is small. It is made up of hydro-avions of the following types:—Astra, Borel, Breguet, Caudron, Deperdussin, Donnet-Leveque, Farman, Paulhan-Curtiss, Sanchez-Besa, the total at end of March, 1913, being well under 20. There are also two special Bleriot type fitted with floats, which carry 330 lbs of explosive, are fitted with wireless, have a speed of 140 km.p.h. (85 m.p.h.), and a radius of about 600 miles (1,000 km.)

PRINCIPAL FRENCH ARMY AND NAVY AVIATORS.

(In each case the number against each name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C. French certificate pilot number.)

Army.

Abadie, Sous Officier
Acevedo, Lieut. (740)
Acquaviva, Lieut. Paul V. (68)
Aiguillon, Lt. R.d' (308)
Aubry, Lieut.
Balensi, Capt. Albert (173)
Bares, Capt. (543)
Basset, Lieut. Paul (145)
Battini, Lieut. G. (508)
Baugnies, Lt. J. B. E. (193)
Beatrix, Sous Officier
Bellemois, Lieut. G. (546)
Bellenger, Capt. M. (45)
Berni, Lieut. (760)
Biard, Capt. G. M. (261)
Bihan, Lieut.
Binda, Lieut. Louis (232)
Blard, Lieut. (460)
Bobillier, Lieut.
Boerner, Lieut.
Boissonas, Lieut. (443)
Bon, Lieut.
Boncour, Lieut. (478)
Bonnier, Lieut. (478)
Bonnier, General (137)
Boucher, Lieut.
Bousnuet, Lieut. P. (295)
Breley, Lieut.
Brenot, Capt.
Brouchard, Lieut.
Brugiere, Lt.
Brule, Lieut. (436)
Bruncher, Lieut.
Burgeat, Capt. M. (44)
Camerman, Lieut. F. (33)
Camine, Capt.
Campagne, Lieut. (782)
Casse, Capt. (415)
Chabert, Lieut.
Charoux, Sous Officier
Chavenac, Lieut. E. (551)
Cheutin, Lt. E. J. (233)
Chevreau, Lieut. R. (132)
Clavenad, Lieut. P. (294)
Clerc, Lieut. (465)
Clolus, Commdt. G. (97)
Couret, Lieut.
Coville, Capt.
D'Abrantes, Lieut.
D'Aquillon, Lieut.
De Beruis, Lieut.
De Caumont, Capt.
De Chanac Lanzac, Capt.
De Geyer, Lieut.
De Gorge, Lieut. (805)
De Goys, Capt.
De Lafargue (417)
De L'Estrade, Lieut.
De Rose, Lieut. P. (477)
Destace, Capt.
Destouches, Capt.
Devarenne, Lieut.
Devaulx, Lieut. R. (158)
De Ville d'Avray, Lieut.

Didier, Sous Officier (765)
Do-Ird, Lieut.
Drevet, Sous Officier (753)
Duparquet, Capt.
Duperron, Capt. (196)
Dupin, Lieut.
Eteve, Capt. A. (89)
Erstorac, Capt.
Felix, Capt. J. (270)
Fequant, Lieut. A. (63)
Fequant, Lieut. P. (340)
Fierstein, Sous Officier
Francezon, E. (410)
Foirelline, Lieut.
Garnier, Lieut. (305)
Garnier, Lt. (826)
Gastringer, Lieut.
Gaubert, Lieut. E. (313)
Germain, Lieut.
Girard, Lieut. J. (197)
Gironde, Lt. A. de
Godefroy, Sous Officier (583)
Gouin, Lt. M. E. R. (348)
Gourlez, Lieut. (521)
Grezaud, S.-Lt. P. (265)
Grailly, Lieut. (399)
Gronier, Lieut. J. (138)
Grandjean, Sapper
Guibart, Lieut.
Guiton, Sous Officier
Hable, Sous-Lt. A. L. (257)
Hugoni, Capt. E. (165)
Hanouille, Lieut.
Henequin, Lieut.
Henri, Lieut. (497)
Herli, S.-Lt. (257)
Hurard, Sous Officier
Issartier (531)
Jacquet, Lieut.
Joly, Lieut. F. (341)
Jost, Lieut. R. G. (264)
Kass, Capt.
Langardt, Lieut.
Laurent, Sous Officier (246)
Le Beau, Capt.
Le Bleu, Lieut.
Lelievre, Lieut. E. (522)
Lemasson, Lieut. (506)
Le Mauget, Capt.
Letheux, Lieut. G. (142)
Letort, Sapper (170)
Letourneur, Lieut.
Lucca, Lieut. D. (154)
Ludmann, Lieut. G. (255)
Lussigny, Lieut.
Machin, Lieut.
Mailfert, Lieut. F. (146)
Maillois, Lieut. J. (131)
Malherbe, Lt. de (334)
Maneyrol, Lieut.
Manoha, Lt.
Marc, Lt.
Marconnet, Capt. (90)
Marie, Capt. Felix (80)

Marlin, Lieut.
Marmies, Lieut.
Marty, Sous Officier (816)
Massol, Lieut.
Mauger, Lieut.
Maurice, Lieut.
Mazac, Lieut. (592)
Migaud, Lieut. G. (501)
Morel, Sous-Lt. P. (262)
Morlaye, Lieut. la
Mouchard, Lieut.
Negre, Capt.
Nicaud, Lieut.
Nogues, Capt. (114)
Normand, Lieut. F. (314)
Pelloux, Sous-Lt. M. (346)
Peraldi, Lieut.
Peretti, Sous Officier
Pierre, Lieut.
Ponchet, Lieut.
Prat, Lieut.
Precardin, Lieut.
Princetau, Lieut.
Postulat, Sergt.
Quennehen, Sous Officier
Ragot, Lieut.
Remy, Lieut. H. C. (143)
Reynard, Lieut. (668)
Rimbert, Lieut.
Rocca-Serra, Lieut.
Rochette, Lieut. J. (564)
Rolland, Lieut. M. E. (545)
Ronin, Lieut.
Rougerie, Lieut.
Sauleillon, Lt. A. (674)
Saunier, Lieut. G. (153)
Seguin, Sapper (528)
Sevelle, Lieut. (747)
Silvestre, Lieut. (599)
Sido, Capt. Marie (65)
Sourdeau, Lieut. A. (474)
Soulielani, Lieut.
Thomas, Lieut. (846)
Thomas, R. (116)
Touzet, E. (485)
Tretane, Lieut.
Tricornot de Rose, Lt. de (330)
Vandamone, Lieut. (535)
Van de Vaero, Lt. (491)
Vandine, Lieut.
Varcin, Lieut.
Vaudein, Lieut.
Verdier, Sous Officier (538)
Vibra, Lieut.
Vigne, Lt. Henri (315)
Vinda, Lieut.
Vitra-Rougerie, Lieut.
Vocayeau, Lieut.
Vogoya, Capt.
Vuilliereme, Lt. L. (174)
Watteau, Lieut.
Willemenz, Lieut. (759)
Yence, Lieut. R, (220)

Naval.

Byasson, Lt. de V. (175)
Cayla, Lieut. (458)
Conneau, Lieut. (322) "Beaumont"
Davelny, Comdt.

Delage, Lieut. G. (219)
Fournier, Lieut.
Hautefille, Lieut. (247)
Lafon, Lt. (194)

Leve, Lieut. (243)
Parasa, Lieut. (179)
Reymond, Lieut. (206)

FRENCH AEROPLANES—PRIVATE.

Private Aeroplanes.

The total number of machines built in France during 1912 has been estimated at about 1,500. This includes military as well as private machines, also machines exported, and appears to be unduly generous even so. The actual total of machines commenced and completed in 1912 is nearer 1,000.

The number of private aeroplanes—excluding demonstration and school machines is small.

PRIVATE AVIATORS

(brevets to end of 1911).

(In each case the number against each name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C. French certificate pilot number.)

Algrin, Rene (252)
Allard, M. (480)
Alincourt (488)
Andre, C. (192)
Aubrun (21)
Bachot, A. (271)
Baeder, F. de (107)
Bague, E. (337)
Balliod, Louis (236)
Balaye, A. (275)
Balsan, Jacques (22)
Baratoux, Marcel (49)
Barbotte, Ernest (268)
Barra, Franck (171)
Barrier, A. (64)
Banier, Rene (64)
Bathiat, Georges (237)
Bathiat, Leon (110)
Beard, Pierre (276)
Beaud, Edouard (150)
Becue, Jean F. (263)
Bellier, Albert (297)
Bellot, Andre (317)
Benoist, Jean (369)
Bergognie, Charles (373)
Bernard, A. (505)
Berlot, Henri J. (450)
Biard, Desire J. (460)
Bielovucic, Jean (87)
Bill, Henri (205)
Blanchet, Georges (244)
Bleriot, Louis (1)
Blondeau, Gustave (101)
Bobba, Andre (309)
Boillot, Geo. (395)
Boissounas, L. (443)
Boise de Courcenay, Comte (283)
Boivin, Albert (248)
Bonzon, Maurice (355)
Bouvier, Andre (120)
Boyer, Louis (303)
Bregi, Henry (26)
Breguet, Louis (52)
Bresson, Georges (280)
Briancon, Lucien (277)
Briey, F. de (492)
Brindejonc des Moulinais (449)
Bruneau de Laborie, E. (67)
Bunau-Varilla, E. (16)
Busson, Guillaume (121)
Caille, Albert (200)
Caramanlaki, A. (761)
Carles, Fernand (362)
Carlin, L. V. (554)
Caudron, Rene (180)
Cayla, P. (458)
Chailliey, Henri (63)
Challe, M. J. (523)
Champel, Florentin (94)
Chanteloup, P. (549)
Chapelle, J. (547)
Charpentier, Louis (286)
Chassagne, Jean (160)
Chausse, P. (519)
Chaussier, Piere (384)
Chatain, Marius L. (267)
Chatain, L. M. L. (296)
Chateau, Edouard (135)
Chaunac-Lenzac de (394)
Chemet, Geo. (159)
Cheuret, Leon (62)
Cherent, L. (62)
Chevalier, J. (515)
Chevalier, Louis (333)
Chevillard, Maurice (385)
Chioni, Basile (250)
Clerc, Paul A. L. (465)
Clement, M. (108)
Collardeau, Geo. (393)
Collieux, M. (85)
Collin, Georges (279)
Conard (647)
Contard, Paul (351)
Contenet, Henri (447)
Contour, Ernest (371)
Contre (657)
Cordonnier, Robert (221)
Corso, E. (529)
Crochon, Andre (43)
Cronier, Andre M. H. (352)
Cugnet, Gaston (140)
Cure, Gaston M. (242)
Daillens, Jean (119)
Dancourt, P. H. (520)
Debener, M. (562)
Deletang, Fernand (42)
Delacroix, Maurice (452)
Delagrange, Robert (366)
De La Roche, Mde. (36)
Deloche, R. D. (526)
Denis, Auguste (380)
Deroy, Francis (374)
Derry, Leon (254)
Deruissy, Andre (376)
Despres, E. M. L. (527)
Deschamps de Bois, Hébert (461)
Didier, A. (77)
Divetain, Pierre (466)
Driancourt, M. L. (525)
Dubonnet, Emile (47)
Ducoweneau (456)

Dufour, Jean M. R. (457)
Dufour, Jean (96)
Dufour, Louis (185)
Duval, E. (118)
Duval, Emile (118)
Echeman, P. M. (466)
Esnault-Pelterie, R. (4)
Espanet, Dr. G. (532)
Farman, Henry (5)
Farman, Maurice (6)
Fiorellimo, Louis (369)
Florencie, Jean (201)
Fournie, J. P. S. (502)
Frantz, Joseph (363)
Francq, Baron de (481)
Frey, Alfred (48)
Frey, Andre (93)
Froussart, Ernest (350)
Frugier, Leon (378)
Gaget, Joseph (335)
Gaillard, J. O. C. (504)
Gallie, Fernand (343)
Gardey, M. (482)
Garros, Roland (147)
Garsonnin, L. (555)
Gastinger, Edouard M. (455)
Gassnier, René (39)
Gassier, Marcel (392)
Gasnier, Pierre (391)
Gaudart, Louis (228)
Gaulard, Charles (302)
Gautheron, Louis (449)
Gaye, Georges (251)
Gibert, Louis (92)
Gilbert, Eugene (240)
Giraud, Etienne (493)
Glorieux, Leon (188)
Gobe, Armand (102)
Gobron, Jean (7)
Goffin, Marcel (284)
Gouguenheim, P. (388)
Goux, Jules (398)
Gournay, Henri (186)
Goys de Mereyrac, Louis (354)
Grandjean, E. C. H. (469)
Grandseigne, R. (360)
Granel, Marcel (117)
Grellet, Alexis (370)
Gressard, M. (725)
Gue, Albert (216)
Guerre, Henri (444)
Guidard, V. P. (487)
Guilband, C. J. (518)
Guillemard, T. (445)
Guillaume, C. (651)
Hainaux, Marcel R. (239)
Hanriot, Marcel R. (239)
Hanriot, Rene (368)
Herbster, Maurice (41)
Herveu, Mlle. Jane (318)
Hesne, Paul (113)
Houlette, Andre (367)
Jacquemart, G. C. (464)
Jamblez, Paul A. (266)
Janoir, L. (553)
Joliot, André (202)
Joly, C. E. M. (530)
Julleriot, Henry (61)
Junod, Auguste (253)
Kauffman, Paul (198)
Kergariou, Engard de (503)
Kieffer, C. E. (372)
Kummerling, A. (291)
Koechlin, Jean P. (203)
Kuhling, Paul L. (136)
Labouchere, Rene (86)
Labouret, Rene (222)
Lacombe, P. (534)
Ladougne, Emile (81)
Lafarge, Henri (278)
Lajous, Francois, A. (463)
Lambert, Comte de (8)
Langhe, Armand de (204)
Lastours, H. R. de (552)
Larfinty-Tholosan, Marquis Jules (468)
Laroche, Mme. Raymonde (36)
Latzel, J. (700)
Leblanc, Alfred (17)
Lecomte, Henri (320)
Legagneux, Georges (55)
Le Lasseur de Ranzay, G. (479)
Lemartin, Theodore (249)
Lenfant, Louis (386)
Leouet, B. L. (485)
Leprince, P. (494)
Lesire, Eugene (176)
Lesseps, Jacques de (27)
Leyat, Marcel (364)
Lieutard, H. (497)
Liger, A. (573)
Lombardi, Henri (241)
Loridan, Marcel (224)
Magnan, Leon (379)
Magneval, Gabriel (359)
Mahieu, Georges E. (123)
Mallet, J. A. P. (490)
Mamet, Julien (18)
Marchal, Anselem (328)
Maron, P. H. (495)
Marquezy, Rene (238)
Martin, Edouard (365)

Martin, Xavier (162)
Martinet, Robert (78)
Marvingt, Marie (281)
Mauvais, Jean (144)
Metrot, Rene (19)
Meyer, Jules M. (229)
Mignot, Robert (76)
Miltgen, Paul (339)
Moineau, R. L. (554)
Molla, Henri (172)
Montalent, O. de (509)
Montjou, Guy de (446)
Mollien, Elie A. (57)
Molon, Leon (25)
Molon, Louis (234)
Molon, Lucien (235)
Montigny, Alfred de (69)
Morane, Leon F. (54)
Morelle, Edmond (35)
Morel, P. F. (524)
Morin, Roger (306)
Mouthier, Louis (157)
Mousnier, Yvon (454)
Niel, Albert (104)
Niel, Mme. Marthe (226)
Nissole, Edouard (383)
Noe, A. G. M. (498)
Noel, Andre (122)
Obre, Emile (148)
Ors, Jean (382)
Orus, Maurice (256)
Osmon, Geo. (361)
Paillette, Marcel (99)
Paillole, E. C. L. (556)
Palade, Antoine (387)
Pallier, Mdlle.
Parent, Francois (189)
Paris-Leclerc, Max (190)
Partiot, G. (516)
Pascal, Ferdinand (301)
Paul, Ernest (91)
Paulhan, Louis (10)
Pequet, Henri (88)
Perin, Albert (161)
Perreyon, Edmond (311)
Perrigot, J. (499)
Picard, Pierre (174)
Planchet, Edmond (319)
Poillot (182)
Pommier, Martin (400)
Porcheron, L. A. (471)
Pouleriguen, F. (349)
Poumet (576)
Pourpe, Marc
Pourpe, M. M. E. A. (560)
Prevost, M. (475)
Prevoteau, G. (507)
Prier, Pierre (169)
Raoblt, Jean (386)
Reimbert, Ernest (375)
Reichert, Henri (377)
Renaux, Eugene (139)
Renaud de la Fregeoliere (396)
Rey, P. A. P. (517)
Reymond, Senator
Richet, A. (537)
Rigal, Victor (60)
Rivolier, Jean (381)
Robillard, G. de (184)
Robinet, J. (476)
Romance, F. de (288)
Rougier, Henry (11)
Ruby, F. L. (514)
Ruchonnet (127)
Sallard, H. (794)
Sallenave, Henru (66)
Savary, Robert (112)
Schlumberger, M. (316)
Sée, Raymond (187)
Servies, Jules (218)
Simon, Rene (177)
Sommer, Roger (29)
Tabateau, Maurice (128)
Taurin, Andre (84)
Tetard, Maurice (79)
Thieulin, Joseph (459)
Tissandier, Paul (13)
Tixier, Henri (397)
Toussin, Rene (56)
Train, Emile Louis (167)
Vallier, Edmond P. (269)
Vallon, Rene (109)
Van Gaver, Paul (338)
Vasseur, Narcisse (282)
Vedrines, Jules (312)
Vendrines, E. (536)
Verliac, Adrien (129)
Vergmault, O. (561)
Verrier, Pierre (390)
Versepuy, Leon (149)
Vialard, Charles (342)
Vidart, Rene (133)
Villeneuve Trans, Louis de (285)
Vimard, E. (484)
Visseaux, Henri (217)
Vittoz-Gallet, G. (500)
Wagner, Louis (83)
Walleton, Louis (304)
Weiss, H. (73)
Wintrebert, Henri (300)
Zens, Ernest (28)

The following French aviators have been killed:—

1909.

Ferber, Capt.
Lefebvre, E.

1910.

Blanchard (215)
Delagrange, Leon (3)
Le Blon (38)
Poillot (182)

1911.

Byasson, Lt.
Camine, Capt.
Caumont, Lieut. (156)
Carron, Capt.
Chotard, Lieut.
De Grailly, Lieut.
Desparmet, J. (451)
Dupuis, Lieut.
Gaubert (59)
Laffont, A. (111)
Lautheaume, Lt.
Level
Liere, Louis
Loder, Lt.
Madiot, Capt. (106)
Mommlin
Nieuport, E. (105)
Noel
Princeteau, Lt. (331)
Ruchonnet
Tarron, Capt.
Vallon, Rene
Wachter, C. L. (53)

FRENCH PRIVATE AVIATORS, 1912.

Adam-Gironne (818)
Arondel, P. (827)
Andenis, C. (788)
Badet (622)
Balighant, G. (588)
Barbarou, M. (702)
Basano, F. (828)
Baudrin, E. (609)
Bedel, R. (668)
Beatrix, C. (781)
Benoit, O. (771)
Benoist, G. (667)
Bertin, L. (801)
Blaignan (633)
Bleu, Le (643)
Boiteau, G. (833)
Boerlage (666)
Bordage, A. (650)
Boncour (678)
Boucher, F. (600)
Borie, A. (803)
Brocard, A. (770)
Brodin, E. (838)
Brouard, E. (807)
Bruginere, A. (813)
Cailleaux, A. (617)
Carreard, G. (779)
Castellan, E. (639)
Cavalier, M. (764)
Caye, M. (672)
Cerantes, F. (611)
Chabert, V. (631)
Chandenier, L. (804)
Coblyn, L. (735)
Contre (657)
Corsini, A. (654)
Cornier, R. (605)
Coville, F. (594)
Couffin, L. (619)
Dambricourt, J. (773)
De Beausire de Seyssel (756)
Debroutelle, P. (806)
De Chabot, P. (783)
De Gensac, A. (836)
De Lareinty Tholozan, H. (822)
Delacour, J. (602)
Delaunay, P. M. (635)
Deleraye, M. (790)
De l'Escaille (791)
Delmas, M. (837)
De Marmies, R. (663)
De Mazurkiewicz, W. C. (707)
Denhaut, F. (690)
Des Pres de la Morlais (636)
De Pontac (596)
De Reals, R. (686)
De Ryk (Mme. B.) (652)

De Segonac, R. (669)
Desille, L. (581)
De Vergnette, C. (792)
De Villepin, O. (832)
Do Huu, T. (649)
Drouhet, F. (727)
Dussot, A. (733)
Dutertre, C. (748)
Ecomand, G. (714)
Ehrmann, L. (646)
Escot, P. (624)
Eymien, S. (726)
Fassin, F. (844)
Faucompre, L. (814)
Fleiche, L. (729)
Foudre, R. (808)
Foulquier, M. (772)
Francois, A. (665)
Galon, S. (613)
Garros, R. (811)
Glaize, F. (845)
Godot, J. (815)
Grazzioli, A. (687)
Grasset, A. (800)
Greppo, J. (676)
Guerre, P. (730)
Guillaux, E. (749)
Hanne, A. (681)
Helen, E. (586)
Hembert (662)
Hurard, J. (757)
Hustinx, C. (716)
Irate, G. (655)
Jacquin, A. (582)
Jailler, L. (682)
Jeannerod, H. (696)
Jeansoulin, L. (703)
Joachim, H. (610)
Jourjon, R. (841)
Junquet, P. (621)
Kormann (789)
Lambert, A. (618)
Lanier, P. (684)
Lantheaume, C. (616)
Latzel, J. (700)
Le Bleu, P. (643)
Leclerc, P. (593)
Lefebvre, L. (691)
Lecontellec, H. (810)
Lenfant, P. (731)
Lemoine, A. (632)
Leroy, J. (638)
Lesne, M. (796)
Levasseur, J. (743)
Le Vassor, J. (704)
Lewis, J. (642)

Loubignac, L. (793)
Lumiere, G. (840)
Madon, G. (595)
Magnin, L. (648)
Maicon, A. (695)
Mandelli, P. (762)
Mauger, D. (750)
Malecaze, J. (776)
Mancarot (710)
Mazier, L. (634)
Melin, E. (699)
Metairie, A. (689)
Mouroux, J. (724)
Navarre, A. (584)
Noel, L. (656)
Nove-Josseraud (825)
Olivier, L. (556)
Pasquier, Baron R. (728)
Penet, H. (809)
Pia, G. (829)
Picard, F. (601)
Poulet, E. (709)
Radisson, V. (834)
Raulet, F. (658)
Richer, H. (607)
Ridont, R. (817)
Roussel, L. (659)
Roux, H. (715)
Saint-Michel Rivet (604)
Sallard, H. (794)
Sauson de Sausal (812)
Schneegaus, C. (712)
Senart, J. (661)
Sensever, H. (580)
Senougue, A. (823)
Serant, L. (679)
Seyrat, J. (830)
Shigeno, K. (744)
Soularis, M. (698)
Soyer, H. (671)
Testulat, P. (821)
Thierry de Ville d'Avray (579)
Thoret, J. (708)
Tierch, M. (645)
Tournier, A. (677)
Trescartes, L. (842)
Vallet, C. (734)
Vaudelle, R. (785)
Vandinck, A. (787)
Vandal, P. (598)
Ventre, L. (585)
Vidal Soler, E. (686)
Vogoyeau, A. (755)
Whitehouse, W. (589)
Zens, P. (675)
Zorra, L. (653)

Killed.

1912.

Barillon (307)
Bedell, R.
Bernard, Suzanne
Boerner, Lieut.
Boncour, Lieut.
Bressand, Lieut.
Chanteriers, Lieut.
Dubois, Capt.
Ducourneau, Lieut.
Etienne, Lieut.

Faure, Capt.
Lacour
Madiot, Capt. (106)
Maguet, Capt. le
Nieuport, C.
Olivers, G.
Peignan, Lieut. A.
Poutrin, Lieut.
Sevelle, Lieut. H. P.
Thiery de Ville d'Avray, Lieut.
Thomas, Lieut.
Wagner, A.

1913.

Bresson, Lieut.

FRENCH AEROPLANES.

A

AERIENNE.

L'Aerienne, 25 Quai des Grands Agustins, Paris. Builds to specifications and supplies all parts.

ANTOINETTE.

Company has ceased to exist.

ASTRA.

"Astra" Soc. de Constructions Aéronautiques, (Anciens Etabs. Surcouf) Soc. An'yme 13 Rue Couchat, Billancourt (Seine). Works: 121-123 Rue de Bellevue, Billancourt. Flying grounds: Issy-les-Molineux Villacoublay (S-&-O). This old established balloon and dirigible firm first took up aviation as French agents for the Wrights in 1909. For a time they built Wrights with certain modifications, but by 1912, little save the Wright system of warping remained. Capacity: about 100 machines a year.

| Biplane, type C. 1912-13. Wood. | Military biplane type C.M. 1912-13.Wood | Biplane, Type C. 1913. Wood & steel. | Mil. biplane, type C.M. 1913. Wood & steel. | Hydro-biplane, type C.M. 1913. Wood & steel.
Length | feet (m.) | 34 (10.40) | 36 (10.97) | 34 (10.40) | 36 (10.97) | 32¾ (10)
Span | feet (m.) | 41 (12.50) | 40½ (12.32) | 41 (12.50) | 40½ (12.32) | 39½ (12)
Area. | sq. feet (m²) | 519 (48.2) | 519 (48.2) | 519 (48.2) | 519 (48.2) | 519 (48.2)
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 1764 (800) | 2365 (1073) | ... | 1411 (640) | 1763 (800)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 661 (300) | 882 (400) | ... | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 50 Renault | 75 Renault or 75 Chenu | 50 Renault | 75 Renault | 100 Renault
Speed | max.  m.p.h. (km.) | 56 (90) | 56 (90) | 56 (90) | 56 (90) | 56 (90)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...

Remarks.—The 1912-13 and 1913 types differ only in the adoption of metal in the 1913 models, which are consequently considerably lighter.

General features.—Warping wings. Fixed tail planes with two elevators in rear. Single rudder. Single tractor geared down 1 to 2. Type C carries 85 litres petrol; type C.M., 137 litres.

Astra. Military "C.M." 1913.

Astra. Hydro-avion, 1913.

B

BERTIN.

L. Bertin, 23 rue de Rocroy, Paris. About 1908 Bertin began building helicopters. The machine below was exhibited in the 1913 Paris Salon.

Bertin. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

| 1913. Monoplane. 2-seater.
Length | feet (m.) | 29 (8.80)
Span | feet (m.) | 34 (10.40)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 226 (21)
Weight | machine, lbs. (kgs.) | 770 (350)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ...
Motor | h.p. | 100 Bertin
Speed | max m.p.h. (km.) | 71 (115)
Number built during 1912 | 1

Remarks.—Wood and steel construction. On wheels only. Controls: warping and rear elevator.

BESSON.

Marcel Besson, 24 rue Marbeuf, Paris. Capacity: small. Besson first appeared in 1911 with a tail-first mono. In the Paris Salon, 1913, he exhibited an improved machine along similar lines.

| 1913 Canard 2-seater.
Length | feet (m.) | 22 (6.70)
Span | feet (m.) | 44 (13.40)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 323 (30)
Weight | machine, lbs. (kgs.) | 730 (331.2)
| useful (kgs.) | ...
Motor | h.p. | 70 Gnome
Speed | m.p.h.(km.) | 59 (95)
Number built during 1912 | 1

Remarks.—All steel construction. On wheels and 2 skids. Control: ailerons and front elevator.

BLERIOT Monoplanes.

L. Bleriot, "Bleriot-Aeronautique," 39, Route de la Révolte, Paris-Levallois. Flying grounds: Buc Etampes and Pau.

L. Bleriot began to experiment in 1906, along Langley lines. By 1909 he was one of the leading French firms; and the first cross Channel flight was made by him.

Details of standard types:—

| XI bis. 2-seater mono. (1911 onward) | XXI. Military side by side 2-seater mono. 1912. | XXVII. Single seat mono. 1912. | XXVIII. Single seater 1913. | XXVIII. 2-seater. 1913. | Monocoque 2-seater 1913.
Length | feet (m) | 27-1/3 (8.40) | 27¼ (8.24) | 28 (8.50) | 25 (7.60) | 27 (8.20) | ...
Span | feet (m) | 36 (11) | 36 (11) | 29½ (9) | 29 (8.80) | 32 (9.75) | 40 (12.25)
Area | sq. ft. (m².) | 349 (33) | 268 (25) | 129 (12) | 162 (15) | 215 (20) | 270 (25)
Weight | unladen, lbs. (kgs) | ... | 727 (330) | 529 (240) | 530 (240) | 660 (300) | 830 (375)
| useful  lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | ... | 286 (129) | 550(250) | ...
Motor | h.p. | 50 Gnome | 70 Gnome | 70 Gnome | 50 Gnome | 70 Gnome | 80 Gnome
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 56 (90) | 56 (90) | 78 (125) | 62 (100) | 71 (115) | 75 (120)
| min.  m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...

Note.—The monos., as usual, are of wood construction; wheels only for landing. Rectangular section bodies. Warping wings, elevator in rear. Chauviere propeller. The monocoque has wood, steel and cork construction. Coque body. Skids to landing chassis. Levasseur propeller. Otherwise as the other monos.

Principal Bleriot flyers are or have been:—Aubrun, Balsan, Bleriot, Busson, Chavez, Cordonnier, Delagrange, Drexel, Efimoff, Gibbs, Hubert, Hamel, Moissant, Paulhan, Prevetau, Prevot, Prier, Radley, Thorup, Tyck, Wienzciers, and many others.

Bleriot XI bis.

1913 type of XI bis. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Bleriot XXVII.

General standard type of Bleriot 1912 & 1913. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Special types of Bleriots.—In addition to the standard machines, Bleriot from time to time produces special machines, of which the best known is the Limousine, built for M. Deutsch de la Meurthe, built 1911 and still existing. One or two Canards have also been built, including an armoured military.

BLERIOT-LIMOUSINE. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Early in 1913 a special experimental military machine was produced with considerable secrecy.

BLERIOT MILITARY. Special 1913 military. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

BOREL.

G. Borel & Cie, 25 rue Brunel, Paris. Established 1910. Capacity: about 25 machines a year.

Model. | 1913. Monoplane. | 1913. Monocoque Racer. | 1913. Hydro-mono. 2-seater.
Length | 22 feet (6.70 m.) | 19 feet (5.80 m.) | 27 feet (8.30 m.)
Span | 30 feet (9.15 m.) | 26 feet (8.00 m.) | 37 feet (11.25 m.)
Area | 152 sq. ft. (14 m².) | 116 sq. ft. (11 m².) | 237 sq. ft. (22 m².)
Weight | total | 530 lbs. (240 kgs.) | 608 lbs. (276 kgs.) | 880 lbs. (399 kgs.)
| useful | 287 lbs. (130 kgs.) | ... | ...
Motor | 50 Gnome | 80 Gnome | 80 Gnome
Speed | (p.h.) | 71 m. (115 km.) | 94 m. (150 km.) | 62 m. (100 km.)

Note.—The monocoque is of wood and steel construction, the others wood only. The monocoque has coque body, the others ordinary rectangular section. Floats of the hydro as illustrated. For the rest the ordinary mono. is practically on the same lines as the 1912. The racer is somewhat on Deperdussin lines, but the body is built up inside. No fixed tail. The hydro. is an enlarged edition of the mono. Floats display nothing very original, except that a float under tail is interconnected with the rudder, and that the two front floats are fitted for being rowed. Fitted with a self-starter.

1913 Borel. Hydro-avion. By favour of "Flight." Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Hydro-avion.

There is also a Denhaut design, 1913, about the same as a Donnet-Leveque.

Borel. Monocoque. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

BREGUET.

Soc. Anonyme des ateliers d'aviation, Louis Breguet, 16 Boulevard Vauban, Donai (Nord). Capacity: about 200 machines a year. Paris office: 25, Boulevard Jules Sandeau. Schools at La Brayelle, pris Douai, Vélisy-Villacoublay, pris Paris.

1913 models. | G2 bis. 2 or 3-seater biplane. | G3. 3-seater biplane. | C-U1. 2-seater biplane. | C-U2. 2-seater biplane. | Aérhydroplane tandem mono. 2-seater, side by side.
Length | feet (m) | 33 (10) | 29 (8.75) | 29 (8.75) | 29 (8.75) | 29 (8.75)
Span | feet (m) | 49 (15) | 45 (13.65) | 45 (13.65) | 45 (13.65) | 42 (12.80)
Area | sq. feet (m²) | 376 (35) | 377 (36) | 387 (36) | 387 (36) | 387 (36)
Weight | empty, lbs. (kgs.) | 1323 (600) | 1212 (550) | 1430 (649) | 1160 (522) | 1760 (798)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 662 (300) | 882 (400) | 662 (300) | 882 (400) | 662 (300)
Motor | h.p. | 80 Gnome | 100 Gnome | 80 Canton Unmé. | 110 Canton Unmé. | 110 Canton Unmé.
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 62 (100) | 69 (110) | 62 (100) | 71 (115) | 87 (140)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... | ... | ... | 62 (100)
Endurance | hrs. | 3-1/2 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 7
Number built during 1912 | A total of 41 sold | during 1912 for | military purposes. |  | ...

In each case.—

Construction.—All steel.

Landing chassis.—C consists of three wheels each protected by skids. The two main wheels, placed on either side of the centre of gravity, are fitted with patent "Oleopneumatic" shock absorbers. The steering wheel and the front skid have a spring suspension.

Military machines.—The 1912 sales of these were:—32 to France; 5 British; 3 Italian; 1 Swedish.

Steering.—The patented control system consists of a wheel mounted on a pivoted lever. The backward and forward movement of the entire system operates the elevator: the sideway movement warps the rear edge of the upper wings, and the rotation of the wheel steers the machine. The latter operation also governs the front wheel of the landing chassis, so that when on the ground the machine can be steered like a motor car.

Portability.—The main planes can be folded alongside of the fuselage. The machine can then be towed on any ordinary road, or be housed in places such as farm buildings, stables, &c.

Aerhydroplane, 1913-14.

BREGUET. Hydro. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

BREGUET. Biplane. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

BRÉGUET. 1912-13, G3 type 3-seater military. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

C

CAUDRON.

Caudron Fréres, Rue (Somme). Schools: Crotoy and Juvissy. Capacity: about 100-250 a year.

Model and Date. | M2 1912-13 mono. | N. 1912-13 mono. | G.D. 1912-13 mono. | 1913 mono. | B. 1912-13 biplane. | E. 1912-13 biplane. | Monaco type, 1912 hydro-biplane. | 1913 hydro-biplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 20 (6.10) | 19-3/4 (6) | 22 (6.75) | 19-1/4 (5.80) | 26-1/4 (8) | 23-1/2 (7.15) | 22 (6.75) | 32-3/4 (10)
Span | feet (m.) | 31 (9.40) | 26-1/3 (8) | 34 (10.30) | 27-1/3 (8.50) | 32-3/4 (10) | 35-1/2 (10.80) | 33 (10.10) | 46 (14)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 151 (14) | 108 (10) | 268 (25) | 118 (11) | 431 (40) | 301 (28) | 268 (25) | 376 (35)
Weight | machine, lbs. (kgs.) | 518 (235) | 496 (225) | 386 (175) | 490 (225) | 683 (310) | 640 (295) | 772 (350) | 882 (400)
Motor | h.p. | 50 Anzani or Gnome | 50 Anzani | Anzani or Gnome | 50 Gnome. | Anzani or Gnome | Gnome | Gnome | 70 Gnome
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 71 (115) | 84 (135) | 75 (120) | 84 | 56 (90) | 56 (90) | 50 (80) | 50 (80)
Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Notes.--Lateral control, warping. Wood construction. On wheels. Enclosed body. | Lateral control, warping. Wood construction. On wheels as well as floats. (Special Caudron patent.)

1912 hydro. By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

CAUDRON. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

1913 hydro. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

CAUDRON. Mono. By favour of "Flight." Uniform Aeroplane Scale

CLEMENT-BAYARD.

Usines Clement-Bayard, 33 quai Michelet, Levallois-Perret (Seine).

| 1913. Military 3-seater biplane. | 1913. Military single seater monoplane.
Length | feet (m) | 37 (11.20) | 24-2/3 (7.50)
Span | upper feet (m) | 52 (16) | 30 (9.20)
| lower feet (m) | 36 (11) | ...
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 533 (50) | 172 (16)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 2425 (1100) | 1146 (520)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 1014 (460) | 441 (200)
Motor | h.p. | 100 Gnome | 70 Gnome
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 53 (85) | 75 (120)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | ... | ...

Notes.—Control: lateral, warping.

D

D'ARTOIS.

Soc. Anonyme des Anciens Chantiers Tellier, Longuenesse, pres St. Omer. Re-established 1912. Capacity: small.

Model and date. | 1913 model. "Aero torpille" hydro-biplane. | 1913 "Aero torpille" biplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 23 (7) | 24-3/4 (7.50)
Span | feet (m.) | 36 (11) | 36 (11)
| 20 (6) | 20 (6)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 280 (26) | 280 (26)
Weight | empty, lbs. (kgs.) | 772 (350) | 551 (250)
Motor | h.p. | 50 Gnome | 50 Gnome
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 56 (90) | 84 (135)
Endurance | hrs. | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | ... | ...

Notes.—Single long boat body, canoe-shape.

By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

DEPERDUSSIN. Armand Deperdussin, 19 rue des Entrepreneurs, Paris. School: Courey-Betheny (Marne). Established 1910. Capacity: about 150-200 machines a year.

| E 1912-13. school mono. | P 1912-13. single seater mono. | T 1912-13. 2-seater mono. | H 1912-13. 3-seater mono. | Monocoque 1913. 2-seater. | Mono. 1913. 2-seater.
Length | feet (m) | 24 (7.30) | 24 (7.30) | 24 (7.30) | 29 (8.80) | 19 (5.75) | ...
Span | feet (m) | 29 (8.85) | 28 (8.50) | 35 (10.65) | 41 (12.50) | 29-1/2 (8.95) | 36 (11)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | ... | 162 (15) | ... | 310 (28) | 97 (9) | ...
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 661 (300) | 782 (355) | 1212 (550) | 2050 (930) | 882 (400) | ...
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 30 Anzani | 50 Gnome | 70 Gnome | 100 Gnome | 50 Gnome | 80 Gnome
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 50 (80) | 69 (110) | 65 (105) | 69 (110) | 113 (180) | 105 (170)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... | ... | ... | 81 (130) | ...
Endurance | hrs. | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | 2 | 5 | 27 | 3 | 2 | 1

Notes.—Wood construction. Lateral control by warping. Mounted on wheels without skids. Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie.

Principal Deperdussin records: 1912 Gordon Bennett (Vedrines) and a number of world records for speed and distance.

Principal pilots include: Busson, Prévost, Vedrines, Vidart.

50 h.p. monocoque.

DEPERDUSSIN. 80 h.p. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

The 80 h.p. mounted on floats as a hydro.

DONNET-LEVEQUE.

| A 1912. 2-seater hydro-biplane | B 1912. 2-seater hydro-biplane | C 1912. 3-seater hydro-biplane | 1913. 2-seater hydro-biplane
Length | feet (m) | 26 (7.80) | 27 (8.30) | 27 (8.30) | 34-1/2 (10.50)
Span | feet (m) | 29-1/2 (9) | 32-3/4 (10) | 34-1/2 (10.50) | 29-1/2 (9)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 194 (18) | 215 (20) | 237 (22) | 194 (18)
Weight | lbs. (kgs.) | 683 (310) | 772 (350) | 888 (380) | 888 (380)
Motor | h.p. | 50 Gnome | 70 Gnome | 80 Gnome | 50 Gnome
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 69 (110) | 75 (120) | ... | 50 (80)
Endurance | hrs. | ... | ... | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ...

Notes.—Lateral control by warping ailerons. Motor in gap just below upper plane: propeller in rear, direct driven. Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie.

Floats.—One large central boat 27 feet (8.20 m.) long—two small ones at each extremity of lower plane.

By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A.

Uniform Aeroplane Scale

DOUTRE.

Soc. Anonyme Doutre, 58, rue Talbot, Paris.

Type. | Biplane 3-seater, 1912-13. | Biplane 2-seater, 1912-13.
Length | feet (m.) | 40 (12.25) | ...
Span | feet (m.) | 53 (16.10) | ...
|  | 43 (13) | ...
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 533 (50) | ...
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 1323 (600) | 1323 (600)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 992 (450) | 992 (450)
Motor | h.p. | 70 Renault | 50 Renault
Speed | max. m.p.h (km.) | 56 (90) | 56 (90)
Number built during 1912 | 1 | ?

Notes.—Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie. Both types fitted with the Doutre patent stabiliser, which automatically and instantaneously counteracts troubles due to sudden gusts or partial motor failures. Weight of the 1913 model stabiliser is only 44 lbs. (20 kgs.)

Model 1913 stabiliser.

DOUTRE. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

F

FARMAN.

Henry and Maurice Farman, 167, Rue de Silly, Billancourt (Seine) Aerodromes: Buc, pres Versailles and Etampes. Depots: Camp de Chalons—Reims. Established by H. Farman in 1908. M. Farman established works a little later. In 1912 the two brothers combined. The present works were opened in January, 1912, and had an output capacity of at least 300 machines a year in March, 1913.

| H. Farman. Military. 2 or 3-seater. 1912-13. Biplane. | H. Farman. Single-seater. Military. 1913. Biplane. | H. Farman. 2-seater monoplane. | H. Farman. 2-seater special hydro-biplane. 1913. | M. Farman. Military biplane. | M. Farman. Big military biplane. | M. Farman. Staggered biplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 26-1/4 (8) | 24 (7.35) | 24-1/2 (7.50) | 26 (7.90) | 39-1/3 (12) | 46 (14) | 39 (11.90)
Span | feet (m.) | 42-3/4 (13.25) | 31-1/8 (9.50) | 32-3/4 (10) | 45 (13.70) | 50-3/4 (15.50) | 65-3/4 (20) | 36 (11)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 376 (35) | 161 (15) | 204 (19) | 344 (32) | 646 (60) | 861 (80) | 323 (30)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 793 (360) | 640 (295) | 628 (285) | 950 (431) | 1102 (500) | 1433 (650) | 882 (400)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 661 (300) | 386 (175) | ... | ... | 617 (280) | 882 (400) | 551 (250)
Motor | h.p. | 70-80 Gnome | 70-80 Gnome | Designed for Gnomes from 40 up to 160 h.p. | 50 Gnome | 70 Renault | 70 Renault | 70 Renault
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km) | 65 (105) | 71 (15) | ... | 52 (100) | 56 (90) | 44 (70) | 69 (110)
| min. m.p.h. (km) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...

Remarks.—The whole of the above can easily be converted into hydro-avions—two long narrow floats without steps. H. Farmans are of wood and steel construction; M. Farman, wood. In all 1913 biplanes the ailerons are inter-connected. All 1913 machines designed to carry one or in some cases two mitrailleuse, and special attention is paid to facility for taking down for transport and re-assembling. The 1911-12 H. Farmans had elevators forward, were a good deal longer, and had more surface than 1913 models. Ailerons not inter-connected. The M. Farmans generally as now, except that all planes, etc., had rounded edges. On September 11th, 1912, Foury, in an M. Farman military, made world's endurance record to date, 13 hrs. 22 min., covering 631 miles (1,017 km.) All models of this type, also the "big military," are fitted with the Doutre stabiliser. Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie.

Latest Hydro.—In March, 1913, a new hydro was produced experimentally. There is a boat body, without steps, carrying the motor which is chain connected with the propeller. Machine is fitted with wheels and skids as well.

H. Farman. 1912-13 military biplane.

H. Farman. 1913 latest type military biplane.

M. Farman. 1912-13 military biplane.

M. Farman. 1912-13 staggered biplane. This is the type which has done best as a hydro-aeroplane.

G

GOUPY.

A. Goupy, 50, Avenue Marceau, Paris. School: Juvissy (Port Aviation). Capacity: about 30 machines a year.

Model and date. | 1913 A. Staggered biplane. | 1913 B. Staggered biplane. | 1913. Hydro-staggered biplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 25 (7.50) | 26-1/4 (8) | 33 (10)
Span | feet (m.) | 26-1/4 (8) | 42-3/4 (13) | 42 (12.70)
Area | sq. feet (m²) | ... | ... | 480 (45)
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | 992 (450)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | 661 (300)
Motor | h.p. | 50 Gnome | 80 or 100 Gnome | 80 Gnome
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 62 (100) | 75 (120) | 75 (120)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | ... | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | ... | 12 | 1

Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie.

Goupy. Hydro. From "Flight." Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Goupy. Hydro. By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

H

HANRIOT.

Aeroplanes Hanriot & Cie., 145 rue de Neufchatel, Reims. Paris office: 69 boulevard Berthier, Paris. School: Antibes, Reims.

1913 models. Monoplanes. | D I. Single seater. | D II. 2 or 3-seater. | D III. Racer. | D IV. Steel. | D VII.
Length | feet (m.) | 23 (7) | 26-1/3 (8) | 21-3/4 (6.65) | 23 (7) | 23 (7)
Span | feet (m.) | 28-1/3 (8.70) | 42-3/4 (13) | 24 (7.30) | 28-1/3 (8.65) | 36 (10.95)
Area | sq. feet (m²) | 161 (15) | 226 (21) | 91 (8.50) | 161 (15) | 194 (18)
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 661 (300) | 937 (425) | 661 (300) | 661 (300) | 771 (350)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | 616 (280) | ... | 396 (180) | 364 (165)
Motor | h.p. | 50 Anzani | 100 Gnome | 100 Gnome | 50 R. Peugeot | 80 Gnome
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 69 (110) | 78 (125) | 106 (170) | 71 (115) | 71 (115)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...

Notes.—There are also two school types 35 and 45 h.p. Records include 1912 world record for speed with passengers.

None of the above machines represent any very particular divergence from recognised Hanriot practice. D IV is all steel construction, the others wood and steel.

Hanriot

M

MORANE-SAULNIER.

Soc. de constructions aéronautiques, Morane-Saulnier. 206 Boulevard Pereire. Capital: 1,500,000 francs. School: Villacoublay. Output capacity: about 50 machines a year.

| Military, 1913. | 2 places. Tandem.
Length | feet (m.) | 21 (6.38) | 21 (6.38)
Span | feet (m.) | 30-1/5 (9.20) | 33-1/2 (10.20)
Surface | sq. feet (m².) | 151 (14) | 172 (16)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 595 (270) | 617 (280)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 50 h.p. | 80 h.p.
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 75 (120) | 75 (120)
Number built during 1912 | ... | ...

In each case body is of rectangular section, wood, mounted on wheels only, except for the military type which has skids also. Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie.

In all there is a rear elevator and a Chauvière tractor.

Note.—Flown in the European Circuit, 1911, by Vedrines, Gajet, Lesire, Morisson, Verept, Frey, Garnier and Dalgier.

Morane-Saulnier

1913. 100 h.p. Gnome engined.

MOREAU.

Moreau fréres, Combs-la-Ville.

Model and date. | 1913. 2-seater.
Length | feet (m.) | 31 (9.50)
Span | feet (m.) | 39-1/3 (12)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 258 (24)
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 992 (450)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ...
Motor | h.p. | 70 Gnome
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 62 (100)
Number built during 1912 | 2

Notes.—Fitted with a special stabilising device.

MOREAU. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

N

NIEUPORT.

Etablissements Nieuport, 9 rue de Seine, Suresnes (Seine). Established 1910 by the late Edouard Nieuport. Approximate capacity of works: about 100 machines a year. Chief designer during 1911 was Pagny, who has now joined the Hanriot firm.

Model and date. Monoplanes. | II N, 1912. | II G, 1912. | IV G, 1912-13. 2-seater. | IV M, 1912-13. 3-seater. | 1913. 2-seater. | 1913. 1-seater. | 1913. 1-seater. | 1913. Hydro 3-seater.
Length | feet (m.) | 23-2/3 (7.20) | 23-2/3 (7.20) | 25-2/3 (7.80) | 25-2/3 (7.80) | 26-1/4 (8) | 21-3/4 (6.60) | 23 (7) | 29 (8.80)
Span | feet (m.) | 28-1/3 (8.65) | 28-1/3 (8.65) | 36 (10.90) | 39-1/3 (12.10) | 36 (11) | 28-1/3 (8.70) | 27-2/3 (8.40) | 40 (12.20)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | ... | ... | ... | ... | 231 (21-1/2) | 140 (13) | 156 (14-1/2) | 242 (22-1/2)
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 529 (240) | 683 (310) | 771 (350) | 1058 (480) | 771 (350) | 573 (260) | 573 (260) | 1230 (558)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 30 Nieuport | Gnome | Gnome | Gnome | Gnome | 50 Gnome | 30 Nieuport | 100 Gnome
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 75 (120) | 87 (140) | 72 (117) | 72 (117) | 69 (110) | 78 (125) | 69 (110) | 72 (117)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | 75 (120) | 69 (110) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...

Notes.—Early types had a Hanriot style landing carriage; the 1913 models revert to a Bleriot type. Warping wings. Fuselage entirely enclosed, rectilineal with rounded nose.

Nieuport. Hydro. By favour of "Flight." Uniform Aeroplane Scale

P

PAULHAN-CURTISS.

Soc. anonyme d'aviation Paulhan, (S.A.P.) 71 boulevard Berthier, Paris. Flying ground: Bois d'Arcy par St. Ayr (S. et O.) Hydro school: Juan-les-Pins, par Antibes (Alpes Maritimes).

Founded by the well-known aviator, L. Paulhan. He first produced biplanes, then triplanes and finally a monoplane type, the Tatin-Paulhan (1911). These are now all abandoned, and the firm devotes itself to building hydro-aeroplanes under Curtiss (U.S.A.) license. Principal type built are:—

Model and date. Biplanes. | Flying boat. Single-seater. | Flying boat. 2-seater.
Length | feet (m.) | ... | 27 (8.30)
Span | feet (m.) | 35-1/2 (10.80) | 37 (11.30)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | ... | 290 (26-3/4)
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | ... | 948 (430)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 75 Curtiss | 85 Curtiss
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | 2 | 8

PISCHOFF.

Établissements Autoplan, 4 rue Beranger, Boulogne sur Seine (Seine).

This firm has produced various types in the past, but at present, appears confined to constructing to specifications (See Pischoff-Werner last edition).

Paulhan-Curtiss. Flying boat.

R

R.E.P.

Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Billancourt. School: Bue. One of the earliest established French firms. The first to go in for steel construction. Reported to have amalgamated with Breguet in 1912, but this fell through.

Model. Steel monoplanes. | 1912. 1-seater. | 1912. 2-seater. | 1912. Military. 3-seater. | 1913. 2-seater. | 1913. Hydro-mono. 2-seater.
Length | feet (m.) | 25-1/3 (7.70) | 25-1/3 (7.70) | 25-1/3 (7.70) | 23 (7) | 25 (7.50) |
Span | feet (m.) | 35 (10.70) | 38-1/3 (11.70) | 38-1/3 (11.70) | 36 (11) | 38-1/4 (11.60) |
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 215 (20) | 237 (22) | 323 (30) | 237 (22) | 323 (20) |
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 882 (400) | 661 (300) | 882 (400) | 595 (270) | ... |
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
Motor | make and h.p. | 60 Rep. | 66 Rep. | 90 Rep. | 95 Rep. | 80 Rep. |
Speed | max. mph. (km.) | 69 (110) | 69 (110) | 69 (110) | 78 (125) | 78 (125) |
| min. mph. (km.) | ... | ... | ... | 62 (100) | 62 (100) |
Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

Remarks:—Steel construction. Pentagonal and triangular body. Mounted on wheels and skids. The hydro is on one very large central float.

Flight. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

S

SANCHEZ BESA.

2 avenue de Villiers, Paris.

Model and date. | 1912. Hydro-biplane. | 1912. Hydro-biplane. | 1913. Hydro-biplane. (amphibious)
Length | feet (m.) | 34 (10.40) | ... | 32-3/4 (10)
Span | feet (m.) | 54 (16.40) | 55-3/4 (17) | 54-3/4 (16.60)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 646 (60) | ... | 646 (60)
Weight | àvide lbs. (kgs.) | 1984 (900) | ... | 1102 (500)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 100 Renault | 70 Renault | 70 Renault
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 56 (90) | ... | 50 (80)
Endurance | hrs. | 5 | 5 | 6
Number built during 1912 | 3 | 1 | 1

Notes.—Wood and steel construction.

Controls.—Ailerons and rear elevators. Floats: The first has two and the second three floats. The 1913 model has a single boat body mounted on wheels.

1913 hydro.

SAVARY.

Soc. anonyme des aeroplanes. Robert Savary, 31 rue Dunois, Paris. School: Chartres. Output capacity: 100 to 150 machines a year.

Model and date. | 1912. Biplane. | 1912. Military (3-seater.) | 1913. Biplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 36 (11) | 33-1/2 (10.15) | 38-1/2 (11.70)
Span | feet (m.) | 46 (14) | 49 (14.90) | 49-1/4 (15)
|  | 33 (10) | 37 (11.20) | 33 (10)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 510 (48) | 533 (50) | 550 (52)
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 1132 (600) | ... | 1132 (600)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | various | 70 Labor | 75 Renault(Gnome or Labor)
Speed | max m.p.h. (km.) | 56 (90) | ... | 59 (96)
| min m.p.h. (km.) | 50 (80) | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | ... | 47 | ...

Notes.—Wood and steel construction. Control: ailerons and rear elevator. Landing gear: wheels and skids. Special features: There are 4 rudders in the gap, and 2 tractors, chain driven. Aeroplatte fabric.

SAVARY. 1913. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

SLOAN. "Bicurve."

Sloan & Cie, 17 rue de Louvre, Paris. Works: 9 rue Victor Hugo, Charenton. Flying ground: Port Aviation. Output capacity: small.

Model and date. | 1912. | 1913.
Length | feet (m.) | 31-1/3 (9.50) | 29 (8.70)
Span | feet (m.) | 42-3/4 (13) | 42-1/2 (12.90)
Area | sq. feet (m²) | 527 (49) | 473 (44)
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 1100 (500) | 662 (300)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 100 Gnome | 120 Laviator
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 59 (95) | 65 (105)
Number built during 1912 | ... | ...

Notes.—Wood construction. Wheels and skids landing gear. Control: ailerons and rear elevator.

Sloan.

SOMMER.

Ateliers Roger Sommer, Mouzon, Ardennes. Flying grounds: Douzy, Mourmelon, Vidammé.

| Monoplanes. | Biplanes.
Model and date. | E 1912. | 1913. | K 1912. Single seater. | R 1912. 2 or 3-seater | S 1912. | L 1912. | R3 1913. 2 or 3-seater
Length | feet (m.) | 22 (6.70) | 23 (7) | 39-1/4 (12) | 36 (11) | 31 (9.50) | 29-1/2 (9) | 38-2/3 (11.70)
Span | feet (m.) | 28-1/2 (8.70) | 26-1/4 (8) | 39-1/4 (12) | 51 (15.50) | 42 (12.80) | 39-1/4 (12) | 46 (14)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 172 (16) | 172 (16) | 215 (20) | 533 (50) | 350 (32) | ... | 575 (54)
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 595 (270) | 617 (280) | 617 (280) | 992 (450) | 597 (275) | 639 (290) | 882 (400)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 50 Anzani or Gnome | 50 Gnome | Various | Various | Various | Various | 70 Renault
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 84 (135) | 84 (135) | 61 (98) | 50 (80) | 57 (92) | 56 (90) | 56 (90)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | 67 (108) | 65 (105) | 53 (85) | ... | 53 (84) | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | 4 | 4 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Wood and steel construction. Landing: carriage wheels. Control: warping and rear elevator. Rectangular body. | Wood and steel construction. Landing: wheels and skids. Control: ailerons and front rear elevator.

SOMMER. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

T

TRAIN.

E. Train, Buoy, Camp de Chalons (Marne).

Model and date. Monoplanes. | 1-seater. | 2-seater. | Hydro-mono.
Length | feet (m.) | 26-1/4 (8) | 26-1/4 (8) | 26-1/4 (8)
Span | feet (m.) | 30-3/4 (9.30) | 35 (10.66) | 42-1/2 (12.94)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 172 (16) | 215 (20) | ...
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 573 (260) | 617 (280) | ...
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 30/60 Anzani | 70 Gnome | 80 Gnome
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 59 (95) | 65 (105) | ...
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | 47 (75) | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ...

Notes.—Steel construction. Landing: carriage wheels and skids. Control: warping and rear elevator. The hydro has one very large float which extends a considerable distance ahead of the tractor.

TRAIN. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

TUBAVION.

Ponche & Primaud, Long.

Model and date. | Monoplane. 1913.
Length | feet (m.) | 29 (8.85)
Span | feet (m.) | 29-1/2 (9)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 194 (18)
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 772 (350)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ...
Motor | h.p. | 70 Gnome
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 65 (105)
Number built during 1912 | 1

Notes.—Tubular steel construction. Landing: wheels and 2 very long skids. Propeller: amidships.

TUBAVION. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

V

VINET.

Gaston Vinet, 41-47 quai de Seine, Courbevoie: also 2-8 rue Larnac. Established for automobile work, 1893. Aeroplane output capacity: small.

Model and date. | Type D 1912 mono. | 1913. Mono.
Length | feet (m.) | 21-1/2 (6.60) | 21 (6.40)
Span | feet (m.) | 28-1/2 (8.60) | 28 (8.50)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 162 (15) | 162 (15)
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 550 (250) | 440 (200)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 50 Gnome | 50 Gnome
Speed | max m.p.h. (km.) | 56 (90) | 60 (95)
Number built during 1912 | 6 | ...

Notes.—Wood construction. Landing wheels and skids. Control: warping and rear elevator. Rectangular body. The two types are practically identical.

VINET. Type D. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

VOISIN.

Voisin Aéroplanes, Boulevard Gambetta, Issy le Molineux, (Seine). School: Mourmelon. Capital 1,000,000 francs. The oldest aeroplane firm in the world, founded by the Brothers Voisin in 1905. (See past editions).

Latest models are:

Model and date. | Military biplane. Model 1912. | Hydro-biplane. Model 1912. | Military biplane. Model 1913.
Length | feet (m.) | 37-3/4 (11.50) | 36 (11) | 32-3/4 (10)
Span | feet (m.) | 55-3/4 (17) | 43-1/4 (13.50) | 45-1/3 (13.80)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 387 (36) | 376 (35) | 398 (37)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 1367 (620) | 1212 (550) | 1102 (500)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 772 (350) | 661 (300) | 794 (360)
Motor | h.p. | 70 Renault | 100 Gnome | 80 Gnome
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 62 (100) | 62 (100) | 65 (105)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | 47 | 8 | ...

Canard with floats. By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A.

Z

ZODIAC.

Société Zodiac, 10 route du Havre, Puteaux pres Paris (Seine). Aero park: St. Cyr l'Ecole pres Versailles. Established 1896. Capital 850,000 francs.

Model and date. | S2. 1913.
Length | feet (m.) | 38-3/4 (11.75)
Span | feet (m.) | 49 (15)
| feet (m.) | 36 (11)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 350 (32)
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 1010 (460)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 551 (250)
Motor | h.p. | 50 Gnome
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 59 (95)
Number built during 1912 | ...

Notes.—Wood construction. Control: Ailerons and 1 rear elevator. Upper planes staggered 30 in advance of lower. Quadrilateral fuselage. Piloted passenger side by side. Landing carriage: 2 wheels and 1 skid. Aeroplatte fabric.

The 1912 model was practically the same.

ZODIAC. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

FRENCH DIRIGIBLES.

Military.

Date. | Name. | Make. | Type. | Capacity in m³. | H.P. | Speed. m.p.h. (K) | Notes.
1909 | LIBERTÉ | Lebaudy | s.r. | 4800 | 120 | 28 (45) |
1910 | COL. RENARD | Astra | n.r. | 4100 | 100 | 30 (50) |
1911 | ADJUTANT REAU | Astra 10 | n.r. | 8950 | 220 | 32 (53) |
" | LIEUT. CHAURE | Astra 11 | n.r. | 8950 | 220 | 32 (53) |
" | ADJ. VINCENNOT | C. Bayard 4 | n.r. | 7500 | 75 | 29 (48) |
" | SELLE DE BEAUCHAMP | Lebaudy | s.r. | 8000 | 75 | 30 (50) |
" | CAPT. MARÉCHAL | Lebaudy | s.r. | 7500 | 160 |  |
" | LE TEMPS | Zodiac 9 | n.r. | 2500 | 75 | 29 (48) |
" | CAPT. FERBER | Zodiac 10 | n.r. | 6000 | 180 | 33 (54) |
" | COMDT. COUTELLE | Zodiac 11 | n.r. | 9000 | 380 | 37 (60) |
1912 | SPIESS | Zodiac 12 | r. | 11000 | 400 | 40 (65) |
" | FLEURUS | C. Bayard 5 | n.r. | 6500 | 150 | 36 (58) |
" | ECLAIREUR CONTÉ | Astra 12 | n.r. | 6640 | 75 | 28 (46) |
" | DUPUY DE LÔME | C. Bayard 6 | n.r. | 9700 | 244 | 35-1/2 (58) |
Building | A | Astra | ? |  |  |  |
| B | C. Bayard 7 | ? |  |  |  |
| C | Lebaudy | ? | 17000 | 1000 | 43-1/2 (70) |
| D | Zodiac 13 | ? |  |  |  |
|  |  | ? |  |  |  |
Pro. | 7 new 20,000 c.m. |  | ? |  |  |  |

Military sheds at Belfert, Epinal, Maubenge, Reims, Toul, Verdun (2).—Total 7.

During the year 1912 the principal work done was as follows:—

Name. | Hours out. | Distance travelled. m. (km.) | Gas used. m³
C. Ferber | 152 | 3540 (5900) | 45,500
Adj. Reau | 105-1/2 | 2310 (3845) | 81,000
Dupuy de Lôme | 100 | 2655 (4424) | 66,500
Adj. Vincennot | 55 | 1340 (2235) | 50,000
Le Temps | 23 | 440 (700) | 9,000
Fleurus | 3-3/4 | 100 (159) | 19,000

Army Dirigible Pilots.

Airault, F.
Balny D'Avricourt
Baudry, A.
Bayard de Mendoca
Clerget, P.

Cohen, A.
Herbster, M.
Hirschaner, Col.
Juchmès, G.
Mugnier, Capt.

Noe, Martial
Périssé, Y.
Renard, Col. P.
Roussel, A.
Schelcher, A.

Note.—There are no dirigibles attached to the Navy.

Private.

Date. | Name. | Make. | Type. | Capacity in m³. | H.P. | Speed. m.p.h. (k.p.h.) | Remarks.
1909 | ASTRA | Astra 7 | n.r. | 4475 | 100 | 27 (43) |
1909 | ZODIAC III | Zodiac 3 | n.r. | 1400 | 40 | 28 (45) |
1911 | ASTRA TORRES | Astra | n.r. | 1930 | 55 | 34 (56) |
1912 | TRANSAERIENNE II | Astra 13 | n.r. | 9000 | 350 | 34 (56) |

Private sheds at Chalons-s-Marre, Issy (2), Lamotte-Breuil, Meaux, Melun, Mousson, Reims, Pau, St. Cyr (2).—Total 11.

32 sheds are building or projected by the National Aviation Committee.

Private Dirigible Pilots.

Capazza, Louis
Godart, Louis
Julliott, Henri

Kapferer, Henri
La Vaulx (de) Compte

Santo-Dumont, Albert
Surcouf, Edward

ASTRA CLASS.

Astra Societe de Constructions Aeronautique, 13, Rue Couchot, and 121, Rue de Bellevue, Billancourt.

This Society was founded by Surcouf for the production of ordinary balloons. The first dirigible work was building part of the old Lebaudy in 1903, followed in 1906 by the Ville de Paris. The total number of dirigibles of this type completed by the end of 1912 stood at 14, one very large dirigible in hand for the French Army, and one small one for the British Navy, and another for the Russian Army.

Owing to changes in names, or owing to two names getting supplied to one ship, confusion frequently exists as to the names of the Astra dirigibles. The correct list is as follows:—

1. | Part of the LEBAUDY | 1903
2. | VILLE DE PARIS | 1906
3. | VILLE DE BORDEAUX | 1908
4. | VILLE DE NANCY | 1909
5. | Russian Military dirigible, KOMMISSIONNY, originally known as CLEMENT-BAYARD I | 1909
6. | COLONEL RENARD | 1909
7. | ASTRA-TRANSAERIENNE-VILLE DE PAU-VILLE DE LUCERNE[C] | 1909
8. | ESPANA (Spanish Military) | 1909
9. | VILLE DE BRUXELLES | 1910
10. | LIEUT. CHAURE (French Military) | 1911
11. | ADJUTANT RÉAU (French Military) | 1911
12. | ECLAIREUR CONTÉ (French Military) | 1912
13. | TRANSAERIENNE II | 1912
14. | ASTRA-TORRES I | 1911

[C] This ship has frequently figured as four different dirigibles.

The general features of the Astra class are: Non-rigid, weights distributed by means of a long girder hung under the gas bags, a long nacelle, and inflated stabilising shapes at the rear end of the balloon.

The Astra-Torres type are also non-rigid, but of trefoil section with a short nacelle.

The Compagnie Generale Transaerienne was first established in 1909 with Transaerienne I, and during the summers 1909, 1910 and 1911, this ship made a total of 273 ascents, carried 2590 passengers, and voyaged 7990 kilometres.

The Astra firm has dirigible hangers at Issy, Pau, Meaux, and Reims. Its constructional capacity is sufficient to build six dirigibles at any one time.

FRENCH DIRIGIBLES

"ASTRA I-TRANSAERIEN-VILLE DE PAU-VILLE DE LUCERNE" (1909).

Maximum length, 197 feet (60 m.) maximum diameter, 40 feet (12.20 m.) volume, 158,000 c. feet (4,475 m³.)

Total lift.—Just over 7 tons=15,763 lbs. (7,150 kgs.) Useful lift, lbs. ( kgs.)

Gas bags.—Continental rubbered fabric, yellow.

Motor.—One 90-100 C. Bayard.

Speed.—27 m.p.h. (43 k.p.h.)

Propellers.—One.

SIDE ELEVATION

FRENCH DIRIGIBLES (Non-rigid)

COLONEL RENARD. Military (1909).

Maximum length, 213 feet (65 m.) maximum diameter, 35 feet (10.50 m.) volume, 145,000 c. feet (4,200 m³.)

Total lift.—9,921 lbs. (4,500 kgs.)=about 4½ tons.

Gas bags.—Yellow coloured rubber proofed Continental fabric.

Motor.—One 110 h.p. 4-cylinder Panhard.

Speed.—29 m.p.h.

Propellers.—1, at the front end of the car. "Integrale."

Steering.—Elevators.

Remarks.—The two side stabilising shapes are duplicated, as they were in the Ville de Paris. A webbing stretched on steel tubes is introduced between the inner edges of the 4 main stabilising shapes to provide extra stabilising surface.

COLONEL RENARD. Uniform Dirigible Scale.

Note.—An elevator aft has since been added.

Improved Col. Renard's are:—

LIEUT. CHAURE. Military (1911).

ADJUTANT RÉAU. Military (1911)

TRANSAERIEN II (1911).

Particulars of these are as follows:—

| Lieut. Chaure. | Adjutant Reau. | Transaerien II.
Length | 275-1/2 feet (83.8 m.) | 285 feet (86.78 m.) | 250 feet (76.25 m.)
Diameter | 46 feet (14 m.) | 46 feet (14 m.) | 46 feet (14 m.)
Volume | 312,550 c. ft. (8,850 m³.) | 314,000 c. ft. (8950 m³.) | 318,000 c. ft. (9,000 m³.)
Motors | 2 Panhard, each 110 h.p. | 2 Brasier, each 110 h.p. | 2 of 175 h.p. each
Speed (p.h.) | 32 m. (53 km.) | 32 m. (53 km.) | 34 m. (56 km.)

Notes.—All have 1 propeller forward of 6 m. diameter, and 2 aft of 3.70 m. The Lieut. Chaure's empeunage is by ballonets; in the other two a cellular system and automatic stabilisation are the special feature.

Appearance practically the same as for Colonel Renard.

ÉCLAIREUR CONTÉ. Military. (1912)

Nominal volume, 6,500 m³.

Length, 213 feet (65 m.) diameter, 46 feet (14 m.) volume, 234,500 c. feet (6,640 m³.)

Ballonets.—Volume, 71,770 c. feet (2,032 m³) empeunage: cellular.

Nacelle.—Length, 115 feet (35 m.) Breadth, 5½ feet (1.60 m.) Height about 6 feet (2-1.50 m.)

Motor.—2 Chenu, 80 h.p. Hele-Shaw clutch.

Speed.—About 28 m.p.h. (43-45 km.p.h.)

Propellers.—2 central aft, each of 4 m. (13 feet) diameter. 650 r.p.m.

Empeunage.—Cellular, Stabilisation automatic.

Notes.—In this type the usual Astra style, rear of gas bag, is entirely done away with. Surface of each elevator is 18², of the rudder 33 m². There are 2 petrol reservoirs, each of 180 litre capacity.

Weights.

| lbs. | (kgs.)
Crew | 838 | (380)
Details | 1367 | (620)
Tools, etc. | 220 | (100)
"Lest d'altitude" | 2205 | (1000)
"Lest d'altitude" securité | 661 | (300)
Total | 5291 | (2400)

ASTRA-TORRES I.

Length, 157 feet (47.72 m.) diameter, 33 feet (10 m.) volume, 68,150 c. feet (1,930 m³.)

Ballonets.—Volume, 11,300 c. feet (320 m³.)

Nacelle.—Length, 18 feet (5.50 m.) Breadth, 5 feet (1.50 m.) Height, 6½ feet (2 m.)

Useful lift.—1,219 lbs. (553 kgs.)

Motor.—1 Chenu, 55 h.p., at 1,380 r.p.m. Clutch, Ruban.

Speed.—31 m.p.h. (50 km.) Endurance about 5 hours.

Propeller.—1 in rear of nacelle. Diameter, 14¾ feet (4.50 m.)

Notes.—The special feature of this type is that it is constructed in three lobes, two below and one above. This particular ship is merely experimental, and is known as a "Vedette." Three models of it are to be obtained, (1) this 55 h.p. of 1,930 m³. volume. (2) a 75 h.p. of 2,000 m³. nominal volume. (3) a 110 h.p. of from 3,000-3,500 m³. volume. This latter is designed to have two propellers instead of one.

Larger editions of the type are also projected as follows:—

"Scouts:" 4500-6300 m³. of 200 h.p. (2 motors.)
"Transaeriens:" 7,000-8,000 m³. of 400 h.p. (2 motors.)
"Dreadnoughts:" 12,000 m³. or so, of 750 h.p. (4 motors.)

Uniform Dirigible Scale.

CLEMENT-BAYARD CLASS.

Usines Clement-Bayard, 33, quai Michelet, Levallois-Perret (Seine).

These dirigibles closely resemble the Astra class in some main particulars; but (excepting I) differ from them in the sharp sterns and absence of stabilisers on stern.

The ships of this class are:—

1 | CLEMENT-BAYARD | I(Kommissionny) | Russian Military
2 | " | II | British Military (wrecked)
3 | " |  |
4 | " | IV (Adjutant Vincennot) | French Military
5 | " | V (Fleurus) | "
6 | " | VI | Private
7 | " | VII | French Military (building), To be of 17,000 m³.

ADJUTANT VINCENNOT. Military. (1911.) (Clement-Bayard IV.)

Maximum length, 251 feet (76.50 m.) maximum diameter, 43 feet (13.22 m.) volume, 7,500 m³.

Total lift.—Nearly 8 tons (8,000 kgs.) Useful lift, 2¾ tons (2717 kgs.)

Gasbags.—Continental rubbered fabric. Weight, 380 grammes per m². Strength 1,000 kg. per metre. Leakage under 10 litres per m² per 24 hours.

Motors.—2 Clement motors, 4-cylinder, of 130 h.p., each placed on either side of the motor space.

Speed.—35 m.p.h. (56 km.)

Propellers.—2 Chauvière. Diameter, 19¾ feet (6 m.) Placed one on either side of the motors, well above the level.

Steering.—Vertical steering by means of a treble horizontal rudder over the rear end of the car. Horizontal steering by means of 2 vertical rudders placed one on each side of the rear horizontal rudder.

Remarks.—The feature of this C.B. type, which distinguishes it from the Astra ships of about the same size, is the arrangement of the propellers and the use of a 2 speed gear in connection with these. Normally each motor drives its own propeller through two sets of gearing connected by a Cardan shaft. On stopping one motor, the stopped motor is unclutched from its propeller shaft, which is then connected up by chain drive to the opposite shaft. The running motor is then put on to a "low gear," so that it can make the revolutions necessary for obtaining full power, while the propellers run slower than before. The ratio of "low gear" to "high" is 2 to 1, so that a single motor will be running under its best conditions when well throttled down.

A sister, C. Bayard II was sold to the British Army, and wrecked or dismantled, 1911.

LIST OF WEIGHTS.

| kgs.
Gas bag | 1,350
Valves (4) | 45
Suspension | 195
Girder (complete with fittings)
| Bow portion (6 m. long.) | 128
| Engine room (2.5 m.) | 1,390
| Bridge and passenger space (12 m.) | 957
| After part (18 m.) | 182
| Raised tail (4.5 m.) | 63
2 Propeller brackets | 378
2 Propellers | 230
Rudders | 150
Water | 140
Trail ropes | 75
| Total | 5,283
| Lift | 8,000
Balance, for ballast fuel, oil, crew | 2,717

FLEURUS. Military. (C.B. V.) (1912.)

C. BAYARD VI. (Private.) (1913.)

These two are slightly smaller sisters of the Adjutant Vincennot.

FRENCH DIRIGIBLES (Semi-rigid).

LEBAUDY CLASS.

Ateliers Lebaudy Frères, Moisson, par La Roche-Guyon (Seine-et-Oise).

DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS:

The cars are short and suspended from a long keel which is suspended close up to the gas bag, and is mostly covered in with fireproof canvas.

The rear end of the keel is expanded into fixed vertical and horizontal fins, and carries a vertical and a horizontal rudder.

The rear end of the gas bag is fitted with thin fixed planes (compare with the pear shaped or tubular fins of the "Astra" class).

The cars are provided underneath with an extraordinarily strong conical structure, which takes the shock of striking the ground and distributes it over the whole car.

Aeroplanes are now fitted, one each side of the keel, well forward.

Ships of this class which have been built:—

| LEBAUDY I | French Military Airship. | Rebuilt 1909 into Lebaudy II. | now discarded
1. | LEBAUDY II | " | Original Lebaudy I rebuilt. Known as Le Jaune. | now discarded
2. | PATRIE |  | Lost in a storm.
3. | REPUBLIQUE | French Military Airship. | Wrecked Autumn, 1909.
4. | LA RUSSIE | Sold to Russian Government. | Now Lebed.
5. | LIBERTÉ | French Military Airship.
6. | CAPITAINE MARECHAL | "
7. | "MORNING POST" | British Military. | (Lebaudy III.) Wrecked 1911
8. | LIEUT. SELLE DE BEAUCHAMP. | French Military Airship.
9. | New ship of 17,000 m³ building. | "
To Lebaudy designs:—
ONE | Austrian Military Airship.

Name | LIBERTÉ | CAPITAINE MARÉCHAL. | SELLE DE BEAUCHAMP. | New ship. Building.
Date | 1909. | 1911. | 1911. | 1913-14.
Service | Military. | Military. | Military. | Military.
Volume | c. feet (m³) | 4800 | 7500 | 8000 | 17,000
Length | feet (m.) | 220 (67) | 279 (85) | 292 (89) |
Diameter | feet (m.) | 35-1/2 (10.80) | 42 (12.80) | 48 (14.00) |
Gasbags | fabric | Lebaudy | Lebaudy | Lebaudy |
| ballonets | 1 | ... | ... |
Lift | total tons | 4-1/2 | ... | 9 |
| useful tons | ... | ... | ... |
Motors | h.p. | 1--135 Panhard | 2--80 Panhard | 2--80 Panhard |
Propellers | number | 2 wood | 2 wood | 2 wood |
| blades | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| diam. feet (m.) | ... | 16-1/2 (5) | 16-1/2 (5) |
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 31 (50) | 28 (45) | 28 (45) |
Endurance | hrs. | ... | ... | ... |
Complement | ... | ... | 5 |

FRENCH DIRIGIBLES (Non-rigid).

ZODIAC CLASS.

Société française de ballons dirigeables et d'aviation, Zodiac, 10 route du Havre, Puteaux (Seine).

These dirigibles were intended primarily for private pleasure purposes. Consequently they are designed to fly when filled with coal gas if necessary.

Every effort is made to render them easily transportable; the long girder frame by which the weight is distributed is made to take to pieces.

It is held in France that numbers of this class of vessel would form an invaluable asset in time of war, as each could be transported in a single cart, filled with a very few bottles of hydrogen, and when so filled could manuvre for some 6 hours at a speed which compares favourably with that of the standard types.

When the service of reconnaissance was performed, the vessel could be packed up and sent out of harm's way in an hour, whereas this could scarcely be done with a larger vessel on account of the quantity of hydrogen that would be required if it had to be filled afresh for each service. The mooring of an airship in the open during war requires such an amount of preparation and attention as to be a serious drawback to the alternative plan of keeping such vessels unfilled, while the sending of an airship back to its distant shed on each occasion means doubling the work that the ship is called upon to perform.

Ships of class are:—

1. | ZODIAC I (Petit Journal)
2. | ZODIAC II (De la Vaulx)
3 | ZODIAC III
4 | ZODIAC IV | Dutch Military
5. | ZODIAC V | South American (private)
6. | ZODIAC VI | Sold to United States
7 | ZODIAC VII | Sold to Russian Army
8. | ZODIAC VIII | "
9. | ZODIAC IX (Le Temps) | French Army
10. | ZODIAC X (Capitaine Ferber) | "
11. | ZODIAC XI (Commandant Coutelle) | "
12. | ZODIAC XII (Spiess) | " (rigid)

ZODIAC III.

Maximum length, 134 feet (40.8 m.) maximum diameter, 28 feet (8.5 m.) volume, 1,400 m³.

Total lift.—1½ tons (1,540 kgs.) Useful lift, lbs. ( kgs.)

Gas bags.—Light continental rubbered fabric.

Motor.—Ballot, 4-cylinder, 40-45 h.p., 1,200 r.p.m.

Speed.— m.p.h. (45 km.p.h.)

Propellers.—Driven at 600 r.p.m. Integral type, 12¼ feet (3.75 m.) in diameter. Pitch, 6½ feet (2 m.) in rear of the car.

Steering.—Vertical balanced rudder in rear of the vertical fin, under the rear of the gas bag. Double elevator above the fore end of the car. Horizontal fins of material spread on iron frames on either side of the rear end of the car.

Remarks.—The car consists of a 130 feet (40 m.) long wooden girder, which can be divided into 4 separate parts of 13 feet (4 m.) each. The suspension is by steel wires fitted with adjusting screws at the lower ends and toggles at the upper ends, by which they connect to the crows' feet which are sewn to the suspension strips.

ZODIAC III.

DETAILED WEIGHTS OF ZODIAC III.

| kgs. | lbs.
Gas bag (including ballonet) | 330 | 727½
Valves | 12 | 26½
Suspension wires and gear | 15 | 33
Tail fins | 24 | 53
Horizontal rudder | 10 | 22
Vertical rudder | 10 | 22
Girder car | 168 | 370¼
Motor (including pump, magneto, lubricating gear, etc.) | 275 | 606¼
Motor bearer and gear | 22 | 48½
Petrol tank | 10 | 22
Radiator | 25 | 55
Reduction gearing | 12 | 26½
Shafting | 15 | 33
Fan | 9 | 20
Steering gear | 5 | 11
Water | 8 | 17¾
Petrol | 20 | 44
Miscellaneous: 4 men | 300 | 661
Total | 1,270 | 2,800 about
Ballast | 270 | 595
Total weight | 1,540 | Total lift 3,395

LE TEMPS. Military. (Alias ZODIAC IX.)

Maximum length, 164 feet (50.25 m.) maximum diameter, 29½ feet (9 m.) volume, 81,250 cubic feet (2,300 m³.)

Total lift.—

Gas bag, etc.—2 ballonets, each of 257 m³.

Motor.—Dansette-Gillet. 60 h.p.

Propellers.—2, chain driven, one on either side of car.

Speed.—

Steering.—Elevator in nacelle amidships. Rudder aft.

Remarks.—

LE TEMPS. Uniform Dirigible Scale.

CAPITAINE FERBER. Military.
(Alias ZODIAC X.)

Maximum length, 249-1/3 feet (76 m.) maximum diameter, 40½ feet (12.36 m.) volume, 6,000 m³.

This ship has 2 ballonets of 650 m³. each, and a car 35×13×2 m., made up of 5 sections. 2 motors. Dansette-Gillette, 90 h.p., each actuating 2 propellers (4-bladed), geared to 500 r.p.m. Carries petrol for 15 hours work. Completed 1911.

Photo, Branger.

CAPITAINE FERBER. Uniform Dirigible Scale.

COMMANDANT COUTELLE. Military.
(ZODIAC XI.)

(Enlarged Captaine Ferber.) Building.

Maximum length, 292 feet (89 m.) maximum diameter, 46 feet (14 m.) volume, 9,000 m³.

Gas bags, etc.—2 ballonnets, each 45,900 c. feet (1,300 m³.)

Nacelle.—Nickel steel in 5 sections. Length, 131¼ (40 m.) Width, 4½ feet (1.30 m.) Hung 16½ feet (5 m.) below the balloon. Pilot in centre. Carries a total crew of six, petrol and oil for 15 hours' continuous work at full power.

Motors.—2, each of 190 h.p.=total of 380 h.p. Placed one at either end of the nacelle.

Propellers.—4, of 15 feet (4.50 m.) diameter. Two geared to each motor to half engine speed.

Speed (expected).—37 m.p.h. (60 k.p.h.)

ZODIAC XII. Rigid. Military.
(SPIESS.)

Spiess. Building. Photo, Branger.

Maximum length, 341 feet (104 m.) maximum diameter, 42¾ feet (13 m.) volume, 11,000 m³.

Gas bags.—Sections 11. Number of cylindrical sections 8. Number of sides to polygon 14.

Motors.—Two 6-cylinder 200 h.p. in each nacelle, each driving 2 propellers of 15 feet (4.50 m.) diameter.

Speed. (expected)—40 m.p.h. (65 k.p.h.)

GERMAN.

(By our special German editor.)

Aerial Journals:—

Deutsche Luftfahrer Zeitschrift fur Luftschffahr Berlin, W. (Fortnightly).

Allgemeine Automobil Zeitung, Berlin (Weekly).

Automobil Welt, Berlin (Thrice Weekly).

Das Deutsche Auto, Munich (Weekly).

Die Luftflotte, Berlin (Monthly).

Internationale Revue für Autowesen & Aviatik, Leipzig (Fortnightly).

Flugsport, Frankfurt (Fortnightly).

Motor, Berlin (Monthly).

Der Motorwagen, Berlin (Thrice Monthly).

Monatshefte der Reichsfliegerstiftung, Charlottenburg (Monthly).

Zeitschrift für Flugtechnik & Motorluftschiffahrt, Berlin (Fortnightly).

Private Flying Grounds (Military see further on):—

Adlershof, Teil des Flugfeldes Johannisthal (Wright School).

Bork, Post Brück in der Mark (Mars School).

Burg bei Magdeburg (Schulze School).

Darmstadt (Truppenübungsplatz).

Dotzheim bei Wiesbaden.

Frankfurt a.M. (August Euler).

Fühlungen bei Köln (Kölner Club für Flugsport).

Garching b. München (Hoffman-Harlan).

Griesheim b. Frankfurt a.M. (Frankfurter Flugsport-Club & Flugtechn. Verein).

Habsheim b. Mülhausen i.E. (Aviatik).

Hainberg b. Nürnberg (Flugtechn. Ges. Nürnberg-Fürth).

Hamburg (Grade).

Holten. Niederrh. Verein f.L. (Hilsmann).

Johannisthal b. Berlin Flugschule Albatros, Dorner, Harlan, Fokker, Luftverkehrs-ges. m.b.H., Rumpler & Wright.

Kitzingen in Bayern, 1911 (Hildebrand & Schroth).

Lindenthal b. Leipzig. (School for Deutschen Flugzengwerke).

Loddenheide b. Münster.

Meerheimb b. Köln.

Milbertshofen b. München (Dr. Wittenstein).

Neuenlande b. Bremen (Müller-Aviatik, Bremer v.t.L.)

Niederwalluf, 1911 (Goedecker).

Oberwiesenfeld bei München (Gustav Otto).

Puchheim b. München.

Reichenberg-Boxdorf b. Dresden.

Schneverdingen (Oertz).

Schulzendorf b. Berlin (A.E.G.)

Strassburg i.E., "Polygon" (E.E.C. Mathis).

Suechteln.

Teltow bei Berlin.

Velten bei Berlin (A.E.G.)

Wandsbek, Exerzierplatz, 1911 (Rumpler und Jordan).

Weimar (Wright).

Wustenbrand b. Chemnitz (Flugtechn. Ges. in Chemnitz).

Zahlbach b. Mainz (School for Aut. & Flugtechnik).

GERMAN AERIAL CLUBS.

Aerial Societies:—

Aachener V. f. L. Aix la Chapelle.

Aero Club (Imperial), 3, Nollenderfplatz, Berlin. Sec.: H. Von Frankenberg und Ludwigsdorf.

Akademie für Aviatik, Munich.

Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil Club, Munich.

Anhaltischer V. f. L. (E. U.) M. Antoineatten str. 22a, Dessau.

Augsburger Verein für Luftschiffahrt, Augsburg.

Automobil-und Flugtechnische-Gesellschaft (E. V.) Nurnberger Platz 5, Haupyverein Berlin, Hochster Str. 1, Bezirksverein Frankfurt a. M, Neuer Wall 44, II, Hamburg.

Bayerischer A. K. Munich.

Berliner V. f. L., Berlin.

Bilterfeldt V. f. L., Bilterfeld.

Braunschweigische V. f. L.

Breisgau V. f. L., Freiburg.

Bremer V. f. L. (E. V.) N. W., Obernstr, 52/54 I, Bremen.

Bromberger V. f. L. (E. V.) O, Gasanstalt, Bromberg, Stadt.

Chemnitzner V. f. L.

Deutsche Touring Club, Munich.

Deutscher Luftflotten Verein, Mannheim.

Dusseldorfer Luftdahrer-Klub (E. V.) W. Dusseldorf, Breite Str. 25, I.

Erfurter V. f. L. (E. V.) M. Dalversweg 24, Erfurt.

Flugverein Neustadt a. d. Haardt, S. W., Neustadt, I.

Flugzeugkonvention des V. D. M. L., Potsdamer Str. 121 H, III, Berlin W.

Frankfürter Flugsport-Club (E. V.) Neue Mainzer Str. 76, Frankfurt a. M.

Frankfurter Flugtechn, Verein (E. V.) Bahnhofplatz 8, Frankfurt a. M.

Frankfurter V. f. L. (E. V.) S. W. Kettenhofweg 136, Frankfurt, a. M.

Frankischer V. f. L. (E. V.) S. Kurschnerhof 6, Wursburg.

Hamburger V. f. L. (E. V.) N. W., 36, Colonnaden 17-19, Hamburg.

Hannoverscher V. f. L. (E. V.) N. W., Lortzingstr. 6, Hannover.

Hereforder Verein fur Lufthahrt, Bahnhofplatz, Alfermann, Herford.

Hildesheimer V. f. L., Hilkesheim, Lucienvorder str. 22.

Kaiserlicher Aero-Club, K. Nollendorfplatz 3, Berlin W.

Kaiserlicher Automobil-Club, K, 9 Leipzigerplatz 16, Berlin W.

Karlsruher Luftfahrt-Verein (E. V.) S. W., Bachstr, 28, Karlsruhe.

Kolner Club, f. L. (E. V.) W. Bischofsgartenstr. 22, Koln.

Koniglich Bayerischer Automobil-Club, B. Brienner str. 5 I, Munchen.

Koniglicher Sachsischer V. f. L. (E. V.) Sa, Ferdinandstr. I, Dresden.

Kurhessischer V. f. L. (E. V.) S. W., Physikalisches Institut, Marburg ad Lahn; Cassel Sektion, Kolnische str. 84, Cassel.

Leipziger V. f. L. (E. V.) Sa, Markt 1, Leipzig.

Lubecker V. f. L. (E. V.) N. W., Israeldorfer Allee 13a, Lubeck.

Luftshrverein Gotha (fruther Reichsflugverein Gotha), Gotha, I.

Luftfahrtverein Touring-Club, Pranner str. 24, I. Munchen.

Luftschiffahrt-Verein Munster fur Munster und das Munsterland (E. V.) N. W., Munster i. W, Klosterstr. 31-32.

Magdeburger V. f. L. (E. V.) M, Wetterwarte, Bahnhofstr. 17, Magdeburg.

Mannheimer V. f. L. "Zahringen" (E. V.) S. W., 7-8 Hansa-Haus, Mannheim.

Mecklenburgerischer Aero-Club, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Str. 85, II, I, Schwerin i. M.

Mindener Verein fur Luftfahrt, N. W., Grosser Domhof 1, L, Minden i. W.

Mitterheinischer V. f. L., S. W., Weisenauer, Str. 15, Mainz.

Munchener V. f. L. (E. V.) Residentzstr. 27 III, Munchen.

Niederrheinischer V. f. L. (E. V.) Wilhemstr. 11, Bonn, Wupperthal Sektion, Hauptfeuerwache, Barmen; Essen Sektion, Bachstr. 21, Essen-Ruhr; Bonn Sektion, Wilhelmstr. 11, Bonn.

Niedersachachsischer V. f. L. (E. V.) Hildesheimer Bank, Filiale Gottingen, Gottingen.

Niederschlesisch-Markischer Verein fur Luftfahrt, Grunberg i. Schl, I.

Nordmark-Verein fur Motorluftfahrt (E. V.) Dusternbrooker Weg 38, Kiel.

Obererzgebirgischer V. f. L. (E. V.) Sa, Geschaftsstelle, Schwarzenberg i. S., Erla im Erzgebirge.

Oberrheimischer V. f. L. (E. V.) S. W., Blauwolkengasse 21, Strassburg i. Els.

Oberschwabischer V. f. L. (E. V.) S, Promenade 17, Ulm a. D.

Osnabrucker V. f. L. (E. V.) N. W., Wittekindstr. 4, Osnabruck.

Ostdeutscher V. f. L. (E. V.) O, Courbierestr. 34, II. Graudenz.

Ostpreusischer V. f. L. (E. V.) O, Kneiphofische Langgasse 8 I, Konigsberg i. Pr.

Pfalzischer Luftfahrtverein Speyer, S. W., Speyer a. Rh. I.

Pommerscher V. f. L. (E. V.) Pasewalk (Stettin) F. 65.

Posener Luftfahrer-V. (E. V.) O, Posen, Kronprinzenstr, 101a.

Reichsflugverein (E. V.) Motztrs, 76, Berlin.

Rheinisch-Westfalische Motorluftschaff-Gesellsch. (E. V.) Bachstr. 21, Essen-Ruhr.

Saarbrucker Verein fur Luftfahrt, S. W. Saarbrucken, I.

Sachsisch-Thuringischer V. f. L. Belvedere-Allee 5, Weimar; Halle a. S. Sektion (E. V.) Halle a. Muhlweg 10 und Poststr. 6; Thuringische Sektion, Staaten; Belvederealle, 5, Weimar.

Schlesischer Aero-Club (E. V.) O, Schweidnitzerstr. 16-18 Breslau.

Schlesischer V. f. L. (E. V.) O, Schweidnitzerstr. 16-18 Breslau.

Schleswig-Holstein. Flieger-Club, N. W., Niemannsweg 81b, Kiel.

Seeoffizier-Luftclub (S.L.C.W.) N. W., Peterstr. 80 II, Wilhelmshaven.

Trierer Club. f. L. (E. V.) W., Nagelstr. 10, Trier.

V. D. Luftchiff-Industrieller, Kleiststr. 8, III, Berlin, W.

V. D. Motorfahrzeug-Industrieller, Potsdamerstr. 121b, Berlin, W.

V. f. Flugwesen in Mannheim, S. W., Lange Rotterstr. 106, I. Mannheim.

V. f. L. am Bodensee (E. V.) S. W., Zummsteinstr. 11, Schwedenchanze 3a, Konstanz.

V. f. L. Darmstadt, S. W., Darmstadt, I.

V. f. L. Gieben, S. W., Seltersweg 56, I., Gieben.

V. f. L. Kolmar (Posen), (E. V.) O. Privinzialbank, Kommanditgesellschaft a. A., Kolmar i. Pos.

V. f. L. Limbach (Sa, u. Umgegend) (E. V.) Postr. 5, Limbach (Sachsen).

V. f. L. in Mainz (E. V.) S. W., Grosse Bleiche 48, Mainz.

V. f. L. in Worms, S. W., Worms, I.

V. f. L. und Flugtechnik Nurnberg-Furth, Klaragasse 2 I, Nurnberg.

V. f. L. in Weimar (E. V.) Erfurter Str. 9, Weimar.

Vogtlandischer V. f. L. (E. V.) Sa, Plauen i. V, Furstenstr. 89.

Westfalisch-Lippischer Luftfahrverein (E. V.) N. W., Kavalleriestr, Petri, Bielefeld.

Westfalish-Markischer Luftfahrer-Verein, Herne, I.

Westpreussicher V. f. L. (E. V.) O., Dr. Waldmann, Abte-inng Schiffbau, Technische Hochschule, Danzig-Langfuhr.

Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft fur Flugtechnik, Nollendorfplatz 3, Berlin W. 30.

Wurttenbergischer Flugsport-Club, S. Hegelstr. 4b, Stuttgart.

Wurtembergischer V. f. L. (E. V.) S. am Salzmannsweg 21, Stuttgart.

Zwickauer V. f. L. (E. V.) Sa, Hauptmarkt 20, Zwickau i. S.

GERMAN MILITARY AVIATION.

Army General.

The new Army law provides £400,000 (80 million marks) for Army aviation (including dirigibles), in addition to a considerable share of the £4,000,000 which is being spread over a period of five years.

The Army aerial force will be commanded by 2 inspector generals. The aviation force is put at 4 batallions.

Headquarters: Berlin. Stations: Aachen, Allenstein, Cologne, Darmstadt, Doebritz, Freiburg, Graudenz, Hannover, Insterburg, Jüterbog, Koenigsberg, Metz, Posen, Strassburg, Zeithain.

The scheme will be complete by the end of the year.

Army Flying Schools.

Diedenhofen.
Doeberitz.

Metz.
Oberwiesenfeld bei München (Bavarian).
Saarburg.

Sperenberg bei Jüterbog.

Army Aeroplanes.

At the end of 1912 the aeroplane force was as follows:—

Bought in 1911:

10 monoplanes (2 Grade, 1 Schultze, 5 Rumpler).
25 biplanes (3 Albatross, 22 Farman type.)

Bought in 1912:

91 monoplanes (20 Bristol, 1 Dorner, 2 Etrich Taube, 2 Grade, 6 Harlan, 20 Mars, 40 Rumpler Taube).
144 biplanes (50 Albatros, 12 Aviatik, 30 Euler, 10 Otto, 2 L.V.G., 10 Mars, 6 Wrights).

Making a total of 270 of which number about 200 were war-effectives.

For 1913 there are 200 new aeroplanes building or provided for.

Under the new regulations, military machines must comply with the following conditions:—

Must be of entirely German manufacture, with ample and comfortable seating accommodation for pilot and passenger.

Design must permit of fitting bomb droppers and photographic apparatus.

Speed capabilities must not be less than 90 kilometres (56 m.p.h.)

Dimensions must not exceed 49 feet span (14.50 m.), 39 feet long (12 m.), 13 feet high (3.50 m.), and the motor not more than 100 h.p.

Minimum endurance, 4 hours.

Army Aviators.

Ackermann, Lt. K.
Albrecht, Ob-Lt. K.
Altrichter, Lt. K.
v. Apell, Lt. K.
Barends, Lt.
von Beaulieu, Ob-Lt. W.
Berlin, Ob-Lt. E.
Blume, Lt. W.
Boeder, Lt. O.
Braun, Lt.
Busch, Lt. H.
v. Buttlar, Lt. W.
Canter, Lt.
Cipa, T.
Coerper, W. Lt.
von Detten, Lt. G.
Demmel, Lt. M.>br/> Dransfield, Lt. E.
Eich, H.
von Eickstedt, Ob-Lt. V.
Erhardt, Ob-Lt, R. (119)
von Falkenhayn, Lt. F. E.
Graf Finck von Finckenstein, Lt. L.
Fisch, Lt. W. (107)
von Freyberg-Eisenberg-Allmendingen, Lt. F. E.
Funck, Lt. W.
Geerdtz, F. H. (133)
von Gersdorff, Ob-Lt. E.
Geyer, Lt. H.
Goebel, Ob-Lt. W.
Grade, W. H. St. (20)
von Hadeln, Lt. F.
v. Hammacher, Lt. (49)
von Hammerstein Gesmold, Ob-Lt. F.A.
Hantelmann, Ob-Lt. M.
von Helldorf, Ob-Lt.

v. Hiddessen, F. Lt. (47)
Hildebrand, Ob-Lt. F.
Hofer, Ob-Lt. W.
Höpker, Lt. A.
von Jagwitz, Lt. F.
Joly, Lt. A.
Justi, Lt. K.
Kahl, H.
Kastner, Lt. H.
Keim, Lt. J. (127)
Keller, Lt. G.
Koch, Lt. W
Kohr, Lt. R.
Lauer, Lt. R.
Lauterbach, Ob-Lt. F.
von Lichtenfels, Lt. S. (51)
von Liusingen, Lt. L.
Ludewig, F. Ob-Lt.
Meyer, Lt. W. (136)
von Minkwitz, Lt. H.
von Mirbach, Lt. K.
Mudra, Lt. H. (95)
Neumann, Ob-Lt. H.
von Obernitz, Ob-Lt. W.
Oelsner, Lt. W.
von Oertzen, Ob-Lt. J.
von Osterroht, Lt. P-H.
Petri, Ob-Lt. F. (120)
Pfeifer, Lt. L.
Pirner, Lt. H. K.
von Poser und Gross-Nädlitz, Ob-Lt. F.
Püschel, Ob-Lt. K.
Rapmund, Lt. M.
Reiche, Lt. A.
v. Reichenberg-Wolfskeel, Graf. (93)

Reinhardt, Lt. S.
Reuss, Lt. W.
Ritter, Lt. K. (121)
Roser, H. H. (83)
Schäfer, Ob-Lt. L.
v. Scheele, Lt. A.
Schlegel, Lt. O.
Schneider, Lt. H.
Schreyer, F.
Schulz, Lt. J.
Schwartzkopff, Lt. H.
Serno, Lt. E.
Sieber, Lt. H.
Solmitz, F. Lt.
Sommer, Lt. P.
Steindorf, H.
Steger, O. Lt.
von Stoephasius, Lt. M.
Striper, Lt. F.
Suren, Lt. E.
Suren, Lt. G.
Suren, Lt. H.
Taeufert, Lt. W.
v. Tiedemann, Ob-Lt. R. (17)
von Trotha, Ob-Lt.
Vogt, Lt.
v. Wedemeyer, Ob-Lt. E.
Wendler, Lt. W.
Weyer, Lt. G.
Wiegandt, Lt. W.
Wilberg, Ob-Lt. H. (26)
Wildt, Lt. K. (43)
Wirth, Ob-Lt. W. (92)
Wulff, Lt. A.
Zwickau, Lt. K.

Navy General.

The 1913 expenditure on naval aviation (including dirigibles) is £250,000 (50 million marks), plus a portion of the special expenditure.

Naval Flying Schools.

Holminsel b. Danzig.

Putzig b. Danzig.

Naval Stations.

North Sea.—Cuxhaven (staff to be 5 officers and 192 under officers and men), Emden and Hamburg.

Baltic.—Kiel, Putzig and Konigsberg.

General Headquarters.—Berlin.

Each station will ultimately consist of one dirigible and a number of hydro-aeroplanes.

Navy Aeroplanes.

At the end of 1912 the total effective force was:—

4 monoplanes (Rumpler hydro.)
10 biplanes (4 Albatros hydro., 2 Curtiss hydro., 4 Euler).

Total 14

The Curtiss were purchased towards the end of 1911, all the others in 1912.

All are or can be fitted with wireless, range 50 miles.

1913. Others on order, including Ottos on floats (A.G.O.), of which one was delivered in April.

Navy Aviators.

Bertram, Ob-Lt. (123)
Coulmann, W.
Francke, Ob-Lt. C. (142)
Goltz, Kap-Lt. K.

von Gorrissen, Lt. (4)
Hartmann, R. Ob-Lt. (96)
Hering, Kap-Lt. M.
Janetzky, Kap-Lt. W.

Langfield, Ob-Lt. W.
Prinz Heinrich von Preussen (38)
Schroeter, Ob-Lt. W.
Stemmler, B.

GERMAN PRIVATE AVIATION.

To end of March, 1913.

Private Aeroplanes.

At end of March, 1913, the number of private aeroplanes in Germany was about 80, of which most were school, etc., machines.

Abelmann, Carl
Abramowitch, Wasewolod
Albers, Wilhelm
Alig, Ernst.
Arntzen, Orla, Dr. jur.
Schirrmeister, Hans
Badowski, Ludwig
Baierlein, Anton
Basser, Gustav
Beck, Otto
Becker, Reinhold
Beese, Frl.
Behrend, Adolf
Berliner, Rudolf
v. Bieber, Harald, Dr. jur.
Birkmaier, August
Blattmann, Ernst
Bohlig, Edmund
Bosenius, Rudolf
Bossin, Fritz
Boutard, Charles
Braselmann, Karl
Breton, Raymond Arthur
Brociner, Marco
Brunnhuber, Simon
Büchner, Bruno
Charlett, Willi
Clauberg, Fritz
Cremer, Fritz
Curdts, Carl
De Waal, Bernard
Dick, Fritz
Donnevert, Willy
Dorner, Hermann
Dücker, Werner
Eberhardt, Alfred
Eckardt, Willy
Eckelmann, Frank
Engelhard, Paul
Erblich, Heinz
Euler, August
Evers, Heinrich
Eyring, Raymund (Dr. Huth)
Falderbaum, Heinz
Faller, Artur
Faller, Otto
Flégier, Th. v.
Fokker, Anthony
Fremery, Hemmann
Friedrich, Alfred
Gasser, Hermann
Geiss, Franz
Georgi, Johannes
v. Gorrissen, Ellery
Grade, Hans
Griebel, Otto, Leutnant a D.
Grulich, Karl
Grünberg, Arthur
Haas, Heinrich
Hansen, Hans
Hanuschke, Bruno
Hartmann, Alfred
Hasenkamp, Emil
Häusler, Hugo
Heim, Oskar
Heirler, Paul
Hennig, Alfred
Hess, Robert
Heydenreich, Fritz
Hild, Luc.
Hintner, Cornelius
Hirrlinger, Albert
Hirth, Helmuth
Hoff, Wilhelm
Hoffmann, Siegfr.
Hoos, Josef, Dr. jur.

Hormel, Walter
Horn, Albin
Hoesli, Gordian
Ingold, Karl
Jablonski, Bruno
Jahnow, Reinhold, Leutn. d. Landw.
Jänisch, M.
Jeannin, Emil
Kahnt, Oswald
Kammerer, K. F. Ludwig
Kaniss, Gustav
Kanitz, Willy
Karsten, Otto
Kaspar, Referendar
Katzian, Artemy
Keidel, Fridolin
Kern, Willy
Kiepert, Rudolf
Kleinle, Josef
Kober, Theodor
Köhler, Erich
Kohnert, Herbert
König, Benno
König, Martin
Krastel, Heinz, Reimar
Krieg, Friedrich
Krieger, Karl
Krüger, Leutnant a. D.
Krüger, Arthur
Krumsiek, Wilhelm
Kühne, Ernst Herbert
Kunze, Ernst
Kurtscheid, Nicolaus
Ladewig, Heinz.
Ladewig, Herbert, Leutnant, Inf.-Regt.
Lagler, Fräulein Bozena
Laitsch, Felix
Laemmlin, Charles
Lange, Paul
Langer, Bruno
Lecomte, Ingenieur
Lenk, Willy
Lichte, Carl
Lie, Christian
Lindpaintner, Otto E.
Linnekogel, Otto
Lissauer, Walter
Lochner, Erich
Loew, Karl
Lübbe, Fluglehrer
Manhardt, Alfred Willy
Mente, Willy, Oberleutnant a. D.
Meybaum, Theodor
Michaelis, G. A.
Mischewsky, Bernard
Mohns, Karl
Möhring, Charlotte
v. Mossner, Robert, Oberleutnant a. D.
Mügge, Wilhelm, Kapitan d. Handelsmarine
Müller, B. C. Oscar
Müller, Friedrich
Müller, Karl
Müller, Kurt
Munkelt, Kurt
Mürau, Georg
Netzow, Georg
Niemela, Edmund, Leutnant a. D.
Noelle, Max
Oelerich, Heinrick
Oster, Franz
Ottenbacher, Ernst
Otto, Gustav
Paul, Alfred
Pentz, Hermann
Pietschker, Alfred
Placzikowski, Udo

von Platen, Horst
Plochmann, Ernst
Pokristev, Penn, Oberleutnant
Poulain, Gabriel
Reeb, Alfred
Reichhardt, Otto
Rentzel, Adolf
Rode, Franz
de le Roi, Wolfram
Roempler, Oskar
Rosenstein, Willy
Roessler, Fritz
Rost, Gottlieb
v. Rottenburg, Otto
Roever, Hans
Rupp, Albert
Rütgers, August
Schadt, Karl
Schäfer, Otto
Schakowskoy, Fürstin Eugenie
Schall, Karl
Schauenburg, Theodor
Schendel, Georg
Scherff, Mauricio
Schiedeck, Hermann
v. Schimpf, Ernst, Dr. jur
Schirrmeister, Hans
Schlatter, Joseph
Schlegel, Ernst
Schlüter, Fritz
Schmidt, Erich
Schmidt, Richard
Schmigulski, Hans
Schöner, Georg
Schultze, Gustav
Schüpphaus, Heinrich Ernst
Schwandt, Paul
Schwarz, Erwin
Sedlmayer, Gerhard
Senge, Paul
Seydler, Frank
Siewert, Lotherm
Steffen, Bruno
Steinbeck, Hans
Stiefvater, Otto
Stöffler, Victor
Stoldt
Stoephasius, Curt von
Strack, Karl
Strack, Peter
Stüber, Joachim, Leutnant d. R.
Suvelack, Josef
Thelen, Robert
Thiele, Erich
Toepfer, Otto
Trautwein, Max
Treitschke, Friedrich
Tybelski, Franz
Tweer, Gustav
Vollmöller, Hans
Wecsler, Rubin
Weickert, Julius Artur
Weinaug, Ernst
Werntgen, Bruno
Wertheim, Paul
Weyl, Richard
Wiencziers, Eugen
Wieting, Werner
Wirtz, Reinerm
Witte, Gustav
Wittenstein, Oskar, Dr.
Witterstätter, E. W.
Wolter, Richard
von Zastrow, Alexanderm

Note.—Abramowitch was a Russian by birth (killed April, 1913).

The following German aviators have been killed:—

1896.
Lilienthal

1910.
Haas, Lieut.
Mente, Lieut.
Plochmann
Robl, Thaddeus

1911.
Bockmüller
Bournique ("Pierre Marie")
Choendel
Dax
Englehardt, Kapt.
Eyring, R.
Frh. v. Freytag-Loringhoven
Laemmlin
Lecomte
Neumann, Lieut.
Reeb
Pietschker
Schendel, G.
Stein, Lieut.
Tachs
Voss

1912.
Alig
Altrichter
Beissbarth
Berger
Birkymayer
Buchstätter
v. Falkenhayn
Frh. v. Schlichting
Fischer
Hamburger
Hofer
Hösli
Junghans
König
Kugler
Lachmann
Lang
Libau
Meyer
Preusser
Pochmeyer
Rheinle

Rost
Schmidt
Schmigulski
Stille
Werntgen
Witte

1913.
Held
Schlegel

GERMAN AEROPLANES.

A

ALBATROS.

Albatroswerke G.m.b. H, Flugzeugfabr. u. Fliegerschule, Johannisthal bei Berlin. Established 1910. One of the largest constructors in Germany. Capacity: 150 machines a year.

| 1911-12. 2-seat tractor biplane. | Military tractor biplane. | 1912. Military tractor | 1912-13. Hydro. | Mono.
Length | feet (m.) | 35-1/2 (10.70) | 34-1/2 (10.5) | 42-1/2 (12.8) | ... | ...
Span | feet (m.) | 43-2/3 (13.30) | 52-1/2 (16) | 65-3/4 (20) | ... | ...
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 430 (40) | 576 (54) | 624 (58.5) | ... | ...
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 1058 (480) | 1543 (700) | 1874 (850) | ... | ...
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 661 (300) | ... | ... | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 100 Argus | 90 Mercedes or 100 Argus | 120 N.A.G. or Aust. Daimler | ... | ...
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 56 (90) | 59 (95) | 46 (75) | ... | ...
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | 6 | 6 | 7-5 | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | about 40 | 70 | 30 | 4 | 2

Remarks.—In all the upper plane is slightly staggered. In all the control is duplicated.

ALBATROS. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Albatros. Military hydro-biplane.

Albatros. Monoplane.

AVIATIK.

Autemobil & Aviatik A.G., Mülhausen i.E. Established 1910. Capacity: 100 a year.

1912 biplane.

| 1912. Monoplane. | 1912. Biplane. | 1913. Racing biplane. | 1912-13. Hydro-biplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 26-1/2 (8) | 36 (11) | 29-1/2 (9) | 36 (11)
Span | feet (m.) | 39 (11.80) | 52-1/2 (16) | 52-1/2 (16) | 62-1/3 (19)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 258 (.24) | 517 (48) | 517 (48) | 597 (56)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 1146 (520) | 1323 (600) | 1234 (560) | 1653 (750)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 661 (300) | 882 (400) | 882 (400) | 661 (300)
Motor | h.p. | 100 Argus | 100 Argus | 100 Argus | 100 Argus
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 68-1/2 (110) | 56 (90) | 62 (100) | 52 (80)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | 5 | 6-8 | 7-8 | 4-5
Number built during 1912 | 6 | 20 | 4 | 3

Remarks.—The monoplanes are constructed under Hanriot license.

1913 tractor-biplane (racer).

Monoplane.

D

DELFOSSE.

Ceased to construct.

Dorner

DORNER III. Monoplane.

Length.—34½ feet (10.50 m.) Span.—39-1/3 feet (12 m.) Surface.—280 sq. feet (126 m².) Weight.—882 lbs. (400 kgs.)

Type II: Length.—32¾ feet (10 m.) Span.—38 feet (11.60 m.) Surface.—268½ sq. feet (25 m².) Weight.—661 lbs. (300 kgs.) See Flugsport, No. 5, 1911.

E

ETRICH.

Etrich Fliegerwerke, G.m.b. H, Dittersbach b. Liebau (Schlesien). Capacity: 50 a year.

| 1913. Etrich (original) Taube. monoplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 31 (9.5)
Span | feet (m.) | 47-1/2 (14.4)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 301 (28)
Weight | Total lbs. (kgs.) | 1323 (600)
| Useful lbs. (kgs.) | ...
Motor | h.p. | 100 Mercedes or Argus
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 71 to 75 (115 to 120)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ...
Endurance | hrs. | 6

Remarks.—

EULER.

August Euler, Frankfurt a.M. In 1908 Euler secured Voisin rights for Germany. In 1910 he took out a patent for a design of his own. In the summer of 1911 he built a successful monoplane, in the autumn of the same year a triplane. Existing models are as follows:—

| 1912. Triplane. | 1912. Monoplane. | Military biplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 23 (7) |  |
Span | feet (m.) | 23 (7) |  |
Area | sq. feet (m².) | ... |  |
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | ... | no data | no data
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... |  |
Motor | h.p. | Gnome |  |
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 56 (90) |  |
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... |  |
Endurance | hrs. | 3-4 |  |
Number built during 1912 | about 70 | of various types |

Euler. Triplane.

Euler. Monoplane, 1912.

Euler. Military biplane.

F

FOKKER.

Monoplanes. Fokker-Aeroplanbau, G. m. b. H., 18 Parkstrasse, Johannisthal bei Berlin. Capacity: 40.

| 1912. A. | 1912. B. | 1912-13. A. | 1912-13. B. | 1912-13. C. | 1913. Hydro-aeroplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 26-1/4 (8) | 26-3/4 (8.25) | 29-1/2 (9) | 29-1/2 (9) | 29-1/2 (9) | 31 (9.50)
Span | feet (m.) | 37-3/4 (11.50) | 39-1/3 (12) | 42-3/4 (13.20) | 42-3/4 (13.20) | 42-3/4 (13.20) | 52-1/2 (16.20)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 226 (21) | 242 (22.50) | 280 (26) | 280 (26) | 280 (26) | ...
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 838 (380) | 1036 (470) | 970 (440) | 1146 (520) | 1190 (540) | ...
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 70 Argus | 100 Argus | 70 Argus or Dixi | 100 Argus | 70 Renault | 100 Renault or Mercedes
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 56 (90) | 68 (108) | 52 (83) | 60 (96) | 53 (85) | 59 (95)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... | 43 (70) | ... | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | 4-6 | 4-6 | 5-8 | 5-8 | 4-6 | 4
Number built during 1912 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 2 | ...

Remarks.—The Fokker is a machine of Dutch origin. (See Dutch).

1912-13 model.

Hydro.

FOHN.

This firm ceased to exist January, 1913.

G

GRADE.

Hans Grade Fliegerwerke, Bork, Post Bruck (Mark). Founded 1910 by H. Grade, who was the first man in Germany to fly with a German machine. During 1911 Grades had a considerable vogue, but since then have not been prominent.

1912 racer.

Model and date. | Racer, 1911. C. | Racer, 1912. D. | Racer, 1912. E.
Length | feet (m.) | 33 (10) | 21 (6.50) | 26-1/4 (8)
Span | feet (m.) | 39-1/4 (12) | 34-1/2 (10.50) | 41 (12.50)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 480 (45) | 240 (22) | 360 (33)
Weight | machine, lbs. (kgs.) | 375 (170) | 408 (185) | 595 (270)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... ... | ... ... | ... ...
Motor | h.p. | various | ... ... | ... ...
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 56 (90) | 71 (115) | 71 (115)
Number built during 1912 | ? | 1 or 2 | ?

GRADE. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

GOEDECKER.

J. Goedecker, Flugmaschinen-Werke, Niederwalluf a. Rh. Flying School: Flugplatz Grosser Sand bei Mainz.

GOEDECKER.

| 1912. Monoplane "Sturmvogel." | 1911. Monoplane "Sturmvogel."
Length | feet (m.) | 32-3/4 (10) | 29-1/2 (9)
Span | feet (m.) | 47-3/4 (14.5) | 47-3/4 (14.5)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 387 (36) | ...
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 992 (459) | 827 (375)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 100 Dixi | 70 Argus
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 56 (90) | ...
Number built during 1912 | 8 | 2

H

HANSA-TAUBE.

Heinrich Heitmann, Aviatik und Konstructions Werkstätten, Altona.

| 1912. Monoplane. | 1913. Monoplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 24-3/4 (7.5) | 24-3/4 (7.5)
Span | feet (m.) | 36-3/4 (11.2) | 36-3/4 (11.2)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 237 (22) | 237 (22)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 617 (280) | 573 (260)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 75 or 100 Argus | 100 Argus
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 56 to 62 (95 to 100) | 62 (100)
Number built during 1912 | 2 | 2

Remarks. —

HARLAN.

Harlan Werke, G. m. b. H., 21 Moltkestrasse, Johannisthal bei Berlin. Established 1909, turned into present Company, 1911. Output capacity about 50 machines a year.

| 1912. Military monoplane. | 1912-13. Military monoplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 26-1/4 (8) | 30 (9.10)
Span | feet (m.) | 39-1/3 (12) | 45-1/2 (13.80)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 312 (29) | 312 (29)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | ... | 1984 (900)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | 1323 (600)
Motor | h.p. | 100 Argus or Mercedes | 100 Argus
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 69 (110) | 69 (110)
Endurance | hrs. | 7-8 | 7-8
Number built during 1912 | 20 | 15

HANUSCHKE.

Bruno Hanuschke, Flugzeugbau, Johannisthal b. Berlin. Capacity: small.

| 1912. "Typ populaire" | 1913. Typ II.
Length | feet (m.) | 24-3/4 (7.50) | 21 (6.50)
Span | feet (m.) | 27 (8.25) | 26-1/4 (8)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 183 (17) | 172 (16)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 716 (325) | 1102 (500)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 385 (175) | 600 (275)
Motor | h.p. | 35 Anzani | 50 Gnome
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 56 (90) | 62 (100)
Endurance | hrs. | 2 | 2
Number built during 1912 | 2 | 2

Remarks.—

J

JATHO.

Jatho Flugzeugwerke, G. m. b. H., Stader Chaussee 32, Hannover. Karl Jatho built his first aeroplane in 1899, and has produced machines at intervals ever since. Capacity: small.

| 1913.
Length | feet (m.) | 29-1/2 (9)
Span | feet (m.) | 49-1/4 (15)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 345 (32)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 2116 (960)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 992 (450)
Motor | h.p. | 100 N.A.G.
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 75 (120)
Endurance | hrs. | 3
Number built during 1912 | 2

Remarks.—

JEANNIN.

Emile Jeannin, Flugzeugbau, G. m. b. H., Stahltauben & Renneindecker Fabrik, Johannisthal b. Berlin. Capacity: small.

1912 "Taube."

| 1912. "Taube" monoplane. | 1913. Racing monoplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 29-1/2 (9) | ...
Span | feet (m.) | 42-3/4 (13) | ...
Area | sq. feet (m².) | ... | ...
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ...
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 100-150 Argus | 150 Argus
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 68 (110) | 87 (140)
Endurance | hrs. | 5-8 | 4-7
Number built during 1912 | 2 | 3

Remarks.—The 1913 was building only in March.

K

KAHNT.

Oswald Kahnt, Flugzeugbau, Leipzig. Capacity: small.

| K. F. 1913. "Falke."
Length | feet (m.) | 27-3/4 (8.50)
Span | feet (m.) | 42-3/4 (13)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 291 (27)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | ...
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ...
Motor | h.p. | 50-70
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 62 (100)
Number built during 1912 | new firm

KONDOR.

Kondor Flugzeugwerke G. m. b. H., Essen, Ruhr. Fabrik auf dem Flugplatz. Rotthausen. Capacity: 30 or so a year.

1913 model. (1912 same appearance.)

| 1912. | 1913.
Length | feet (m.) | 33-3/4 (10.30) | 27 (8.20)
Span | feet (m.) | 48-3/4 (14.80) | 46 (14)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 258 (24) | 280 (26)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 1543 (700) | 1328 (600)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 100 Argus | 100 Argus
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 65 (105) | 70 (112)
Number built during 1912 | 2 | ...

Remarks.—Both models torpedo body, on 4 skids. Planes dart V form. Constructor: J. Suwelack.

KÜHLSTEIN.

Kühlstein Wagenbau, Karosseriefabrik, Salzufer 4, Charlottenburg. This old-established motor car firm commenced to build aeroplanes in 1911. Capacity: 20 a year.

96 h.p.

| 1912. Torpedo monoplane. I. | 1912. Torpedo monoplane. II.
Length | feet (m.) | 29-3/4 (9.10) | 27 (8.2)
Span | feet (m.) | 40-3/4 (12.4) | 35-1/2 (10.8)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 291 (27) | 215 (20)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 1984 (900) | 2204 (1000)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 1322 (600) | 1543 (700)
Motor | h.p. | 100 Argus | 96 Mercedes
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ...
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | 84 (135) | 87 (140)
Endurance | hrs. | 3 | 3
Number built during 1912 | 2 | 2

Remarks.—

M

MARS.

Deutsche Flugzeugwerke G. m. b. H., Lindenthal bei Leipzig. Established 1911. This is one of the most important and successful aviation works in Germany. Capacity: from 80 to 100 machines a year.

Mars. Monoplane.

| 1912-13. Monoplane. | 1912-13. Biplane. | 1913. Hydro-aeroplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 31 (9.7) | 31 (9.7) |
Span | feet (m.) | 55-1/4 (16.8) | 57 (17.8) |
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 376 (35) | 495 (46) |
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 1234 (560) | 1434 (650) |
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 1808 (820) | 2006 (910) | Building.
Motor | h.p. | 95 N.A.G. | 95 Mercedes |
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 120 (75) | 115 (71) |
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... |
Endurance | hrs. | 5-6 | 4-6 |
Number built during 1912 | 6 | 16 |

Remarks.—

Mars. Biplane.

MROZINSKI.

Bernard Mrozinski, Berlin-Wilmersdorf. Established 1912.

Length, 23 feet (7 m.) span, 32¾ feet (10 m.) area, 215 sq. feet (20 m².)
Weight.—661 lbs. (300 kgs.) Motor.—20 h.p. Anzani. Speed.—50 m.p.h. (80 km.)

Remarks.—One machine only built in 1912.

O

OERTZ.

Max Oertz, Yachtwerft, Reiherstieg b. Hamburg. Famous yacht builder. Commenced aeroplane construction in 1911. Existing models as below. Capacity about 25 machines a year.

1912-13 model.

| M 1911-12. Monoplane. | M 1912-13. Monoplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 29-1/2 (9) | 30-1/4 (9.2)
Span | feet (m.) | 41-3/4 (12.75) | 41-3/4 (12.75)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 247 (23) | 263 (24.5)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 948 (430) | 1212 (550)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 70 Gnome | 70 Gnome
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 69 (110) | 75 (120)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | 3 | 4
Number built during 1912 | 3 | 1

OTTO.

Gustav Otto, Flugmaschinenwerke, Schleissheimer Str. 135, Munich. Started building in 1911. Present max. capacity about 30 machines a year.

| M 1912. Biplane.
Length | feet (m.) | ...
Span | feet (m.) | ...
Area | sq. feet (m².) | ...
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | ...
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ...
Motor | h.p. | 100 A. G. Otto.
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 69 (110)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ...
Endurance | hrs. | 6-8
Number built during 1912 | 6

Remarks.—All 1912 machines purchased for German Army.

P

PEGA-EMICH.

Flugtechnische und mechanische Werke vorm. Pega & Emich, Falterstrasse 13-15, Griesheim, Frankurt-a-M. Commenced building with a 6-decker in 1910. Capacity: small.

| 1913. Buteno monoplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 39-1/4 (12)
Span | feet (m.) | 46 (14)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 355 (33)
Weight | total lbs. (kg.) | 838 (380)
| useful lbs. (kg.) | 1102 (500)
Motor | h.p. | 70 Argus
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 62 (100)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ...
Endurance | hrs. | 2
Number built during 1912. | ...

PIPPART-NOLL.

Pippart-Noll-Flugzeugbau, Mannheim.

Type. | P. N. 1 Sporting. 1912. | P. N. 2. "Uberland" 1912. | P. N. 3. Military. 1913.
Length | feet (m.) | 31 (9.50) | 28 (8.50) | 28 (8.50 also 7)
Span | feet (m.) | 34-1/2 (10.50) | 39-1/3 (12) | 45 (13.70)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 215 (20) | 280 (26) | 300 (28)
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 617 (280) | 838 (380) | 1234 (560)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 330 (150) | 463 (210) | 441 (200)
Motor | h.p. | 70 Argus | 70 Argus | 70 Argus
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 59 (95) | 62 (100) | 68 (110)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... | 50 (80)
Endurance | hrs. | ... | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | 1 | 1 | 1

R

RUMPLER.

E. Rumpler, Luftfahrzeugbau G. m. b. H., Siegfriedstrasse 202, Berlin-Lichtenberg, also Johannisthal b. Berlin. Established 1909 by E. Rumpler and R. Haessner for the construction in Germany of Etrich (see Austria) monoplanes. These now vary considerably from the original Etrich. Capacity at present about 200 to 300 machines a year. Standard models are as follows:—

| 1912. Monoplane. | 1912. "Taube." | 1913. Hydro.
Length | feet (m.) | 29-3/4 (9.50) | 34 (10.30) | 33 (10)
Span | feet (m.) | 41-1/2 (12.65) | 46 (14) | 49-1/4 (15)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 247 (23) | 336 (32) | 387 (36)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 1398 (630) | 1190 (540) | 1328 (600)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 771 (350) | 551 (230) | 485 (220)
Motor | h.p. | 95 Mercedes | 100 Argus | 100 Argus
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 81 (130) | 59 (95) | 56 (90)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | 6-7 | 4-6 | ...
Number built during 1912 | 1 | 60 | 3

Rumpler. Hydro-aeroplane.

Rumpler. Monoplane.

Rumpler. "Taube." With limousine body.

RUTH-ROHDE.

Ruth-Rohde, Motorgleitflieger, G. m. b. H., Wandsbeck. Established 1912. Capacity: small.

| 1912. Biplane I. | 1912. Biplane II.
Length | feet (m.) | 26-1/4 (8) | 26-1/4 (8)
Span | feet (m.) | 36 (11) | 45 (14)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 590 (55) | 700 (65)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 1653 (750) | 1764 (800)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 75 Argus | 75 Argus
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 55 (90) | 55 (90)
| min. m.p.h.(km.) | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | 3 | 3-4
Number built during 1912. | 1 | 1

S

SCHELIES.

Richard Schelies, Conventstrasse 5 und 5b, Hamburg 23. Flying Station, etc.: Dockenhuden a/Elbe.

| 1913. Hydro-monoplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 23 (7)
Span | feet (m.) | 29-1/2 (9)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 323 (30)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 705 (320)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 220 (100)
Motor | h.p. | Rheinische Aero 35
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | ...

SCHULZE.

Gustav Schulze, Flugzeug Werke, Burg b. Magdeburg. Schulze began to build in 1910 light monoplanes, generally along Santos-Dumont lines. Maximum present capacity about 12 machines a year.

| 1912. I. | 1912. II. | 1912. III (2-seater). | 1913. I (2-seater).
Length | feet (m.) | 19-3/4 (6) | 26-1/4 (8) | 21-1/3 (6.50) | 23 (7)
Span | feet (m.) | 26-1/4 (8) | 34-1/2 (10.50) | 28 (8.50) | 29-1/2 (9)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 172 (16) | 215 (20) | 172 (16) | 194 (18)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 330 (150) | 441 (200) | 441 (200) | 551 (250)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) |  | ... | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 24-30 Hilz | 24-30 Hilz | 35 Haacke | 35 Haacke
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 48 (77) | 53 (85) | 56 (90) | 53 (85)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | 43 (70) | 50 (80) | 46 (75)
Number built during 1912. | 1 | 3 | 1 | Building.

SIGISMUND.

Prinz Sigismund von Preussen, Berlin.

Model and date. | Monoplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 29-1/2 (9)
Span | feet (m.) | 42-3/4 (13)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 323 (30)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 950 (430)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 395 (180)
Motor |  | Argus, 100
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 56 (90)
Number built during 1912 | 2

U

UNION FLUGZEUGWERKE.

Union Flugzeugwerke G. m. b. H. Elsenstrasse 106 & 107, Berlin s. o. 36. Established 1913. Capital 500,000 marks. Capacity of works: 20 machines a year.

Model and date. | Bomhard. Pfeilflieger, 1913.
Length | feet (m.) | 32-3/4 (10)
Span | feet (m.) | 59 (18)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 450 (42)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 1235 (560)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 617 (280)
Motor |  | 100 Argus
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 69 (110)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | 62 (100)
Number built during 1912 | New firm

W

WRIGHT.

Flugmaschine Wright, G. m. b. H., Adlershof, bei Berlin. Company formed to trade in German rights for the Wright Bros.' patents. Considerable departures have been made from the U.S. pattern, and some have been built with a single propeller only. Capacity of works 100-150 a year.

Armoured war aeroplane.

| 1912. Military. | 1913. Sporting. | 1913. Military. | 1913. Military. 4-seater.
Length | feet (m.) | 28 (8.50) | 26-1/2 (8.20) | 31-1/2 (9.65) | ...
Span | feet (m.) | 39-1/2 (12.20) | 31 (9.60) | 40-1/2 (12.50) | 44-1/4 (13.50)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 452 (42) | 323 (30) | 463 (43) | 463 (43)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 992 (450) | 837 (380) | 1433 (650) | 1653 (750)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | ... | 882 (400)
Motor | h.p. | 55 N.A.G. | 55 N.A.G. | 100 Argus or Mercedes | 100
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 50 (80) | 60 (95) | 60 (95) | 60 (95)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | 10 | ? | ... | ...

Z

ZIEGLER.

Ziegler, Potsdam. Established late in 1912.

| 1912-13. Monoplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 31 (9.50)
Span | feet (m.) | 39-1/3 (12)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 344 (32)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 881 (400)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | 992 (450)
Motor | h.p. | 100 N.A.G.
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 60 (90)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ...
Endurance | hrs. | 2
Number built in 1912 | 1

GERMAN DIRIGIBLES.

(Approximately 1000 m³=35,000 c. feet.)

Military.

Date. | Name. | Make. | Type. | Capacity in m³. | Total H.P. | Speed. m.p.h. (km.) | Remarks.
1908 | Z I | Zeppelin 3b | r. | 12100 | 190 | 29 (46) | as rebuilt |
1910 | Z II | Zeppelin 9b | r. | 18000 | 345 | 35 (56) | as rebuilt |
| L. S I | Schütte Lanz 1 | r. | 20000 | 540 | 40 (62) |  |
1912 | Z III | Zeppelin 12 | r. | 17800 | 450 | 49 (79) | was Schwaben L. Z 10 |
| L I | Zeppelin 14 | r. | 22000 | 450 | 48 (77-1/2) | Naval: 1 gun |
1913 | Z IV (Z I Ersatz) | Zeppelin 15 | r. | 21000 | 450 | 48 (77-1/2) | 4 guns |
Building. | L II | Zeppelin 16 | r. | 21000 | 450 | 48 (77-1/2) | Naval: bldg. 4 guns |
| S. L II | Schütte Lanz 2 | r. | 26000 | 450 | 48 (77-1/2) | Building |
1908 | P I | Parseval 2 | n.r. | 3800 | 85 | 33-1/2 (54) |  |
1911 | P III | Parseval 11 | n.r. | 11000 | 400 | 42-1/2 (67) |  |
1912 | M I | Gross-Bas 2 | s.r. | 6000 | 150 | 28 (45) | old 1908 rebuilt |
| M II | Gross-Bas 3 | s.r. | 6000 | 150 | 28 (45) | old 1909 rebuilt |
| M III | Gross-Bas 4 | s.r. | 9000 | 300 | 42-1/2 (67) | old 1910 rebuilt |
1913 | M IV | Gross-Bas 5 | s.r. | 12000 | 400 | 44-1/2 (70) | old 1911 rebuilt |
| P II ersatz | Parseval 8 | n.r. | 8250 | 300 | 41 (66) | Building |
| P IV | Parseval 16 | n.r. | 10000 | 360 | 45 (72) | Building |

Private.[D]

Date. | Name. | Make. | Type. | Capacity in m³. | Total H.P. | Speed. m.p.h. (km.) | Remarks.
1910 | DEUTCHLAND 2 | Zeppelin 6a | r. | 15000 | 345 | 36 (58) | Deutschland Ersatz Delag |
1912 | V. LUISE | Zeppelin 11 | r. | 17000 | 450 | 40 (62) | Delag |
| HANSA | Zeppelin 13 | r. | 17000 | 450 | 40 (62) | Delag |
1913 Bldg. | SACHSEN | Zeppelin 17 | r. | 21000 |  | 48 (77-1/2) | Building. Delag |
1908 | P. L 1 | Parseval 1 | n.r. | 3200 | 185 | 20 (32) |  |
1910 | STOLLWERCK | Parseval 6 | n.r. | 9000 | 220 | 31 (50) |  |
1911 | P. L 9 | Parseval 9 | n.r. | 2200 | 50 | 25 (40) | Sporting[E] |
| R 2 | Ruthenberg 2 | n.r. | 1700 |  |  | Experimental |
1912 | SUCHARD | Suchard reb'lt | n.r. | 6730 | 200 | 17 (28) | to be rebuilt 1913 |
| P. L XII | Parseval 12 | n.r. | 8800 | 220 | 33-1/2 (54) |  |
1913 | P. L 10 | Parseval 10 | n.r. | 2200 | 50 | 25 (40) | Building: delayed |
| R 3 | Ruthenberg 3 | n.r. | 2700 |  |  | Building |

[D] P.L 9 reported sold to Turkey, April, 1913.

[E] Three other dirigibles, Unger, Veeh, and Siemens-Schuckert, are generally credited to Germany. Of these Unger is merely a project. Veeh has been talked about for four years, but has never reached completion. Siemens-S. has ceased to exist.

Dirigible Sheds.

(See Note.)

Bickendorf bei Köln.
Biesdorf bei Berlin.
*Bitterfeld (Parseval Co.)
Breslau.
Cuxhaven.
Düsseldorf (Delag)
Frankfurt a/m.
Friedrichshafen (Zeppelin Co.)

Gotha.
Hamburg (Delag).
*Johannisthal (L.V.G.)
Kiel (private).
Königsberg i/Pr.
Leichlingen.
Manzell (Zeppelin Co.)
Metz.
*München (private).

Oos bei Baden-Baden (Delag).
Potsdam (Delag)
Reinickendorf bei Berlin.
Rheinau.
Strassburg.
Stuttgart.
Thorn.

Note.—Unless otherwise stated the above are military sheds. All private ones capable of holding Zeppelins are subsidised. *=not large enough for Zeppelins.

Dirigible Pilots.

For M. dirigibles.

Geerdtz, Oblt.
George, Hptm.
v. Jena, Hptm.
Kirchner, Oberltn.

Lohmuller, Hptm.
Masius, Oberltn.
v. Muller, Hptm.
Nichisch v. Rosenegk, Oberltn.

Schlutter, Obltn.
Sperling, Major.
von Zech, Obltn.

Dirigible Pilots.

Z=Zeppelin. S=Schutte-Lanz. P=Parseval pilot.

(The number after each name is the Imperial Ae. C. certificate number.)

Z Abercron, H. v. Major (1)
Z Bassus, K. v. (28)
Z Bentheim, Kapt. Lt. a. D. v. (34)
Z Blew (25)
Clouth, R. (8)
P Dinglinger, F. (2)
Z Dorr, W. E. (21)
Z Durr (9)
Z Eckener, Dr. (10)
P Forsbeck, Ob. Lt. A. D. (11)
Z Glund, F. (23)
Z Hacker, (12)

P Hackstetter, Reg. B. a. D. (13)
Z Hanne, G. (32)
Z Heinen, A. (22)
Z Holzmann, Ob. Lt. A. (26)
S Honold, R. (29)
P Hormel, Kap. Lt. (14)
P Jordens, W. (19)
P Kehler, R. v. (6)
P Kiefer, T. (5)
Kleist, Hptm. a. D. v. (15)
P, Z Krogh, Hptm. a. D. v. (16)
Z Lange, K. (30)

Z Lau (17)
Z Lempertz, E. (33)
Z Mechlenburg, W. C. (35)
Z Meyer, Ob. Lt. E. (27)
P Parseval, A. v. (4)
Z Stahl, K. (31)
P Stelling, A. (3)
Z Sticker, J. (24)
P Thewaldt, C. H. (20)
Z Zeppelin, Graf. v. (7)
Z Zeppelin, Graf. F. v. junr. (18)

GERMAN MILITARY CLASS—GROSS-BASENACH. (Semi-rigid)

Up to date, these vessels have been designed by Major Gross and Oberingenieur Basenach.

The utmost secrecy is observed as to their details.

The system of employing 2 ballonets has been borrowed from the Parseval type, and presumably the Parseval system of working the automatic valves has also been adopted.

In all other features, these ships appear to resemble the French Lebaudy type, the shape of the hulls being rather better.

List of ships built, re-built and re-building of this type:—

1 |  | = Aeronautical Society. | (1,800 m³) non-effective.
2 | (reconstructed) | = M 1, Military. | (6,000 m³)
3 | " | = M 2, Military. | (6,000 m³)
4 | " | = M 3, Military. | (9,000 m³)
5 | " | = M 4, Military. | (12,000 m³)

M I (re-built 1912), & M II (re-built 1912). Military.

Length, 242¾ feet (74 m.) maximum diameter, 36 feet (11 m.) capacity, 212,000 c. feet (6,000 m³) total lift, 13,338 lbs. (6,050 kg.) about 6 tons

Useful lift.—2,756 lbs. (1,250 kgs.)=about 1¼ tons.

Gas bag.—Continental rubber cloth, diagonal thread. Tapering shape.

Ballonet.—One-fifth of total volume.

Motors.—2-75 h.p. Daimler. 2 propellers, with 3 aluminium blades.

Speed.—About 28 m.p.h. (45 km.).

Remarks.—M I was originally built in 1908, re-built and enlarged 1910 and again in 1912. M II built 1909, re-constructed 1912.

M III (re-built 1912). Military.

Length, 295¼ feet (90 m.) diameter, 39-1/3 feet (12 m.) volume, 317,800 c. feet (9,000 m³.)

Motors.—4 Körting of 75 h.p. each = 300 h.p. total.

Speed.—19 metres per second = 42 m.p.h. (68½ k.p.h.)

Propellers.—2, on outriggers from car, chain-driven.

Remarks.—Built 1910. Burned 13th September, 1911. Rebuilt 1912.

M IV (re-built 1913). Military.

Maximum length, 334¾ feet (102 m.) maximum diameter, 44½ feet (13.5 m.) volume, 423,800 c. feet (12,000 m³.)

Total lift.— lbs. ( kgs.) Useful lift, lbs. ( kgs.)

Gas bags.—Continental.

Motors.—2 Körting, 100 h.p. each = total 200 h.p.

Speed.—44½ m.p.h. (70½ k.p.h.)

Propellers.—4 (two for each motor.) Carried on outriggers projecting from the car.

Remarks.—Departs from previous practice in having two separate cars, each of which contains one motor. Originally built in 1911 of 7,500 m³. Re-built 1912-1913 to details as above.

PARSEVAL CLASS (Non-rigid).

Luftfahrzeug-Gesellschaft m.b.H, Berlin, W. 62.

When the "Motorluftschiff Studien Gesellschaft" was formed at the instigation of the German Emperor, a committee was formed to acquire an experimental airship of the most promising type. Major Von Parseval's first airship was selected, and since that time the above company has confined itself to improving this type, and to making exhaustive and costly researches, all of which have been embodied in successive ships.

The characteristic feature of every one of these craft is its unequalled portability. Almost all other so-called Non-rigid vessels distribute the load by means of a long girder which also serves as a car. This girder is awkward to pack up and transport. Parseval uses a comparatively small car, and distributes the weight by hanging it further below the balloon than usual, and also by using 2 ballonets which are placed one near each end of the gas bag.

These 2 ballonets enable the ship to be trimmed by merely pumping air into either at the expense of the other.

Another essential feature of the type is the system by which the valves are worked automatically. At the present time there is no other system of valve working so reliable as this.

A third essential feature of the class is the use of a swinging car, in such a manner that pitching, due to alterations of propeller thrust, is automatically checked by an alteration of the position of the centre of gravity.

A fourth feature is the use of limp propeller blades. A propeller of this type is very easily packed up.

The shape of these vessels is in accordance with the experiments of Professor Prandtl.

Ships of this class built or building (figures supplied by the Parseval Co.):—

EXPERIMENTAL PARSEVAL | 2,300 m³.
P. L. 1 | Kals. Ae. C | 3,200 m³.
MILITARY P I | 4,000 m³.
MILITARY P II | 6,600 m³.
P. L. 4 | Austrian Military | 2,300 m³.
P. L. 5 | Luftverkehrs Gesellschaft | 1,450 m³.
P. L. 6 | " | 9,000 m³.
P. L. 7 | Russian Army | 7,600 m³.
P. L. 8 | MILITARY P II Ersatz | 8,250 m³.
P. L. 9 | Luftverkehrs Gesellschaft | 2,200 m³.
P. L. 10 | Motorluftschiff Studien Gesellschaft | 2,200 m³.
MILITARY P III | 11,000 m³.
P. L. 12 | Luftverkehrs Gesellschaft | 8,800 m³.
P. L. 13 | Japanese Army | 8,500 m³.
P. L. 14 | Russian Army | 9,500 m³.
P. L. 15 | Italian Army | 10,000 m³.
P. L. 16 | MILITARY P IV, Prussian Army | 10,000 m³.
P. L. 17 | Italian Army | 10,000 m³.
P. L. 18 | British Navy | 8,800 m³.

(Of the above, the Experimental is no longer in existence, P. 2 is out of service, and P. L. 3 has been burned and destroyed).

PARSEVAL (P.L. 1). (1908.) (Belongs to the Kaiserl. Aero Club.) (Parseval class.)

Length, 197 feet (60 m.) max. diam. 31 feet (9.4 m) capacity, 113,000 c. feet (3,200m³) lifting power, 7,800 lbs. (3,583 kgs.)

Gas bag.—Cylindrical, with semi-conical front. Of rubber-proofed material in longitudinal strips. Pressure in ballonets and gas bag, 30 mm. of water.

Motor.—One 85 h.p. Daimler.

Fuel.—700 lbs. (325 kg.) 88 gallons (400 litres)

Speed.—20 m.p.h. (32 k.p.h.)

Propeller.—One 4-bladed. Semi-rigid Parseval.

This vessel was somewhat altered on being bought by the Society. Her essential principle is that she can be taken to pieces in a few minutes, and carried in a truck. Her main feature is that she has a ballonet at each end. This is described in the case of type A (P.L. 2). This class rise with the forward ballonet empty, and inclined up by the bow. The propeller is similar to that of P.L. 2. The car also is mounted on wire runners. She was originally 4,000 m³. capacity. Built 1908. Station: Bitterfeld. The car is at present in Deutsches Museum, Munich.

PARSEVAL P.L. 2 = P. I. Military. (1908.)

Built by the "Society for the Study of Motor Air Ships," and taken over by the German War Office.

Length, 197 feet (60 m.) maximum diameter, 34 feet (10.40 m.) capacity, 111,270 cubic feet (4,000 cubic m.) lifting power, 9,200 lbs. (4,180 kgs.)

Gas bag.—Front end semi-ellipsoidal with semi-axes 15.4 feet (4.7 m.) and 11.8 feet (3.6 m.), from which it increases to its maximum diameter. This is maintained for about two-thirds of its length, when it begins to taper to a point at the stern. Made of 2 layers of transverse strips of rubber proofed material, crossing each other diagonally. Fitted with a tearing strip.

Ballonets.—One at each end, together amounting to about one-quarter of the total capacity. Owing to this disposition, the trim can be altered, and steering effected in the vertical plane by filling either more than the other. Pressure in the ballonets and gas bag, 20 mm. of water pressure.

Motor.—4-cylinder 85 h.p. Daimler placed at one side of the car to give more room. 1,000 to 1,200 r.p.m.

Propellers.—12-1/3 feet (3.75 m.) diameter, 250 to 300 r.p.m. 4-bladed, the blades being of peculiar construction. When stopped, the fabric of which they are made hangs down limply; when running, these flaps fly out under centrifugal force.

Speed.—27 miles per hour. 43 kilometers per hour.

Car.—Length, 22-1/3 feet (6.8 m.) Width 4.1 feet (1.22 m.) Made of nickel steel, U bars, screwed together so as to take the pieces rapidly. The sides are lattice girders. The whole is boat shaped and covered with canvas. Contains motor, chart table; trail rope 480 feet (146 m.) long, weighing 220 lbs. (100 kg.) Wheel for horizontal steering at the bow. 110 gal. (500 litre) cask of petrol on the girders at the after point. 41 feet (12½ m.) below the gas bag. It is capable of swinging horizontally on wires running over rollers. Whereas without this device a forward swing of the car would lift the nose to a possibly dangerous extent, the free motion of the car shifts the centre of the gravity forward and so preserves stability.

Steering.—In vertical plane, by altering the trim. In horizontal plane, by a rudder of 80.7 sq. feet (7½ m²) immediately behind the vertical plane. Two fixed horizontal planes are placed at the rear end of the gas bag above the central line.

PARSEVAL II.

Table of weights:—

Gas bag | 1,653 | lbs.
Cordage | 220.5 | "
Trail rope | 220 | "
Car and motor | 529 | "
Fuel | 770 | "
Oil | 160 | "
Oil and fuel tanks, instruments, miscellaneous | 1,637 | "
Crew, passengers, ballast | 1,654 | "
Total | 6,834 | lbs.

Note.—This remarkably successful ship has performed a continuous flight of 11½ hours. She also remained at a height of 4,800 feet (1,500 m.) for 1 hour. She can be transported in 1 railway truck or 2 pair horse wagons, and be assembled and filled ready for ascent within 3 hours of arrival by train.

Built 1908. Station: Metz.

PARSEVAL P.L. 6. "Stollwerck." (1910.)

Length, 229¾ feet (70 m.) Diameter, 49¼ feet (15 m.) Volume, 318,000 c. feet (9,000 m³)

Gas bags.—Riedinger.

Motors.—2 N.A.G. of 110 h.p. each = 220 h.p.

Speed.—31 m.p.h. (50 k.p.h.)

Propellers.—Two 4-bladed. Semi-rigid material.

Remarks.—Station, Johannisthal.

PARSEVAL P.L. 8. = P II. Ersatz. Military. (1913.)

Maximum length, 252¾ feet (77 m.) maximum diameter, 50¾ feet (15.50 m.) volume, 290,000 c. feet (8,250 m³.)

Total lift.—5½ tons=12,125 lbs. (5,500 kgs.)

Gas bags.—2 ballonets, usual arrangement.

Motors.—300 h.p. made up of two 150 h.p. Daimler motors, placed one behind the other.

Speed.—41 m.p.h. (66 km.)

Propellers.—2 Parseval, 4-bladed, semi-rigid steel.

Steering.—As in others.

Remarks.—Station, Cologne, (Cöln).

PARSEVAL P.L. 9 (1910), & 10. (Building 1913.)

Maximum length, 164 feet (50 m.) maximum diameter, 26¼ feet (8 m.) volume, 77,700 c. feet (2,200 m³.)

Total lift.—2,910 lbs. (1,320 kgs.)

Gas bag.—Continental fabric. One central ballonet instead of the usual two.

Motors.—1 N.A.G. of 50 h.p.

Speed.—25 m.p.h. (40 k.p.h.)

Propellers.—One 2-bladed, wooden. Diameter, 9¾ feet (3 m.)

Steering.—Differs from other standard types, in that only one ballonet being fitted, an elevator is introduced under the bow.

Remarks.—Small ships for sporting purposes. A remarkably successful type of small dirigible. A small P.L. 5, burned 1912. P.L. 10 delayed owing to press of other work.

PARSEVAL TYPE D.

PARSEVAL P.L. 11. = P. III. Military. (1911.)

Maximum length, 272-1/3 feet (83 m.) maximum diameter, 53 feet (16.20 m.) volume, 388,450 c. feet (11,000 m³.)

Total lift.—

Gas bags.—

Motors.—2 Körting, each of 200 h.p.=400 total.

Speed.—42 m.p.h. (67 k.p.h.) (18.3 metres p. sec.)

Propellers.—Two 4-bladed Parseval.

Remarks.—Built 1911. Station, Koenigsberg.

PARSEVAL P.L. 12. "Charlotte." (1912.)

Maximum length, 259 feet (79 m.) maximum diameter, 49¾ feet (15.20 m.) volume, 300,750 c. feet (8,800 m³.)

Total lift.—

Gas bags.—

Motors.—2 N.A.G. of 110 h.p. each=220 total.

Speed.—33½ m.p.h.=54 k.p.h. (15 m. per sec.)

Propellers.—2 Parseval.

Steering.—Usual.

Remarks.—Built 1911. Station: Wanne.

PARSEVAL P.L. 16 = P. IV. Military. (1913.)

Completing.

Maximum length, 308½ feet (94 m.) maximum diameter, 51½ feet (15.50 m.) volume, 353,000 c. feet (10,000 m³.)

Gas bags.—Metzler.

Motors.—2 Maybach, of 180 each=360 h.p.

Speed.—45 m.p.h.=72 k.p.h. (20 m. per sec.)

Propellers.—Two 4-bladed, wooden (on trial).

Remarks.—For the Prussian Army. Station: Berlin.

RUTHENBERG II. (1911).

H. Ruthenberg, Lehderstrasse 16/19, Weissensee bei Berlin: also Luftfahrzeug-Ges, Ruthenberg, Krefeld.

Small ships on Parseval lines. Still existing, but stored away.

Maximum length, 151 feet (46 m.) diameter, 24¼ feet 7.40 (m.) volume, 60,000 c. feet (1,700 m³.)

Gas bags.—

Motor.—

Speed.—

Propellers.—2 Ruthenberg.

Remarks.—

RUTHENBERG III. (1913).

Building.

Length, feet (m.) diameter, feet (m.) volume, 95,000 c. feet (2,700 m³)

Gas bags.—

Motor.—

Speed.—

Propeller.—Ruthenberg.

Remarks.—

SUCHARD. Non-rigid (Trans-Atlantic). (Re-constructed 1912).

Maximum length, 198½ feet (60/5 m.) maximum diameter, 56¼ feet (17.11 m.) volume, 237,681 cubic feet (6,730 m³.)

Total weight.—About 2 tons (2,130 kgs.)

Gas bags.—Metzeler fabric. One ballonet.

Motors.—2 of 100 h.p. (one a N.A.G., the other an Escher). Placed one behind the other. A 4 h.p. motor carried for auxiliary purposes. Petrol carried, (1700 kil.) Oil, (300 kil.)

Speed.—17 m.p.h. (28 k.p.h).

Propellers.—Two 2-bladed Zeise. Diameter, 9¾ feet (3 m.) Chain driven.

Steering.—Elevation by moving weight slung on cable under body. Rudder aft.

Remarks.—Built March, 1911, with a view to crossing the Atlantic from the Canaries to the Antilles. Re-constructed 1912. Proposed further re-construction in 1913.

SCHÜTTE-LANZ 1. Military. S.L. I.

(1911.) H. Heinrich Lanz, Rheinau bei Mannheim.

Maximum length, 426 feet (130 m.) maximum diameter, 60½ feet (18.40 m.) volume, 706,000 c. feet (20,000 m³.)

Total lift.—About 20 tons (20,000 kgs.) Useful lift.—About 5 tons (5,000 kgs.)

Gas bags.—These are of great strength and of unusual shapes, made to fit the interior, which is encumbered with cross stays. All but two of the bags are always full, and when the gas expands it flows into the remaining two, which are nearly empty at sea level, and full at 6500 feet (2,000 m.) A centrifugal pump is used for distributing the gas. There are 14 gas bags.

Motors.—2 Maybach of 270 h.p. each. The propellers are at the ends of the car, driven through 1 set of reduction gear. Speed.—38-43 m.p.h. About 59-64 k.p.h.

Propellers.—2 aft. Also 1 with its axis vertical.

Steering.—Vertical and horizontal rudders at both ends of the ship. Also see Propellers.

Remarks.—Two of these ships were under construction, and one was to be presented and one sold to the German government. The hull is built of special 3-ply wood made of Russian white fir; this wood is pressed into channel bars, angle bars, and all other requisite shapes. The strength of the hull is such that it can be supported at the ends without damage; its lightness is such that although the ship is nearly half as large again as Zeppelin II, yet the hull weighs about 3 tons less. Designed by Prof. Schütte.

In 1910, structural defects were found in Schütte I when the loads were applied. This has necessitated extensive alterations and much delay. In 1911 it was completed, and sold for £25,000 to the German Army.

SCHÜTTE-LANZ 2. Military. S.L. II. (1913.)

Building. Enlarged edition of above. 918,000 c. feet (26,000 m³.)]

ZEPPELIN type. Rigid.

Graf von Zeppelin, Friedrichshafen.

The features of this type are—A rigid framework of aluminium, a number of drum-shaped gas bags, and a thin outer cover.

At the end of March, 1913, the total of Zeppelins, limit and building was 16, including one (number 18) for Austria. Of these several had come to grief in various ways, and the actual total at the date mentioned, was:—

8 effective = 4 Army (of which one Z4 was still on trials), 1 naval and 3 private.

3 completing or building = 1 naval, 1 private and 1 for Austria.

Others projected but not actually in hand.

All are on the lines of the above plan, differing only in minor details, such as the provision of a cabin amidships, etc., and in dimensions.

Details see the following pages.

Name | Z I. | Ersatz. DEUTSCHLAND. | Z II. | VICT. LUISE. | Z III. (ex Schwaben) | HANSA. | L I. | (Ersatz Z I.) Z IV. | L II. | SACHSEN.
Zeppelin No. | 3b. | 6a. | 9b. | 11. | 12. | 13. | 14. | 15. | 16. | 17.
Date | 1908. | 1910. | 1911. | 1912. | 1912. | 1912. | 1912. | 1913. | 1913. | 1913.
Service | Army. | "Delag." | Army. | "Delag." | Army. | "Delag." | Navy. | Army. | Navy. | "Delag."
Volume | c. feet | 424,000 | 682,000 | 635,000 | 667,000 | 629,000 | 660,000 | 776,000 | 742,000 | 742,000 | 742,000
| (m³.) | 12,000 | 19,000 | 18,000 | 18,700 | 17,800 | 18,700 | 22,000 | 21,000 | 21,000 | 21,000
Length | feet (m.) | 446 (136) | 479 (136) | 459 (140) | 485-1/2 (148) | 459 (140) | 485-1/2 (148) | 518 (158) | 492 (150) | 492 (150) | 492 (150)
Diameter | feet (m.) | 38-1/2 (11.66) | 46 (14) | 46 (14) | 46 (14) | 46 (14) | 46 (14) | 47-1/2 (14.5) | 47-1/2 (14.5) | 47-1/2 (14.5) | 47-1/2 (14.5)
Envelope | Pegamoid | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Gas Bags | fabric | Continental | Continental | ... | ... | Continental | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
| number | 17 | 16 | 16 | 18 | 16 | 18 | ... | 18 | ... | ...
Lift | total tons | 12-1/2 | 16-1/2 | 17 | 19 | 17 | 19 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 21
| useful tons | 3-1/2 | 5 | 4-1/2 | ... | 4-1/2 | ... | 6 | ... | ... | ...
Motors | h.p. | 2--85 Daimler (= 170) | 3--115 Daimler (= 345) | 3--120 Maybach (= 360) | 3--150 Maybach (= 450) | 3--150 Maybach (= 450) | 3--150 Maybach (= 450) | 3--150 Maybach (= 450) | 3--150 Maybach (= 450) | (= 450) | (= 450)
Propellers | number | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ... | ...
| blades | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ... | 2 forward, 4 aft | 2 forward, 4 aft | ... | ...
| diam feet (m.) | ... | 12 (3.60) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Max. Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 29 (46) | 36 (57.5) | 35 (56) | 40 (62) | 49 (79) | 40 (62) | 48 (77) | 48 (77) | 48 (77) | 48 (77)
Full speed endurance | hrs. | 15 | 20 | 20 | 40 | 25 | 40 | 35 | ... | ... | ...
Complement | ... | ... | ... | 8 crew, 25 passengers | ... | ... | 21 | ... | ... | ...
Station | Metz | Oos | Cologne | Wechselnd | Cologne | Weschselnd | Hamburg | ... | Johannisthal | Leipsig

Z1 Military. (1908.) Obsolete. Shortly to be struck off list.

ERSATZ DEUTSCHLAND. (Private.) (1910.)

Z II. Military. (1911.)

VIKTORIA LUISE. (Private.) (1912).

Z III. Military. (1912.)

Zeppelin dirigible. Sachsen.

HANSA. (Private). (1912.)

No photo procurable.
Generally resembles Z IV.

L I. Naval. (1912.) Armament: 1 gun on top.

Photo. Deliius.

Z IV. Military. (1913). Armament: 1 gun on top, 1 in each gondola, 1 can be lowered from central cabin

GREEK.

Aerial Societies:—

None.

Aerial Journals:—

None.

Military Aeroplanes:—

At end of March, 1913, these included:—1 Astra hydro. (fitted with Scott's bomb dropper), 2 or 3 Nieuports, 1—100 h.p. M. Farman, and probably some others. Owing to the war, details are unobtainable. 3 Bleriots reported captured from the Turks, and 15 Farmans on order.

Military Aviators:—

Adamis (824 Ae. C. F.)
Kamberos (744 Ae. C. F.)

Montoussis (839 Ae. C. F.)
Mutassas, Sub-lt., naval.

Savoff, Lt.

Flying Grounds:—

Phaleron.

Killed 1913.
Argyropulus, Lt.

ITALIAN.

Aerial Societies:—

Ae. C. d'Italia (Ae.C.I.), 62 via Colonna, Rome.

Ae. Club di Roma (Ae.C.I.), 183, via del Triton, Rome.

Circolo, Aeronautico Napoletano, 295 v. Roma, Naples.

Lega Aerea Nazionale (L.A.N.), 6 via della Signora, Milan.

Societa Aeronautica Italiana (S.A.I.),

4 via Boccaccio, Milan.
6, via Cernaia, Turin.

Societa Aviazone, di Torino (S.A.T.), 28 via Roma, Turin.

Societa Ital. di Aviazone, (S.I.A.), 14 v. Monte Napoleone, Milan.

Aerial Journals:—

(3 times a week.)

Gazzetta dello Sport, 15 v. della Signora, Milan. L—.05 (=1/2d.)

(Weekly):

Italia Sportiva, Rome. L—.05 per no. (=1/2d.)

Lettura Sportiva, 17 corso Porta Romana, Milan. L—.10 (=1d.)

Sports (Gli). 46 and dei Prefretti, Rome. L—.05 (=1/2d.)

Stampa Sportiva, 3 v. Davide Bertolotti, Turin. L—.10 (=1d.)

Tribuna Sport, 22 via S. Giacomo, Naples. L—.10 (=1d.)

(Monthly):

Rivista della L.A.N. (Lega Aerea Nazionale), Milan.

Rivista del T.C.I. (Touring Club Italiano), 14 v. Monte Napoleone, Milan. L—.40 (=4d.)

La Navigazione Aerea (Bolletino dell' Ae. C. d'Italia). L—1.80 (=1/6.)

(Annual):

Annuario dell' Aeronautica (Touring Club Italiano), 14 v. Monte Napoleone, Milan. L—6.00 (=5/-)

Flying Grounds (Military see next page):—

Cameri, Novara.—15 hangars (Thouvenot school).

Mirafiore, Turin.—17 hangars (Asteria and Chiribiri schools).

S. Giusto, Pisa.—4 hangars (Antoni school).

Taliedo, Milan.—26 hangars.

Vizzola Ticino.—7 hangars (Caproni school).

Dirigible Headquarters (with hangars, etc., etc.):—

Bracciano.
Milan.
Rome.
Venice.
Verona.

ITALIAN MILITARY AVIATION.

ORGANISATION, etc.

The Battaglione Aviatori has its headquarters at Turin. In July, 1912, it was re-organised along the following lines:—

1 command at Turin.
1 flying work.
1 technical work.
2 troop duty.
6 at the aviation schools, with a certain number of mobile squadrillos.

The recognised grades are:—

a.a.p. aspirante allievo (learners).
a.p. allievo pilota (certificated pilots).
p. pilota militare (superior military brevet).

In flying work the superior pilots are mostly using Bleriots; the ordinary pilots Bleriot-Caproni, Bristol, Antonis, Deperdussins and Voisins.

The technical section chiefly supervises the theoretical instruction of the a.a.p.

The 2 companies on troop duty practical work, preparation for the schools.

FLYING SCHOOLS.

The military schools are:—

Aviano.—Central school. Size about 5×2 kilometres. Sheltered from all winds except westerly, by banks of trees. Numerous hangers.

Mirafiori (Turin).—Mixed military and civil school. Hangers. School machines confined to Asteria, Bleriot, Nieuport and Savary types.

Pordenone.—School for superior brevets. Treeless plain. Principal school machines Breguets and Farmans; but some Bleriots and Caproni.

S. Francesco al Campo.—M. Farman machines. At present for officers trained in France.

Somma Lombarda.—Camp school for Nieuports.

Venaria Reale.—Formed late in 1912. Bristol monos for certificated pilots.

GENERAL TRAINING.

50 officers in training during the first quarter of 1913.

Aspirants commence with instruction in the theory of heavier than air machines, resistance of material and particular instruction in the various type of aero motors in use. They are taken for flights as passengers.

All then go to the training camp about 80% for monoplane work, the remainder for biplanes.

Monoplanes. Special attention paid to teaching Gauchis Dessent.

Biplanes. Much shorter course. Principal feature: Vol Plané.

For the military brevet the examination is most comprehensive, special attention is paid to flying in wind, manoeuvring, climbing, good landings without inconvenience to passengers, cross country flights, etc. The course is generally modelled on war experiences.

TOTAL FLYING STRENGTH.

No particular distinction between naval and military aviators.

Total by end of June, 1913, to be about 225 certificated aviators of whom a fair percentage hold the superior brevet. In addition all the best civilian aviators are held at disposal.

Military Aeroplanes.

At the end of 1911 there were about 20 machines, mostly Bleriots and Farmans. The majority of these are still in use for school purposes.

At the end of March, 1913, the machines effective for war purposes were roughly as follows:—

Bleriot.
Bristol (mono.)
Caproni.
Deperdussin.
Farman.
Hanriot.
Nieuport.
Savary.
Total about 50, plus a number of school machines.

About 40 machines were on order, including 12 Bristol-Capronies.

Naval Aeroplanes.

Effective at end of March, 1913.

1 Calderara.
1 Guidoni-Farman.
4 or 5 others.

ITALIAN AVIATORS.

Military.

Agostoni, Capt. V. (45)
Bailo, Lieut. (71)
*Bolla, Capt. (89)
Cannonieri, Lieut. (22)
+Cammarotta, Lieut. (15F)
De Filippi, Com. (5)
*De Rada, Lieut. (38)
*Falchi, Capt. (55)
Garassini. (29)
*Gavotti, Lieut. (25)
Gazzera, Lieut. (20)

Guidoni, Capt. (58)
*Lampugnani, Lieut. (33)
+Manazini, Lieut. (98)
Moizo, Capt. (40)
Neri, Lieut. (345-Ae. C. F.) (106)
*Palmadi, Cesnola Lieut. (75)
*Piazza, Major (44)
Pizzagalli, Capt. (49)
Poggi, Lieut. (82)
Prandoni, Capt. (69)
*Pulvirenti, Lieut. (50)

Raffaelli, Lieut. A. (108)
Ravelli (453, Ae. C. F.)
Roberti, Lieut. (47)
Rossi, Capt. (27)
+Saghetti, Lieut. (16)
Savoia, Lieut. T. U. (4)
Surdi, Lieut. (32)
*Vece, Lieut. F. (74)
+Vivaldi, Lieut. (31)

Brevets in 1912.

Andriani, Capt. O. (137)
Antonini, Capt. L. (91)
Almerigi, F. (159)
Alvisi, Lieut. A. (172)
Baglione, Lieut. A. (129)
Baracca, F. (167)
Bonamici, L. (101)
Bongiovanni, Lieut. E. (115)
Bongiovanni, c. L. (124)
Bonuti, R. (135)
Brach, Lieut. F. (146)
Buzzi, Lieut. M. (156)
Calderara, Lieut. A. (134)
Calori, S. (136)
Capuzzo (143)
Casabella, Lieut, G. (121)
Clerici, Lieut. U. (110)
Cuzzo, Capt. A. (166)

De Giovanni, Lieut. G. (101)
De Riso, Lieut. G. (153)
Della Chiesaconte, Lieut. A. (109)
Ercole, Lieut. E. (117)
Franceschini, Lieut. E. (112)
Gallotti, Lieut. A. (150)
Garino ing. G. (134)
Girotti, Lieut. M. (100)
Gordesco, Lieut. M. (151)
*Graziani, Lieut, C. (92)
Jacoponi, Lieut. A. (171)
Kerbaker, Lieut. E. (99)
Laureati, Lieut. G.
Leffi dott. sott. med. A. (169)
*Mareno, M. A. (90)
Moreno, Capt. G. (78)
Nosari, G. (142)

*Novellis di Coarazze, Capt. A. (94)
Oddo, A. (147)
Pagano, P. (158)
Palpacelli, A. (164)
Perrucca, D. (162)
Poggioli, Q. (107)
Pongelli, R. (60)
Porta, Capt. E. (145)
Prandoni, Capt. E. (69)
Resio, Lieut. (120)
Rosetti, A. (157)
Russi, Lieut. S. (152)
Suglia, Lieut. C. (118)
Torelli, F. (165)
Valdimiro, Lieut. F. (170)
Venanzi, U. (155)
Zanuso, Lieut. G. (149)

Naval.

(To end of 1911).

Calderara, Lieut. (1)
Ginnochio, Lieut. (18)
*Rossi, Sub. Lieut. (31)
Strobin, Lieut. (39)

(During 1912).

De Muro, Lieut. (119)
Frigerio, Lieut. (154)
Scelsi, Capt. difreg. G.

Private.

(To end of 1911).

Akachew, C. (61)
Amerigo (3)
Barigiola, G. (51)
Battagli, B. (34)
Bianchi, P. (6)
Biego, C. (56)
Bigliani, A. (63)
Borgotti, G. (43)
Brilli, D. G. (48)
Brociner, M. (87)
Cagno, U. (10)
Cagliani, A. (23)
Cannoniere, Umberto (22)
Cattaneo, Bartelomo (2)
Cavaglia, Pietro (30)
Cavalieri, Alfredo (17)
Cei, J. (53, Ae. C. F.)
Casaroni, A. (77)

+Cirri, Ciro (11)
Cobianchi, Mariot (24)
Darioli, Ernesto (9)
Da Zara, Leonino (7)
De Agostina, A. (53)
De Antonis, A. (67)
Faccioli, Mario (21)
Franzoni, R. (62)
Garassini, G. G. (29)
Gianfelice (59)
Ginnochio, T. (18)
Graziani, nob. Ettere (28)
Lusetti, A. (19)
Maffeis, C. (36)
Maggiora, C. (72)
Manissero, R. (37)
+Marra, R. (35)

Marro, E. (52)
Mogafico, Mario (26)
Mosca, Francesco (47)
Pasquali, R. (66)
Picollo, G. (32)
Poggioli, Quinto (117)
Porro, A. (113)
Ramasotto, M. M. (148)
Ravetto, Clemento (12)
Ré, Umberto (86)
Ruggerone, G. (14)
Sabelli, G. (93)
Santoni, L. (114)
Stucchi, Federico (8)
Verona, A. (54)

(Brevets in 1912).

Amour, ing. E.
Arista, A. (131)
Ballerini, M. (132)
Bergonzi, P. C. (78)
Berni, L. (95)
+Bertoletti, R. (79)
Borsalino, G. M. (102)
Brunetta D'Usseaux, G. (125)
Carabelli, C. (104)
+Caramanlaki, A. (97)
Caramanlaki, G. (168)

Carminati di, B. N. (163)
Colucci, G. (80)
Corsini, J. C. (133)
Corsini, A. E. (85)
Dalla, N. C. (126)
Dal Mistro, C. A. (127)
De Campo conte, S. (103)
Fabri, A. (165)
Facchini, E. (141)
Garino, G. (134)
Gelmetti, A. (83)

Grassi, conte A. (88)
Leonardi, G. (122)
Mandelli, P. (96)
Marazzi, E. (140)
Nardini, G. (128)
Paolucci, G. (144)
Piceller, G. (105)
Sacerdoti, C. (116)
Salengo, R. (138)
Vallet, C. (86)
Zorra, L. (84)

Private Aeroplanes.

At the end of March, 1913, there were about 45 machines in use at the various private schools, and about 6 privately owned aeroplanes.

ITALIAN AEROPLANES

A

ANTONI.

Soc. di aviazione Antoni, via Vitt. Emanuele, 46, Pisa. School: S. Guisto, Pisa. Output capacity: about 20 machines a year.

| 1912-13. Single seat mono. | 1912-13. 2-seater military mono.
Length | feet (m.) | 33 (10) | 36 (11)
Span | feet (m.) | 28 (8.50) | 28 (8.50)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 172 (16) | 237 (22)
Weight | machine lbs. (kg.) | 660 (300) | 770 (350)
| useful lbs. (kg.) | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | Gnome or Anzani | Gnome and Anzani
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ...
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | ... | ...

ASTERIA.

Fabbr. Ital. Aeroplani ing. Darbesio e. C., via Salbertrand, 12, Torino (Turin). School: Mirafiori. Capacity: small.

| 1912-13. Monoplane. | 1912-13. Biplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 21-3/4 (6.50) | 29-1/2 (9)
Span | feet (m.) | 26-1/2 (8.10) | 44 (13.50)
|  | ... | 24-1/2 (7.50)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 162 (15) | 431 (40)
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 530 (240) | 110 (500)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 50 Gnome | 70 Renault
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ...
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | ... | ...

C

CALDERARA. Navy hydro-monoplane.

Model 1912-13. | "Hydro vol."
Length | feet (m.) | 54 (16.50)
Span | feet (m.) | 61 (18.50)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 753 (70)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 2644 (1200)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ...
Motor | h.p. | 150 (formerly 100 Gnome)
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 62 (100)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | 50 (80)
Endurance | hrs. | 6-1/2
Number Built during 1912 | 1

Lieut. Calderara's floats consist of a plurality of w.t. compartments with internal lattice frame, well braced. Hull is formed of three skins of wood, sail-cloth between each. Distance between outer floats, 21 feet (6.30 m.) Centre of gravity is only 4½ feet (1.40 m.) above water. If necessary wings can be cut away and the central hull used as a boat with emergency sail.

CALDERARA. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

CAPRONI.

Soc. di Aviazione Ingg, Caproni e Faccanoni, Vizzola Ticino. School: Vizzola Ticino.

Models 1912-13. | Single Seat mono. A. | Single Seat mono. B. | 2-seater mono. | 3-seater mono.
Length | feet (m.) | 26-1/4 (8) | 26-1/4 (8) | ... | ...
Span | feet (m.) | 29 (8.80) | 29 (8.80) | ... | ...
Area | sq. ft. (m².) | 162 (15) | 162 (15) | 172 (16) | 226 (21)
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 485 (220) | 660 (300) | 750 (340) | 760 (345)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 35 Anzani | 50 Gnome | 60 Anzani | 80 Gnome
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 56 (90) | 75 (120) | 75 (120) | 87 (140)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | 3-1/2 | ... | ... | 4
Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ...

Remarks.—At the end of 1912, held Italian record for speed, 200-300 k.m. Flown by Cobioni.

CAPRONI-BRISTOL.

Caproni also builds under Bristol license.

CHIRIBIRI.

A Chiribiri e. C, via Lamarmora 28, and via Don Bosco 68-73. Torino (Turin).

CHIRIBIRI.

Models 1912-13. | 45 h.p. mono. | 50 h.p. mono. | Racing mono. | 80 h.p. mono.
Length | feet (m.) | 23 (7) | 23 (7) | 24-3/4 (7.50) | 25-3/4 (7.80)
Span | feet (m.) | 29-1/2 (9) | 29-1/2 (9) | 31 (9.30) | 39-2/3 (12.10)
Area | sq. ft. (m².) | 204 (19) | 204 (19) | 226 (21) | 258 (24)
Weight | machine lbs. (kgs.) | 595 (270) | 683 (310) | 772 (350) | 595 (270)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 45 Chiribiri | 50 Chiribiri | 60 Chiribiri | 80 Chiribiri
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 44 (70) | 56 (90) | 103 (165) | 65 (105)
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... | ... | ...
Endurance | hrs. | ... | ... | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | 2 | ...

F

FRIULI.

E. Pensuti e E. Calligaro, Pordenone. School: Pordenone. A 30-35 h.p. Anzani motor monoplane. Area, 150 sq. feet. (14 m²). Generally of Bleriot type, but Hanriot type landing carriage.

G

GUIDONI. Naval Hydroavions.

Either a Farman biplane or a Nieuport mono. is used, mounted on special floats designed by Capitano del Genio navale Guidoni. There are two long floats, each of which is fitted with parallel fins.

FOREIGN AGENCIES.

Foreign types of machines are constructed in Italy under licenses as follows:—

BLERIOT.

Soc. Ital. Transaerea, corso Peschiera 25, Torino (Turin).

BRISTOL.

(British), by Caproni.

DEPERDUSSIN.

Soc. Ital. degli Aeroplani, via Giulini 7b, Milan.

NIEUPORT.

Carrozzeria Macchi. Varese.

ITALIAN DIRIGIBLES.

| Army. | Navy.
Name and Date. | P1. 1909. | P2 & P3. 1910 & 1911. | P4 & P5. both 1912. | Citta di Milano 1912. | Parseval. (P.L. 17). 1912-13. | M1. 1912. | M2 & M3. 1912 & 1913.
Volume | c. feet | 148,000 | 155,000 | 166,000 | 424,000 | 353,000 | 424,000 | 424,000
| (m³.) | (4200) | (4400) | (4700) | (12000) | (10000) | (12000) | (12000)
Length | feet (m.) | 197 (60) | 207 (63) | 207 (63) | 233 (72) | 279 (85) | 272-1/3 (83) | 272-1/3 (83)
Diameter | feet (m.) | 38 (11.60) | 38 (11.60) | 39-1/3 (12) | 59 (18) | 52-1/2 (16) | 56 (17) | 56 (17)
Gas bags | fabric | Silk | Continental | Continental | ... | Riedinger | Metzeler | Metzeler
| compartments | 7 | 8 | 8 | ... | 0 | ... | ...
| ballonets | 1 | 1 | 1 | ... | 2 | ... | ...
Lift | total tons | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.75 | ... | ... | 9.50 | 9.50
| useful tons | 1.10 | 1.35 | 1.50 | ... | 3.00 | 3.80 | 3.80
Motor | h.p. | 1-100 C. Bayard (=100) | 1-120 C. Bayard (=120) | 2-80 Fiat (=160) | 2-85/100 Isotta (=170/200) | 2-170 Maybach (=340) | 2-250 Fiat (=500) | 4-125 Wolseley (=500)
Propellers | number | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 Parseval | 2 | 2
| blades | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4
| diameter feet (m.) | 10 (3) | 10 (3) | 10 (3) | 14 (4.20) | ... | 12-1/2 (3.80) | 12-1/2 (3.80)
Max. speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 32 (52) | 35 (56) | 37 (60) | 45 (72) | 40 (65) | 44 (70) | 44 (70)
Full speed endurance | hrs. | ... | ... | ... | ... | 20 | 12 | 12
Max. complement | 5 | 5 | 5 | ... | ... | 14 | 14
Station | Bracciano | Tripoli | Vigna di Valle | Baggio | Venice | Bracciano |

Notes: All the above are semi-rigid. The P and M are all of the same general type. Principal features of these ships, which were designed by Captains Crocci and Ricaldoni, are the shape of the envelope, (maximum diameter very far forward), keel and the box kite tail. The Citta di Milano (semi-rigid) is an enlarged Leonardo da Vinci (which see). Special feature is the keel built into the envelope. This serves as a nacelle.

Building.—One Parseval (P.L. 15) about the same size as the other (P.L. 17), which was completed first.

Army Dirigible Pilots.

Agostoni, Capt.
Biffi, Ten.
Bosio, Ten.
Crocco, Capt. G.
Dal Fabbro, Capt. C.
Denti di Piraino, March, Capt.
Gallotti, Ten.

Longo, Ten.
Manni, Ten.
Menenti, S. Ten.
Merzari, Capt.
Messina, Ten.
Munari, Capt. E.

Pastina, Capt.
Ricaldoni, Capt. A.
Scelso, Ten L.
Seymandi, Capt. G.
Stabarin, Ten.
Tagliasacchi, Ten.

Navy Dirigible Pilots.

Carniglia, Ten. d. vas.
Gravina, Ten. d. v. Conte M.
Penco, Ten. d. v., A.

Ponzio, Ten. d. v., E.
Scelsi, Capt. di f., G.

Valerio, Sot. V.
Valli, Ten. d. v., G.

P.I.

Elevation of P. I. The later ships only differ in dimensions, and the fact that the middle rudder is done away with.

Dirigibles M1 & M2.

Citta di Milano.

Parseval (P.L. 17). First Italian Parseval.

ITALIAN PRIVATE DIRIGIBLES.

Name and date. | Ausonia bis. Reconstructed 1910. | Italia I. 1905. | Italia II. 1913. | Leonardo da Vinci. 1909. | Usuelli. 1909.
Volume | (m³.) | (1500) | (1500) | (2600) | (3265) | (3870)
Length | feet (m.) | 121 (37) | 128 (39) | 164 (50) | 131-1/4 (40) | 167-1/3 (51)
Diameter | feet (m.) | 27 (8.25) | 19-3/4 (6) | 32-3/4 (10) | 46 (14) | 32 (9.80)
Gas bags | fabric | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
| compartments | nil. | nil. | nil. | 7 | 6
| ballonets | 1 | nil. | nil. | 1 | 1
Lift | total tons | ... | 1.35 | 2.20 | 3.00 | ...
| useful tons | 0.80 | ... | ... | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 1-55 h.p. S.P.A. | 1-40/50 Antoinette | 1-50 h.p. | 1-40 Antoinette | 1-80 h.p. S.P.A.
Propellers | number | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2
| blades | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2
| diameter, feet (m.) | 10-3/4 (3.20) | 15 (4.50) | 10 (3) | 9 (2.70) | ...
Max. speed | m.p.h (k.m.) | 25 (40) | 25 (40) | ... | ... | 30 (50)
Full speed endurance | hrs. | ... | ... | ... | ... | 6
Max. complement |  | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Station |  | Bosco Mantico | Schio | building | Laid up at Baggio near Milan | Turin

Notes:

Ausonia. Nico Piccoli, via Accademia 12, Padova (Padua). Works: Magré, Vicenza (Schio). Semi-rigid.

Italia. Cont Almerico da Schio, Schio. Non-rigid. Special features is a "belly" of Para rubber in lieu of a ballonet.

Leonardo da Vinci. Ing. Enrico Forlanini, via Boccaccio 21, Milan. Works: Baggio. Semi-rigid, keel and nacelle, incorporated in envelope.

Usuelli. Usuelli and Borsalini, Torino (Turin). Non-rigid.

Private Dirigible Pilots.

Forlanini, ing. E.
Piccoli, D.
Usuelli, C.

Italia.

Usuelli.

FORLANINI. Uniform Dirigible Scale.

Leonardo da Vinci.

JAPANESE.

(Naval Aviation data. Official).

Aerial Societies:—

Tokio, Ae. Co.

Aeroplane Assoc., 1, Yayesu Cho, I-Chome, Kojimachi, Tokio. (Sec.: Dr. Fujioka).

Kikyu Kinkyu Kai (connected with War Office).

Flying Grounds:—

Near Yokohama.

Saitama, Tokorozawa (Government).—Dirigible shed and hangars.

Port Arthur, (Government).

General Military Aviation.

This was originally formed as one body without distinction between army and navy. It was subsequently re-modelled on lines somewhat similar to the British Royal Flying Corps with naval and military wings.

Navy.

The naval section is superintended by Capt. K. Yamaji, I.J.N.

The naval headquarters are at Oihama (near Yokosuka).

The naval force at the end of 1912 consisted of 4 hydro-aeroplanes (2 Curtiss and 2 Farman). The available total of qualified naval aviators was 5.

Finance.

The total amount granted for aviation of the navy in 1912 (fiscal year) was 100,000 yen (£10,000).

For the year 1913 the estimates amount was 100,000 yen (but not approved yet).

Pay of Flying Officers.

The special pay for officers employed in aerial work is undecided.

Army.

The army wing is responsible for the dirigible. Aeroplanes are one or two Bleriots, a Grade, 2 Tokogawa, and a Farman.

AVIATORS.

Military.

Hino, Major
Saigom, Capt.
Tokogawa, Capt.
Tokogama, Lieut.

Naval.

Narahara, Naval Constr.
Kaneko, Lieut.
Kono, Lieut.
Obama, Eng. Lieut.
Umikita, Lieut.
Usuioku, Naval Constr.

Private.

Doig, S.
Iga, Baron
Shigeno, Baron
Tsuzuki,
Yamada, Isaburo

The following have been killed:—

1912.
Aibata, Lieut.

1913.
Kimura, Lieut.
Tokuda, Lieut.
Takeishi.

Private Aviation.

There are some private aeroplanes being regularly flown in Japan. A number of aeroplanes have from time to time been invented by naval and military officers and private individuals, and some of them are in use. Inventors include Major Hino, naval constructor Narahara and Ushioki, Baron Iga, Baron Shigeno and Mr. Tsuzuki.

JAPANESE AEROPLANES.

Bleriot (since wrecked). Tokogawa. Wright. Grade. Army Flying School ground.

Narahara.

Tokogawa II. Type I the same except for minor details.

JAPANESE DIRIGIBLES.

PARSEVAL type. Military.

(P.L. 13.)

Length 259 feet (19 m.) maximum diameter 47¾ feet (14.50 m.) capacity, 8,500 m³.

Gas bag.—2 ballonets. Usual Parseval.

Motors.—Total, 300 h.p., made up of two 150 h.p. Maybach.

Speed.—42 m.p.h. (65 km.)

Propellers.—Two 4-bladed. Parseval.

Steering.—Usual Parseval (see German).

Remarks.—Of Parseval P.L. 12 type (see German). Built 1911.

YAMADA. Non-rigid. (Private.)

Photo by favour of M. Samuro Kuki.

Maximum length, feet (m.) maximum diameter, feet (m.) volume, 700 m³. (about)

Gas bag.—

Motor.—American make.

Speed.—

Propeller.—One.

Steering.—Biplane elevator forward. Triangular rudder in rear under gas bag.

Remarks.—Generally of American type.

MEXICAN.

Army Aeroplanes.

There are 2 old pattern H. Farman; also one or more Curtiss and Wright machines. Nothing seems doing with them.

AVIATORS.

Military.

Martinez, N. (Ae. C. F. 462)
Mendia, (Ae. C. F. 680)

Private.

Duval, Raoul
Lebrija, Miguel
Morales
Noriega

Ramsey, E. L.
Saavedra, Alfonso

Probably 2 others

(The above are mostly amateur builders.)

NORWEGIAN.

Aerial Societies:—

Aero Club, Norsk Flyveselskad (Christiana). Secretary, D. Barth.

Norsk Luftseilads Forening (Christiana). President, H. Mohn.

Aerial Journals:—

None.

Flying Grounds:—

Military Aviation.

At the end of 1912 the Army possessed two 70 h.p. M. Farmans (Renault motors), and the Navy a 100 h.p. N.A.G. Rumpler.

For 1913 the purchase of further machines is contemplated for both arms.

Private Aeroplanes.

Total at end of 1911 1

At end of 1912 there were in existence 2—a Grade and a Deperdussin.

AVIATORS.

Military.

Dichi, Lieut.
Jacobsen, Lieut.

Private.

Hansen.
St. Dons.

PERUVIAN.

Military Aeroplanes.

The Peruvian Government has made a special grant for aviation students, and war machines are projected. Actual order to end of 1912 was one Avro mono.

Private Aeroplanes.

Total at end of 1910 | 3
1911 | 2
1912 | none probably.

AVIATORS.

Bielovucic, J.
Chavez, J.
Monterc (766 A. C. F.)

Peruvian aviators killed:

1910.
Chavez, G.

1911.
Tenaud, C.

PORTUGUESE.

(Revised by J. SCHIERE, Aeronautical Engineer.)

Aerial Societies:—

Ae. C. de Portugal (R. Nova docklaemada d. ISL.)

Aerial Journals:—

Rivista Aeronautica (Ae. C. Journal.)

Flying Grounds:—

Campo do Seigcal.

Mounchãvo da Povoa.

Private Aeroplanes.

Total at end of 1910 | 1
1911 | 2
1912 | 2

Private Aviators.

De Castro, Sanchez
De Silva, Gomez

Military Aviation.

In 1912 a military corps was formed. At the end of 1912 it possessed Avro (1—50 h.p.), Voisin (1—80 h.p.), and M. Farman (1—80 h.p.) (since wrecked). 1 Deperdussin.

Private Aviation.

In 1911 the Gouveia mono. was built, span 9 metres, but it failed to fly. Also the Avante biplane, which also failed. First flight in Portugal by a Portuguese was De Castro in September, 1912, with an old Bleriot.

ROUMANIAN.

Army Aeroplanes.

At end of March, 1913, there were several 80 h.p. Bristol monos., 2 Bleriots, 1 Nieuport, 1 Morane, 2 Vlaiclu, and several H. Farman biplanes.

Government school is at Bucharest.

AVIATORS.

Military.

Capsa, Lieut.
Negrescu, Lieut.
Protpopscu, Lieut.
Vacas, Lieut. Poly
Zorileann, Lieut. (Ae. F. 587)

Private.

Bibesco, Prince (Ae. C. F. 20)
Oznoth

VLAICLU Monoplane.

Designed by Ouvret Vlaiclu. First shewn at the Vienna Exhibition, 1911. Modified; it flew very well indeed at Aspern, June, 1912. The 1912 model is of entirely novel type, a tail first monoplane with a propeller either end of the main planes, and a triangular tail aft. Principal details are:—Length, 34-2/3 feet (10.50 m.) Span, 30 feet (9.15 m.) Height, 12 feet (3.65 m.) Wing frame in three sections with gap between. Motor, 50 h.p., Gnome chain driven. Fuselage, old style; landing chassis on three wheels only, with a single ash skid in front. Covered in engine driving the 31 foot propeller shaft for the 2 propellers. Rear tail consists of 2 fixed planes, a triangular damping plane and a triangular keel plane. Forward, an elevator and two semi-circular rudders (double faced). From this combination remarkable results are achieved, and all gyrostatic effect from the propellers eliminated. Control, horizontal wheel on column. Elevator depressed or otherwise by action on column. Note.—At Vienna, 1912, this machine took first prize for the smallest circle and also for accurate bomb-dropping. The original machine was purchased by the Roumanian Army.

RUSSIAN.

General Note.—In the number of military machines and general attention to aviation Russia is only second to France. There are no effective machines of Russian design, but the Aviataka, Dux & Lomatuk firms build at home under foreign license, and there is also the Kennedy school (Anglo-Russian).

Aerial Societies:—

(Imperial) Aero Club.

1. Odessa branch.

2. Rostow and Don branch.

3. St. Petersburg "

Finland Ae. C., Helsingfors.

Kieff University Ae. C., Kieff.

Moscow Ae. C., Moscow.

Moscow Imp. Tech. College (Aviation Section).

Riga Ae. C., Riga.

Russian Aeronautical Society, St. Petersburg.

Sevastopol Ae. C.

Students' Aviation Club.

Tomsk Ae. C., Tomsk.

Volunteer Aerial Fleet.

Aerial Journals:—

Aeronautical Journal of St. Petersburg.

Aero (6, Liteiny, St. Petersburg). Weekly.

Dans l'Empire des Airs (7, Rota 26, Petersburg). Fortnightly.

Revue de Navigation Aérienne (7 rue Stremmiannaya, Petersburg). Weekly.

Sport (25, Ekaterineska, Odessa).

Wozdookhoplavatel (St. Petersburg). Monthly.

Wosduchoplawanie y Sport (Moscow). Monthly.

Flying Grounds:—

Gatchina Park.— Flying here under restrictions. V.F. school.

Kieff.—School for pilots.

Kolomiaggi.—Racecourse.

Novo Therkask.

Odessa.

St. Petersburg.—Kennedy school.

Sevastopol.—Volunteer Fleet school.

Warsaw.

RUSSIAN MILITARY AVIATION.

Army Aviation.

Early in 1912, under the presidency of the Grand Duke Alexander, the special school of the Volunteer Aerial Association was finally formed at Sevastopol for the winter and Gatchina for the summer.

June 1912. Vote for 150 aeroplanes (140 to be built at home). Vote 1,050,000 roubles for new school at Tauride.

November, 1912. Military trials results. (1) Sikorsky in a Sikorsky. (2) Haber in a M. Farman. (3) Boutmy in a Nieuport.

December, 1912. Aeronautical school re-organised. Put under control of one commandant, one assistant, and four juniors. Course made seven months—15 pupils per school at a time. A one month course in aeroplanes, aerial motors, etc. Of the pupils, 10 will be selected for aeroplanes. New flying school established at Taskend in Turkestan.

March, 1913. New schools established at Moscow, Odessa and Omsk.

At the end of 1911 the total number of military aeroplanes was about 100. At the end of March, 1913, the total number was about 250, of which about 150 were modern. Principal types: Albatross, Aviatik, Bristol, Deperdussin, Farman, Nieuport, Rumpler, there being an average of 20 of each. The majority built under Russian license in Russia. The number of actual military pilots was 72. There is, however, a special volunteer corps of about 36 private aviators, bringing the available total to 108 or thereabouts.

Navy Aviation.

July, 1912. Lieut. Andreadi, 50 h.p. Nieuport, did a flight with stops from Sevastopol to St. Petersburg.

September, 1912. Special naval aerodrome for hydro-avions ordered for Golodai Island, near Petersburg, bringing total of military and naval aerodromes to 6. Sikorsky hydro-avion acquired. Also an M. Farman ditto. New naval station projected at Libau.

October, 1912. Naval purchase of several Curtiss hydro-avions after trials at Sevastopol.

At the end of March, 1913, the approximate effective force was as follows (all hydros, or capable of being so fitted): 1 Astra, 1 Breguet, 2 Donnet-Leveque, 1 Farman, 4 Paulhan Curtiss, 2 Nieuport (50 h.p.), 1 Sikorsky. (A number of others on order.)

Early in 1913 experiments were carried out with a combination of floats and skids, invented by M. Lobanoff, of Moscow. This proved equally effective on land or water.

AVIATORS.

The following are army, navy or volunteer aviators. The number is the Russian Ae. C., unless otherwise stated. F = French. Prefix + = killed. n = navy.

Abramowitch Wissewold (14)
Agababa, N. (668 F.)
Agofonoff (20)
Aleknovitch, G. (29)
Alexandroff, D. (472 F.)
n Andreadi, Lt.
Artsgouloff (44)
Avinass, J. (60)
Badowski, L.
Bakhmoutoff, N. (6)
Berdchenko, V. (7)
Bistritsky, V. (8)
Boukshevden, Bar. G. (10)
Boutmy (de), E.
Campo, Scipio (211 F.)
Childovski (67)
Chioni, B. (250)
Chimansky (27)
Choudinoff (46)
Dmitrieff, J. (9)
Dorogouski (125 F.)
Dougowezky, A. (1)
n Dybovski, V. (12)
Efimoff, M. (31 F.)
Efimoff, T.
Erdeli, G. (45)
Eristov, Prince (524 F.)
Evsukoff, P. (21)
Firstemberg
Flegfier, von.
Gelgar (33)
Glouchenko, S. (48)
Godoulsky, A. (59)
Gorghkoff, G. (626 F.)
Goumberto-Dros, B. (58)
Grekoff G. (5.)
Grigoraschirilly (577 F.)
Houeninsey, A. (227 F.)
Husarenko (22)
Illin, A. (16)

Iougmeister (52)
Jankovsky, G. (24)
Joukoff (37)
Kaidenoff (42)
Kamensky, V. (66)
Katzian, A.
+ Kauzminski (228 F.)
Kebouroff, V. (210 F.)
Kirchstern
Kolchin, F. (28)
Komaroff, M. (245 F.)
Kostine, N. (223 F.)
Kauznezoff, P.
Kreiner, E.
Kroumm, A.
Lachtionoff, G. (57)
Lambert (de) C. (8 F.)
Lebedeff, V. (98 F.)
Lerche, M. (25)
Lewkowicz, H. (327 F.)
Linno, G. (15)
Lipowski, H. (330 F.)
Kokteff (61)
Makaroff, D. (13)
Makeef, P. (5)
Matyevitch, Matzevitch (152 F.)
n+Matyevitch, Capt. (178 F.)
Meybaum, T.
Miller (35)
Monakoff, (565 F.)
Naidenoff, G.
Naslennikoff, B.
Nikiforoff (18)
Nikolaieff (49)
Nikolsky, P. (17)
Oulianine, S. (181 F.)
Pehanovsky, B. (401 F.)
+ Pietrowsky, G. (195 F.)
Porcheron, J. (640 F.)
Popoff, N. (50 F.)

Poliakoff, A. (50)
Poplavko (34)
Pongolowski, W. (4)
Pristchepoff (38)
Raevsky, A. (F.)
Raygorodsky, A. (207 F.)
Rossinsky (68)
n Rouaroff, M. (245 F.)
Rynin, N. (23)
Sakoff, N. de (627 F.)
Salesky (41)
Samoilo (11)
Samouiloff, P. (51)
Séméniovitch (226 F.)
Semenko-Slavorossoff, H. (40)
Semitan (36)
Seversky-Prokofieff, N. (47)
Sewkowicz, L.
Shidloovsky, M.
Shimansky, K.
Shimkevitch, V.
Sikorsky, I. (63)
Skarginsky, A. (43)
Slusarenko, W.
+ Smith, V. (231 F.)
Sobansky Graf. (3)
Soechnikoff, A.
Soupnevsky, C. (26)
Springuefeld
Sredinsky, A.
Strelmkoff (71)
Tchemiakoff (72)
Tkatcheff, V. (64)
Tounochensky (32)
Tselary, I. (54)
Wassilieff, A. (225 F.)
Zaikine (191 F.)
Zelinsky, Col. (273 F.)
+ Zolotouchin, M. (31)

CIVILIAN AVIATORS.

There are very few purely civilian aviators in Russia. Russians who have obtained brevets include Mdlles Anarta (52), Golantchikova (55), Zvereva (30), Count de Lambert, (8 F.) and Count Malynski (209 F.) and one or two others. Few or none do any flying now.

RUSSIAN AEROPLANES.

A-Z

AVIATIK.

St. Petersburger Aviatik Gesellschaft, Petersburg. Construct Aviatiks. (See Germany.)

BRONISLAWSKI.

Experimental biplane with special stabilising features.

DUX.

Fabrica Moscovita Tneerskaja "Dux," Lastawa, Moscow. Construct under license.

GELTOUCHOW.

W. G. Geltouchow and A. W. Preiss, 4 Piasnitzkajai, Moscow. Constructs.

GILBERT.

C. Gilbert, 195 Twerskaja, Moscow. Constructs.

KENNEDY.

Soc. d. Dirigibles and Aeroplanes Kennedy, St. Petersburg.

MOTOR.

Riga-Sassenhof.

RODJESTVEISKY.

Built a triplane in 1911.

RUSSIAN MILITARY DIRIGIBLES (13).

| (1) | (2) | (3 & 4) | (5, 6, 7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13)
Name | LEBEDJ. | KOMMISSIONY. | JASTREB and GOLOUBJ. | ZODIAC VII, VIII & IX. | PARSEVAL. | FORSZMANN I. | FORSZMANN II. | ASTRA 13. | PARSEVAL 14. | C. BAYARD 6, bis.
Make | Lebaudy. | C. Bayard I. | Outchebny I & II. |  | Parseval 7. | Forszmann. | Forszmann. |  |  |
Date | 1910. | 1910. | 1910-11. | 1910-11. | 1911. | 1911. | 1912. | 1913. | 1913. | 1913.
System | Semi-rigid. | Non-rigid. | Semi-rigid. | Non-rigid. | Non-rigid. | Non-rigid. | Non-rigid. | Non-rigid. | Non-rigid. | Non-rigid.
Volume | c. feet (m³.) | 3700 | 3000 | 1500 | 2140 | 7600 | 800 | 600 | 9800 | 10,000 | 6200
Length | feet (m.) | 200 (61) | 184 (56.25) | ... | 164 (50) | 236 (72) | 121-1/2 (37) | ... | 259 (77.80) | 279 (85) | 250 (77.60)
Diameter | feet (m.) | 35-1/2 (10.80) | 34-3/4 (10.58) | ... | 29-1/2 (9) | 46 (14) | 19-3/4 (6) | ... | 49 (14.90) | 52-1/2 (16) | 42-3/4 (13)
Gas Bags | fabric | Continental | Continental | ... | Continental | Continental | ... | ... | Continental | Reidinger | Continental
| ballonets | 1 | 1 | ... | 1 | 2 | ... | ... | 2 (3100 m³.) | 2 | 2
| compartments | 3 | 2 | 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Lift | total tons | 4 | 3-3/4 | ... | 2 | 7 | 1/2 | 1/3 | ... | ... | 7-1/2
| useful tons | 1-1/4 | 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | nearly 4 | about 3-1/2 | 2-3/4
Motor | h.p. | 1-70 Panhard (=70) | 1-105 Clement B. (=105) | 1-75 E.N.V. (=75) | 1-60 Labor (=60) | 2-110 N.A.G. (=220) | 1-24 (=24) | ... | 2-150 Chenu (=300) | 2-180 Maybach (=360) | 2-130 Clement B. (=260)
Propellers | number | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | two 4-bladed | 1 | 1 | 3 | two 4-bladed | 2
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 30 (49) | 33-1/2 (54) | 13 (21) | 33-1/2 (54) | 37 (59) | 23 (37) | ... | 36 (60) | 43 (68) | ...
Notes | ex La Russie. | Jastreb reported wrecked, March, 1913. |  |  | Carries 500 litres of petrol. Has done 6-1/3 hours at 1500 metres, with 9 on board. |  | One-man dirigible. | Carries 740 litres petrol. Crew 6. Weights:Crew 1044 lbs.Tools, &c. 220 "Petrol, oil, &c. 7307 " = 8541 "Forward propeller 6m. diameter; the two after ones 3 m. each. |  | Special 2 speedgear to propellers.

Note.—Illustrations see next page.

Lebedj. Uniform Dirigible Scale.

Jastreb (Outchebny).

Kommissiony. Uniform Dirigible Scale.

FURSZMANN.

Note.—The other dirigibles are of usual type. See France and Germany.

SERVIA.

Military Aviation.

At end of March, 1913, there were 7 aeroplanes, and 3 more (Bleriots) on order.

SPANISH.

Aerial Societies:—

El Real Aëro Club de España (70 rue Alcala, Madrid).

La Asociacion de Locomocion Aérea (20 Plaza de Cataluna, Barcelona).

Real Aero Club d'Espana.

Cataluna Ae. C.

Aerial Journals:—

Boletin Oficial de la Asociacion de Locomocion Aérea, 20, Plaza de Cataluna, Barcelona (monthly).

España Automovil, 5, plaza de Isabel II, Madrid. Official organ, Spanish R. Ae. C.

Revista de Locomotion Aerea, 20, Plaza de Cataluna, Barcelona (monthly).

Flying Grounds:—

Carbouchelle Military School.

Army Aeroplanes.

There are 9 old Farmans (1910-11 model), and one or two more modern monoplanes: but little is doing.

Some hydro-aeroplanes are on order for the Navy.

AVIATORS.

Military.

Adaro, Lt. J.
Alfaro, Lt. H.
Arridaga, Capt.
Berron, Lt. E.

Echevarria, J.
Gonzales, Capt. C. J.
Granche
Kindelan, Capt. A.

Menendez, M.
Ortiz, So. Lt. J.
Penas, M. de las
Pujo, Capt. (467 F)

Private.

Campano
Dras, J. F.
Jezzi, R. G. L. (British Ae. C. 44)[F]

Lailhacar, de
Pascal, Ferdinand

Pimentel, B. L.
Prince Alphonse d'Orleans (1)

The following Spanish aviators have been killed:—

1909.
Fernandez, A.

1911.
Pola, M.
Mauvais

1912.
Bayo, Capt.

[F] Jezzi lives in England where he is a well known amateur constructor.

Military Dirigible Pilots.

Herrera, Lt. E.
Kindelan y Duany, Capt. A.
Vives y Vich, Col.

SPANISH DIRIGIBLES (Non-rigid).

ESPANA. Military. (ASTRA class.)

Maximum length, 197 feet (60 m.) maximum diameter, 35-1/3 feet (10.75 m.) volume, 43,057 c. feet (4,000 m³.)

Total lift.—9,700 lbs. (4,400 kgs.) Useful lift, lbs. ( kgs.)

Gas bags.—Yellow coloured rubber proofed Continental fabric.

Motor.—One 100 h.p. 4-cylinder Panhard.

Speed.—29 m.p.h.

Propellers.—1, at the front end of the car, of wood, "Integrale" type.

Steering.—As in Clement Bayard I and Ville de Nancy.

Remarks.—The two side stabilising shapes are duplicated, as they are in the Ville de Paris. A webbing stretched on steel tubes is introduced between the inner edges of the 4 main stabilising shapes to provide extra stabilising surface.

TORRES-QUEVEDO II. Military.

Maximum length, 147¾ feet (45 m.) maximum diameter, 32¾ feet (10 m.) volume, 56,700 c. feet (1,600 m³.)

Total lift.— lbs. ( kgs.) Useful lift, lbs. ( kgs.)

Gas bags.—

Motor.—60 h.p. Chenu.

Speed.—

Propellers.—

Steering.—

Remarks.—Designed by Captain Kindelan and Engineer Torres Quevedo.

SWEDISH.

(Revised by Lieut. DAHLBECK, R. Swedish Navy.)

Aerial Societies:—

Svenska Aëronautiska Sällskapet (Stockholm).

Kungl. Automobil klubben: (Fenixpalatset, Stockholm).

Svenska Motor-klubben: Aero sektion (Stockholm).

Aerial Journals:—

Svensk Motor-Tidning (Fenixpalatset, Stockholm) Fortnightly.

Flying Grounds:—

Ljungbyhed (Skåne), sheds.

Malmslãtt, sheds.

Military Aeroplanes.

At the end of March, 1913, the Army possessed 1 monoplane, 1 biplane, and 2 biplanes building.

The Navy had 1 Bleriot type monoplane and 3 building.

At the end of 1912 there were 9 privately owned aeroplanes.

AVIATORS.

(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C. Swedish pilot certificate.)

Military.

von Porat, Lieut. (6)
Ljungner, Lieut. (7)
Hamilton, Capt. (2)

Naval.

Dahlbeck, Lieut. (3) (British Ae. C. 120)
Werner, Lieut. (9)

Private.

Cedarstrõm, Baron C. (1)
Fjãllbãck (4)
Ångstrõm (5)
Sundstedt (8)
Thulin, M.A. (10)

SWEDISH AEROPLANES.

ASK. Monoplane.

Harlan type. Built by Ask, 1911.

NYROP. Naval Monoplane.

Bleriot 2-seater. Built in Sweden by Nyrop, 1911. Motor, 50 h.p. Gnome.

DAHLBECK.

Farman type. Built by Lieut. Dahlbeck. 1913.

SWISS.

(By our special Swiss editor.)

Aerial Societies:—

Aero Club Suisse (3, Hirschengraben, Berne). Sec.: F. Filliot.

a Ostschweizerischer V. für L. (Zürich).

b Sektion Mittelschwerz (Bern).

c Sektion Westschweiz (Romande) (Lausanne).

d Club Suisse d'Aviation (Geneva).

Club Genêvois d'Aviation (Geneva). Sec.: P. Brasier.

Flügsport Klub (Rorschach). Sec.: A. Zürn.

Aerial Journals:—

Bulletin de l'Aero Club Suisse (Berne). Monthly.

La Suisse Sportive (16, Rue de Hesse, Geneva). Weekly.

Sport (35, Boulevard Exterieur, Berne).

Automobil Revue (Berne). Weekly.

Le Sport Suisse (Geneva). Weekly.

L'Auto Sport (Geneva). Weekly.

A.C.S. (Swiss Aut. Clubs) (Geneva). Fortnightly.

Das Illustrierte Programm (Zurich). Fortnightly.

Revue Weinfelden. Monthly.

Flying Grounds:—

Avenches.

Collex-Versoix. (Club Suisse d'Aviation).

Lucerne.—60 acre park. Sheds.

Petit Lancy. Geneva (Geneva Club).

Dübendorf bei Zurich.

Dirigible Station (with hangars):—

Lucerne.

Army Aeroplanes.

At the end of March, 1913, there were no army aeroplanes, a Farman bought in 1911 having ceased to exist.

Private Aeroplanes.

Total at end of 1910 | about | 10
1911 | " | 15

At the end of March, 1913, there were about 15 privately owned aeroplanes.

AVIATORS.

(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C. Suisse pilot certificate number.) + = killed.

Military.

Real, Lieut. T. (4)
+ Schmidt, Capt. J.

Private.

Audemars, E. (7)
Bianchi, P. (6)
Bider, O. (32)
+ Blane, M. (17)
Bucher, M. (11)
Burkard, H. (20)
Burri, E. (24)
Casser, E. (28)
+ Cobioni, E. (15)
Domenjoz, J. (10)
Durafour, F. (3)
Failloubaz, E. (1)
Grandjean, R. (2l)
Gsell, R. (12)
+ Hösli, G. (25)
Hug, M. (18)
Ingold, K. E. (35)

Jucker, A. (13)
Kramer, H. (31)
Mallei, A. (23)
Parmelin, A. (22)
+ Primavesi, E. (34)
Rech, E. (29)
Rettig, J. J. (27)
Reynold, M. (19)
Ruchonnet, E. (5)
Rupp, A. (9)
Salvioni, C. (16)
+ Schmid, H. (14)
Schumacher, J. (26)
Taddoli, E. (2)
Trepp, M. (30)
Wyss P. A. (8)
Züst, B. (33)

SWISS AEROPLANES.

Grandjean.

Taddeoli.

Wetterwald.

Model and date. | GRANDJEAN. Hydro-monoplane. 1911-12. | TADDEOLI. Monoplane. 1911-12. | WETTERWALD. Monoplane. 1912.
Length | feet (m.) | 33 (10) | 19-3/4 (6) | 24-1/2 (7.50)
Span | feet (m.) | 33 (10) | 29-1/2 (9) | 33 (10)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 191 (18) | 151 (14) | 215 (20)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 750 (340) | 880 (400) | 705 (320)
| useful, lbs. (kgs.) | 310 (140) | 330 (150) | ...
Motor | h.p. | 50 Oerlikon | 50 Gnome | 40 E.N.V.
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 62 (100) | 69 (110) | ...
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | 56 (90) | ... | ...
Number built during 1912 | 2 | 1 | 1

TURKISH.

Army Aeroplanes.

There is a military aerodrome at S. Stefano, with Amerigo, Renzel and Thanlau as instructors.

In March, 1913, there were about 12 monoplanes (Harlans & Reps), and one or two biplanes. Only one seems actually to have been used. Several other aeroplanes were captured during the war—generally in their packing cases unopened. In April, 50 machines were reported ordered in Germany.

AVIATORS.

Military.

Fessa, Bey (780, F.)
Kienan, Lt. (797, F.)
Nouri, Lt.
Ratzian
Refik, Capt.
Sismanoglou, J.

URUGUAY.

Aeroplanes in the country.

None.

AVIATOR:

Cameo, M. Garcia

U.S.A.

(Edited by E. L. JONES, Editor of "Aeronautics," U.S.A.)

General Note.—In the early nineties, Professor Langley and the Bros. Wright were experimenting with heavier-than-air machines, but general interest in the subject is quite recent. Though some small dirigibles exist, American attention is mainly devoted to aeroplanes. Ballooning was quite the thing in 1907-11, but has languished.

It is stated that there are certainly no less than two thousand people in the U. S. A. who have built flying machines. The greater percentage of these have been home-made copies of standard machines. Individual builders of copies and freaks have diminished greatly in numbers, and there remains a few well-established manufacturers.

Although inventors are still prolific in the Patent Office and clubs numerous, the general public takes very slight intelligent interest in aviation. The majority of clubs are inactive.

In the year 1912 commercial development seemed to have great possibilities. The copyists were being weeded out and competent aeronautical constructors financed by adequate means began operations on systematic business lines. The latter half of the year saw a great slump. In the spring of 1913 prospects looked greatly improved, and there was generally increased activity.

Aerial Journals:—

Aeronautics.—122, East 25th Street, New York. Monthly.

Aircraft.—37, East 28th Street, New York. Monthly.

Fly.—1701, Chestnut, Philadelphia, Pa. Monthly.

Aero.—Chicago, Ills. Weekly.

Flying Grounds:—

Belmont Park, N.Y.—Old race track. Not very good. Scene of 1910 meet. 30 sheds occupied by few experimenters.

Dayton.—Wright school private field.

Chicago, Ills.—Two fine fields.

Fort Myer, Va.—Government and private sheds.

Hammondsport, N.Y.—Curtiss factory. Field (small) and lake for water planes.

Los Angeles, Calif.—Several fields in vicinity. Used for Eaton school and private flyers.

Marblehead, Mass.—Poor field. Home of Burgess C. Fine for hydro-aeroplanes.

Mineola, N.Y.—Moisant, Sloane and another school, and individuals. About 1 by 10 miles level field, without obstructions.

Oakwood Heights, Staten I., N.Y.—The Aeronautical Soc. grounds, on bay for use of hydro-aeroplanes.

San Diego, Calif.—Winter quarters Curtiss camp; also used by army flyers.

San Francisco (near).—Good.

St. Louis, Mo.—Kinloch Park. Benoist school and private owners.

U. S. A. AERO CLUBS.

An attempt has been made here to give the name of every aero club that has been formed recently in the United States, or has been in existence for a long time. It is believed this list covers every club in the United States.

Many of these clubs are nothing but a name. They were formed to conduct meets or exhibitions, given by the various aeroplane concerns engaged in this business. Many clubs are not incorporated. Others have no organisation, being run by principals of boys' schools or classes.

Clubs even affiliated with the Aero Club of America have no members' meetings, nor have they in many cases even meeting rooms. There are but a half-dozen live aero clubs worthy the name in America. Three clubs own balloons, which are rented to members for ascensions. Little attempt is made by more than one or two associations to popularise aeronautics, to encourage experimenters, or to indulge in scientific work.

The Aero Club of America, the Aeronautical Society and Aero Club of Illinois, are the principal organisations. The Ae. C. represents the F.A.I., and has a beautiful club house. The Aeronautical Society has rooms in the United Engineering Building, conducts well-attended lectures twice a month, and has grounds on Straten Island (for hydro-aeroplanes and aeroplanes).

Clubs affiliated with the Ae. C. of America are marked *

CALIFORNIA.

New Orleans Aero Club, Wm. Allen, Sec., New Orleans

*Aero Club of California, Prof. H. La V. Twining, Pres., 1308 Calumet St. Los Angeles.

*Pacific Aero Club, Pacific Buildings, 331 Octavia Street, San Francisco

Postal Aero Club, 305 W. Santa Clara Street, San Jose

University of California Aero Club, T. W. Veitch, Sec., Berkeley

Oakland Aero Club, Oakland

*Aero Club of Colorado, 36 West Colfax Avenue, Denver, Col.

Aero Club of Blackstonehill, Oakland, Calif, c/o W. R. Davis, Jr., 474 Prospect Street

Curtiss Amateur Aviation Club, Harold Scott, Secretary, Los Angeles

Santa Clara Valley Aero Club, Chamber of Commerce, San Jose

Aero Club of San Diego, San Diego, Colonel C. C. Collier, Pres.

Aero Club of Pasedena, W. J. Hogan, Pres., 635 Chamber of Commerce, Box 1054

CONNECTICUT.

*Aero Club of Connecticut, Pres., A. Holland Forbes, at Fairfield

Yale University Aero Club, New Haven

Aero Club of Hartford, Hiram Percy Maxim, Pres., Hartford

CUBA.

*Aero Club de Cuba, Ignario 5, Havana

DELAWARE.

Aero Club of Delaware, Wilmington

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

Washington Aero Scientific Club, F. L. Rice, Sec., c/o Y.M.C.A., Washington

*Aero Club of Washington, Dr. Albert F. Zahm, Sec., Cosmos Club, Washington

FLORIDA.

Aeronautic Society of Florida, Davenport and Kerrison, Secs., 2014 Main Street, Jacksonville

ILLINOIS.

*Aero Club of Illinois, F. McCormick, Pres., 240 Michigan Avenue, Chicago

Aeroplane and Kite Club, E. E. Harbert, Pres., 2852 N. Clark Street, Chicago

University of Chicago Aero Club, Chicago

*Aircraft Club of Peoria, c/o Leslie Lord, 505 E. Armstrong Street, Peoria

Aeronautical Society of the University of Illinois, Urbana, R. Watts, Sec., 507 E. John Street, Champaigne

INDIANA.

Purdue Aero Club, Purdue University, Lafayette

South Bend Aero Club, South Bend.

*Aero Club of Indiana, Indianapolis

KANSAS.

Aero Club of Topeka, Topeka

*Western Aero Association, E. S. Cole, Sec., Topeka

Kansas State Aero Club, C. H. Lyons, Sec., Overland Park

KENTUCKY.

Continental Aero Club, Richmond

LOUISIANA.

Southern Aero Club, 809 Canal Street, New Orleans

New Orleans Aero Club, Wm. Allen, Sec., New Orleans

MARYLAND.

*Aero Club of Baltimore, Col. Jerome H. Joyce, Pres., Baltimore

MASSACHUSETTS.

Aero Club of North Adams, North Adams

*Aero Club of New England, A. R. Shrigley, Sec., 26 Trement St., Boston

Amherst Aero Club, Amherst

*Pittsfield Aero Club, L. J. Minahan, Pres., Pittsfield

Springfield Aero Club, c/o Charles T. Shean, Pres., 3 John Street, Springfield

Tufts College Aero Club, Tufts College

*Harvard Aeronautical Society, Prof. A. Lawrence Rotch, Pres., Blue Hill Observatory

Mass. Inst. of Technology Aero Club, John S. Selfridgem, Sec., Inst. of Technology, Boston

Dartmouth Aero Club, Richard F. Paul, Sec., Dartmouth

First Assn. of Licensed Pilots, Chas. J. Glidden, Pres., Hotel Somerset, Boston

Williams Aeronautical Society, Williams College, Robert O. Starret, Sec., Williamstown

MICHIGAN.

*Aero Club of Michigan, C. B. du Charme, Sec., Detroit

University of Michigan Aero Club, Ann Arbor

MINNESOTA.

Minneapolis Junior Aero Club, Stillman Chase, Sec., 3047 5th Avenue, S., Minneapolis

St. Louis Experimental Ass'n., 5346 Zealand Street, St. Louis

*Kansas City Aero Club, George M. Myers, Pres., Convention Hall, Kansas City

MISSOURI.

*Aero Club of St. Louis, 1429 Pine Street, St. Louis

MONTANA.

Aero Club of St. Charles College, Helena

NEBRASKA.

Aero Club of Nebraska, Col. Wm. H. Glassford, Pres., Fort Omaha

Junior Aero Club or the Y.M.C.A., c/o Y.M.C.A., Omaha

Lincoln Aero Club, Lincoln, c/o G. R. Brownfield, 1234 "O" Street

Aviation Club of Nebraska, Arthur Frenzer, Sec., 2778 California Street, Omaha

NEW JERSEY.

Princeton University Aero Club, Princeton

Aeronautic Society of New Jersey, c/o N.J. Automobile & Motor Club, Broad Street, Newark

Aero Club of New Jersey, c/o James K. Duffy, Sec., 315 Madison Avenue, New York

New Jersey Aeronautical League, W. A. Kraus, Sec., Guttenberg

Aero and Motor Club, Asbury Park

Atlantic City Aero Club, Col. Walter E. Edge, Sec., Atlantic City

Model School Aero Club, Trenton, R. G. Teavitt, Sec.

Trenton Aero Club, James Fenton, Sec., Trenton

NEW YORK.

*Aero Club of America, 297 Madison Avenue, Chas. Walsh, Sec.

The Aeronautical Society, 250 W. 54th Street, Arnold Kruckman, Gen. Sec.

Aeronautic Alumni Ass'n., c/o West Side Y.M.C.A., West 57th Street

New York Model Aero Club, Adrien Lacroix, Sec., 141 Lexington Avenue

National Model Aero Club, c/o A. Leo Stevens, 282 9th Avenue

Stuyvesant Aeronautic Society, 345 East 15th Street, Percey W. Pierce, Sec.

Columbia Aero Club, Columbia University, 116th Street

Dewitt Clinton High School Aero Club, 58th Street and 10th Avenue

*Aero Club of Buffalo, Lafayette Hotel, Buffalo, N.Y.

Thousand Islands Aero Club, c/o Dr. J. M. Gibbons, 168 Montague Street, Ithaca

Aeronautic Section, Technology Club, Syracuse

Boys' High School Aero Club, Henry St. Pieless, Sec., 815 Avenue, J., Brooklyn

*Rochester Aero Club, c/o L. J. Seely, 10 Culver Road, Rochester

Aero Club of the Y.M.C.A., Harold C. Carpenter, Pres., White Plains

Aero Club, Haliano, U.S.A., 135, West 12th Street, N.Y. Seventy-two members. C. Chiantelli, Sec.

Junior Aero Club, c/o A. E. Horn, Public School, 77 Park Avenue and 84th Street

Aero Club of Long Island, c/o Hohn H. Lisle, Alen Cove

Commerce Aero Club, 65 West 117th Street

*Aero Club of New York, Garden City.

Mechanics Aeronautical Ass'n., c/o H. H. Simms, 304 Cutler Building, Rochester

Aeronautical Research Club of the Y.M.C.A., H. C. Myers, Sec., Buffalo

Aero Club Italiano, Saverio A. Mascia, 403 Park Avenue

Aeronautical Society of Women, Miss Dorothy E. Ball, Sec., 250 West 54th Street

OHIO.

*Aero Club of Ohio, Canton

*Aero Club of Dayton, Dayton

International Aeroplane Club, Dayton

Cleveland Aero Club, C. J. Forbes, Sec., Hollanden Hotel, Cleveland

*Aero Club of Cincinnati, c/o P. L. Mitchell, Traction Buildings, Cincinnati

OREGON.

Portland Aero Club, E. Henry Wemme, Pres., Portland

PENNSYLVANIA.

Aviation Section, Professional Chauffeurs Ass'n. of America, 1933 Spring Gardens, Phil.

*Aero Club of Pennsylvania, Rev. Geo. S. Gassner, Sec., Betz Buildings, Phil.

Ben Franklin Aeronautical Ass'n., c/o Dr. T. Chalmers Fulton, 6th and Diamond Street, Phil.

Philadelphia Aeronautical Recreation Society, Dr. Thos. E. Eldridge, Pres., 1639 N. Broad Street, Phil.

Haverford College Aero Club, Haverford, Pa.

Swartmore College Aero Club, Swartmore, Pa.

Univ. of Penn. Aero Club, Univ. of Penn., Phil., Pa.

Aero Club of Carnegie, Tech. Schools, Pittsburg, Pa.

Intercollegiate Aeronautical Ass'n., Geo. A. Richardson, Pres., Univ. of Penn., Phil.

Pittsburg Aero Club, H. P. Haas, Sec., Magel Buildings, Pittsburg, Pa.

RHODE ISLAND.

Pawtucket Aero Club, Pawtucket

Rhode Island Aeronautical Society, Providence, John J. Long, Sec., c/o Brown University

TENNESSE.

Nashville Aero Club, Nashville, E. Fisher Coles, Sec.

TEXAS.

Dallas Aero Club, c/o Chamber of Commerce

San Antonio Aero Club, c/o Dr. Fred J. Fielding, 423 Hick's Buildings, San Antonio

South Western Aero Club, P.O. Box 821, Fort Worth

Texas Junior Aeronautical Ass'n., Hugh Dumas, Pres., Fort Worth

UTAH.

Aero Club of Utah, c/o L. R. Culver, 11 Eagle Block, Salt Lake City

Salt Lake City Aero Club, c/o Mr. Campbell, Walker Bank Buildings, Salt Lake City

VERMONT.

Aero Club of Vermont, Chas. T. Fairfield, Pres., c/o Rutland News, Rutland

VIRGINIA.

University of Virginia Aero Club, Stanford Swin, Sec., University of Virginia

Virginia-Tennesse Aero Club, Bristol, Va-Tenn, C. W. Morey, Sec.

WASHINGTON.

Aero Club of Washington, 415 Union Trust Buildings, Washington, D.C.

Aero Club of Seattle, c/o M. Robert Guggenheim, 511 Lonan Buildings, Seattle

Walla Walla Aero Club, Walla Walla

WISCONSIN.

*Milwaukee Aero Club, Milwaukee, c/o Major Henry B. Hersey, Chief of the Weather Bureau, Milwaukee

Milwaukee Aeronautic Society, Pres., Sherman Brown, Manager of Davidson Theatre, Milwaukee

U.S.A. MILITARY AVIATION.

U. S. ARMY AEROPLANE SPECIFICATIONS. (1912).

SPEED SCOUT MILITARY AEROPLANE.

(1) Carry one person with the seat located to permit of the largest possible field of observation. (2) Ascend at the rate of 1500 feet in three minutes, while carrying fuel for one hour's flight. (3) Carry fuel for a three hours' flight. (4) Must be easily transportable by road, rail, etc., and easily and rapidly assembled and adjusted. (5) The starting and landing devices must be part of the machine itself, and it must be able to start without outside assistance. (6) The engine must be capable of throttling. (7) The engine will be subject to endurance test in the air of two hours' continuous flight. (8) Speed in the air of at least 65 miles an hour. (9) Capable of landing on and arising from ploughed fields. (10) The supporting surfaces must be of sufficient size to insure safe gliding in case the engine stops. (11) The efficiency and reliability of the system of control must have been demonstrated before the purchase order is placed. The aeroplane must be capable of executing a figure eight within a rectangle 500 yards by 250 yards, and without decreasing its altitude more than 100 feet at the completion of the figure eight. This test to be made by aviator alone without carrying extra weight. (12) The extreme width of the aeroplane supporting surfaces must not exceed 40 feet.

SCOUT MILITARY AEROPLANE.

(1) The aeroplane must carry two persons with seats located to permit of the largest possible field of observation for both. (2) The control must be capable of use by either operator from either seat. (3) The machine must be able to ascend at least 2000 feet in ten minutes while carrying a weight of 600 lbs. including the aviator and passenger, 150 lbs. of gasoline, and extra weight to make 600 lbs. All of the extra weight must be carried on the engine section and not distributed over the wings. (4) The fuel and oil capacity must be sufficient for at least four hours continuous flight. This will be determined by a trial flight of at least one half-hour, measuring the consumption of gasoline while carrying the passenger and weight stated in paragraph 3. (5) Same as No. 4 above. (6) Same as No. 5 above. (7) The engine must be of American manufacture and capable of throttling to run at reduced speed. (8) Same as No. 7 above. This test will be made with aviator and passenger, extra weight and fuel enumerated in paragraphs 3 and 4. (9) The aeroplane must develop a speed in the air of at least forty miles an hour. This test will be made with aviator and passenger, extra weight and fuel enumerated in paragraphs 3 and 4. The maximum speed must not exceed sixty-five miles per hour. (10) Same as No. 9 above. This test will be made with aviator, passenger, extra weight and fuel enumerated in paragraphs 3 and 4. (11) Same as No. 10 above. (12) Same as No. 11 above. (13) Same as No. 12 above.

In 1913 additional requirements specified enclosed body, bullet-proof armour, .75 chrome steel, for engine and aviator, provision of necessary instruments and wireless, with, as desirable features, silencer and cut-out, self-starter and an efficient stabilising device.

At end of March, 1913, the effective Army aeroplanes consisted of three 50 h.p. Wrights, one Wright-Burgess, several old machines.

The Navy had two Wright-Burgess hydros and a few nondescripts. A Burgess flying boat since added.

The estimate for Army effectives at end of the present year (1913) is 21 (5 Burgess, 6 Curtiss, 10 Wright).

AVIATORS.

(The numbers after any name is the number of the U. S. Aero Club certificate.)

Army.

Arnold, Lieut. H. H. (29)
Beck, P. Capt. (39)
Brereton, Lt. L. H. (211)
Burge, Corp. V. S. (154)
Chandler, C. de F. Capt. (59)
Foulois, Lieut. (140)
Geiger, Lieut. H. (166)
Goodier, Lt. L. E. (200)
Graham, Lieut. H. (152)
Hennessy, Capt. F. B. (153)
Humphreys, Lieut.

Kirtland, Lieut. R.C. (45)
Lahm, Lieut. F. P. (2)
Love, Lieut. M. L. (155)
McClaskey, Lieut. J. W. (90)
McKay, Capt. G. W. (67)
McLeary, Lieut. S. H. (210)
McManus, Lieut.
Milling, Lieut. (30)
Rodgers, J. Lieut. (48)
Sherman, Lieut. W. C. (151)
Winder, Lieut.-Col. C.B. (130)

Navy.

Herbster, Ens. (103)
Ellyson, Lieut. T. G. (28)
Rodgers, John, Lieut.
Towers, Lieut. J. H. (62)

U.S.A. PRIVATE AVIATORS (to end of 1911).

(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C. America pilot certificate number. Only a few American aviators have bothered to obtain the Ae. Certificate. America produces a large number of aviators who fly for pleasure or exhibitions only and have not gone into competitions under International Rules. These consequently do not bother about certificates; but most of those recorded could easily obtain them, if they cared to try.)

Adams, Clarence
Adams, A. S. (215)
Alvarez, F.
Ambrose, Charles
Andrews, Thornwell
Apto, H. J.
Arndt, Edw. F.
Atwater, Mrs. L. J.
Atwater, W. B. (98)
Atwood, H. N. (33)
Baker, G. H.
Baldwin, Ivy
Baldwin, Capt. T. S. (7)
Barnett, A. E.
Barton, Sam
Bates, M. F. (66)
Beachey, Hillery (89)
Beachey, Lincoln (27)
Beatty, G. W. (41)
Beckly, Wm. A.
Beers, W. C. (40)
Benoist, T. W.
Bergdoll, Louis, J.
Betton, Kaid
Bishop, Cortland
Bleakley, W. H.
Boandette, A. B.
Bonner, G. T.
Bonette, C. C.
Bonney, L. W. (47)
Brackett, A. J.
Brewer, Roy
Brindley, O. A. (46)
Brinker, H. S.
Brodie, O. W. (135)
Brookins, W. R. (19)
Brown, H. H. (58)
Bumbaugh, Capt. G. L.
Burgess, W. Starling (136)
Burligh, Chas.
Bush, J. F.
Butler, P. J.
Callon, J. L. (102)
Champion, Frank (86)
Christmas, Wm.
Cannon, Jack
Cline, W. F.
Coffyn, F. C. (26)
Cole, R.
Coleman, R. F.
Cook, W. B. (95)
Cooke, Henry C.
Cooke, F. G. (26)
Cooper, John D. (60)
Costello, A. B.
Coutourier, C. (79)
Crewelson, W. H.
Cross, Redmond W. (35)
Crosby, R. W.
Cummings, J. A.
Curtiss, Glenn H. (1) & (Ae. C. F. 1)
Curzon, J. W.
DeGiers, C.
De Hart, D. C.
De Kor, F. (72)
Dennis, D. L.
Dixon, S. D.
Dougherty, E. S. (87)
Doyle, H.
Drew, A. (50)
Drexel, J. A. (8)
Durgan, W. E.
Dyott, G. M.
Eaton, Warren
Ecot, Robert G.
Eells, Fred.
Elton, Albert (75)
Engel, A. J.
Erickson, Louis, G.
Eshoo, D.
Evans, W.
Ey, G.
Fish, Farnam (85)
Fortney, Lewis
Fowler, R. G.
Freeman, A. (84)
Fuchs, Joseph
Funk, T. B.
Gallaudet, E. F. (32)
Games, A. B.
Gantz, Saxe P.
Gardener, Hubbard G.
Garner, R. W.
Gaskell, Bud
Gratz, H. F.
Gray, George
Green, William, Dr.
Gregory, Donald

Greider, C.
Greider, J.
Gressier, Romaine
Guey, Fung Joe
Hadley, C. O.
Hall,
Hamilton, C. K. (12)
Hamilton, J. W.
Hamilton, Thos. W.
Hammond, Lee (34)
Harper
Harkness, H. S. (16)
Harmon, C. B. (6)
Hartman, A.
Haupt, Willie
Havens, Beckwith (127)
Hendrian, A.
Henning, J. C.
Henningsen, Fred
Heth, Eugene
Henry, R. St.
Hilliard, W. M. (Brit. Ae. C. 102)
Hills, H. V.
Hofer, W.
Hoff, Wm. H. (91)
Hoflake, Charles
Holden, J. J.
Holt, L. E. (63)
Hoover, Fred. (100)
Hoover, H. H.
Huddleston, E. D.
James, Stanley
Janicke, W.
Jannus, Anthony (80)
Jennings, J. C.
Jerwan, S. S. (54)
Johnson, Frank H.
Johnson, Walter E. (164)
Jumel, August
Kantner, H. (65)
Kellrey, H.
Kemmerle, Horace
Kennedy, F. M. (97)
Kiley, J. E.
Kimball, Wilbur R.
Klein, H. H.
Klockles, J. G.
Korn, Edward
Krasting, Theodore
La Chapelle, Duval
Lambert, A. B. (61)
Lambreath, C. E.
Lapadat, N.
Laser, G. F.
Le Van, Howard
Lewis, S. C. (92)
Lewkowicz, Ladis
Lidstone, Ed. S.
Lillie, M. T. (73)
Lockwood, Chas.
Longfellow, H. W.
Loose, Geo. H.
Lougheed, A.
Longo, T.
Ludwig, Vandy
Maier
Manners, George
Mars, J. C. (11)
Martin, J. B.
Martin, G. L. (56)
Martin, J. V.
Massar, A. M.
Masson
Matalach, S. H.
Mattingley, O. A.
Maynard, Arthur
Mayo, Albert (99)
McCally, J. B. (94)
McCarty, James
McClellam
McCollum, W. C.
McCurdy, J. A. D. (18)
McGoey, Thomas
McNamara, Geo. E.
McManus, L.
McMahon, A. J.
Medrick, F. H.
Meyerhoffer, Orvar
Miller, Clinton R.
Moisant, Miss M. E. (44)
Morok, Chas. B.
Mourfield, Carl
Murias, De E. F. (38)
Murphy, T.
Murphy, Wm.
Neidmiller, Ed.
Nelson, N. B.
Nelson, Nels. T.

Ovington, E. L.
Page, P. W. (68)
Paine, N. B.
Paridon, Michael
Park, Henry
Paulding, Dwight
Paulhan, L. (3)
Pfiel, P.
Post, Augustus
Powers, H. W.
Prince, Norman (55)
Prentice,
Prospect, Louis
Prowse, C. O.
Raiche, Mrs. F.
Ragot, Louis
Reichert, H. D. W. (82)
Remington, Earle
Reynolds, Dr. Percy, L.
Richter, J. (81)
Riggs, E.
Roat, Arthur R.
Robinson, H. (42)
Roehrig, B. F.
Rowe, F. E.
Russell, Geo.
Sackett, Harry
Sands, H. Hayden (Ae. C. F. 70)
Schafer, G. E.
Schmidt, G. S.
Schneider, Fred, P.
Schulz, G. C.
Schwartz, A.
Schwister, John
Scott, Miss B.
Seeman, J. R.
Seignor, H. A.
Seligman, J. (64)
Seymour, Joseph
Sellers, M. B.
Shelton, T.
Sherwood, Oliver, B.
Shneider, Fred.
Shoemaker, Chas. W. (93)
Sill, F.
Simmonds, O. G. (145)
Skinner, S. R.
Slaik, E.
Slavin, J. J.
Smith, A.
Smith, Kyle
Smith, R. M.
Sommerville, W. E.
Soreusen, Prof.
Sparling, J. N.
Steitz, F. M. (88)
Stewart, J. G.
Stone, A. (Ae. C. F. 15)
Summer, Gill.
Suppe,
Talmage, M. P.
Takisow,
Tarbox, J.
Thomas, W. T.
Thomas, O. W.
Thompson, George
Tickell, Sam
Timothy, S. R.
Troxey
Turpin, J. C. (22)
Tuttle, T. T.
Vanderbilt, W. K.
Vaughan, Stanley
Vogt, Jesse S.
Walden, Dr. H. W. (74)
Walker, Clarence
Ward, J. J. (52)
Warner, A. P.
Webster, C. L. (69)
Weeks, F. W.
Wells, G.
Wetzig, H. H.
Weymann, Charles (14)
Wilcox
Wildman, Dock
Willard, C. F. (10)
Williams, Beryl (71)
Williams, B. J.
Willoughby, Capt. Hugh L.
Wilson, Edward
Wiseman, Fred. E.
Witmer, C. C. (53)
Worden, John H. (76)
Wright, Orville (4) (Ae. C. F. 14)
Wright, Wilbur (5) (Ae. C. F. 15)
Young, C. M.
Yan, J.

The following American aviators have been killed:—

1908.
Selfridge, Lt. (Army)

1910.
Johnstone, R. (20)
Moisant, J. B. (13)

1911.
Badger, Wm. R. (36)
Castellane, Tony
Clark, C. B., Dr.
Dixon, Cromwell (43)
Ely, Eugene
Frisbie, J. J. (24)
Hoxsey, Arch. (21)
Johnston, St. Croix
Kelly, Lieut. (Army)
Kreamer, Dan. A.
Miller, F. H.
Oxley
Penot, Marcel
Purvis, Wm. G.
Rosenbaum, Louis
Schriver, Tod (9)

U.S.A. PRIVATE AVIATORS. (Brevets, 1912.)

Aldasoro, J. P. (217)
Aldasaro, E. A. (218)
Andrews, W. D. (124)
Arnold, G. (198)
Barlow, F. E. (139)
Beckwith, S. F. (137)
Beech, A. C. (168)
Belcher, O. T. (158)
Bell, Dr. F. J. (196)
Bell, G. E. (201)
Bergdoll, G. C. (169)
Berlin, C. A. (109)
Bleakley, W. H. (206)
Bouldin, W. (157)
Boysdorfer, C. (193)
Brown, R. M. (185)
Bryant, G. M. (208)
Burnside, F. H. (212)
Carlstrom, O. G. (145)
Colovon, P. (160)
Crossley, S. J. (187)
Dalwigk, G. B. (190)
De Hart, D. C. (129)
Eaton, W. S. (128)
Edelman, D. (191)
Elliott, R. (178)
Figyelmessy, H. (203)
Fritts, E. V. (213)
Gilpatric, J. G. (171)
Gray, G. A. (142)
Gray, J. F. (150)
Gunn, T. (131)
Hattemer, H. L. (147)
Hemstraught, W. H. (146)
Hetlick, W. A., jr. (197)
Hild, F. C. (216)
Hunt, E. N. (163)
Holmes, H. (204)
Johnson, R. R. (205)
Kabitzke, W. (126)
Kammski, J. G. (121)
Kemper, F. W. (119)
Klockler, J. G. (125)
Korn, E. (171)

Lamkey, W. A. (183)
Law, R. B. (188)
Maroney, T. T. (106)
Masson, D. (202)
McMillen, R. E. (111)
Meyer, C. (176)
Miller, B. A. (173)
Niles, C. F. (181)
Park, H. (113)
Peoli, C. (141)
Piceller, W. (116)
Prodgers, C. B. (159)
Reid, M. E. (114)
Reid, P. H. (179)
Remer, L. H., de (115)
Richardson, R. H. C. (174)
Robinson, R. W. C. (162)
Ruiz, H. (182)
Russell, R. B. (132)
Salinas, A. (170)
Salinas, G. (172)
Schaeffer, J. S. (177)
Scholovinck, E. (195)
Schuman, F. J. (143)
Singh, M. M. (123)
Sjolander, C. T. (138)
Smith, J. F. (207)
Spaulding, J. D. (107)
Stark, W. M. (110)
Stinson, K. (148)
Sverkerson, J. S. (180)
Tait, G. M. (184)
Takeiski, K. (122)
Terrill, F. J. (108)
Thomson, C. (112)
Thompson, De L. (134)
Twombly, W. I. (149)
Vought, C. M. (156)
Waite, H. R. (186)
Weeks, E. O. (214)
Weiner, T. (167)
Wiggins, C. L. (175)
Wood, C. M. (209)

U.S. Aviators killed:
Continued.

In 1912.

Blair, R.
Chambers, W. B.
Clarke, J. (133)
Gill, H. W. (31)
Hazelhurst, Lieut.
Kearney, H. F. (83)
Kondo, M. (120)
Lawrence, C.
Longstaffe, J. L.
Mitchell, L. (51)
Page, R. (96)
Parmelee (25)
Peck, P. (57)
Quimby, Miss H. (37)
Rodgers, C. P. (49)
Rockwell, Lt. L. C. (165)
Scott, Corp. F.
Southard, F. J.
Stevenson, J.
Turner, H.
Underwood, G.
Walsh, C. F.
Welsh, A. L. (23)

In 1913.

Boland, F. E.
Chandler, Lieut. R.
Park, Lieut. T. D. (223)

U.S.A. AEROPLANES.

A

AERIAL EXHIBITION Co. (Biplane),

1777, Broadway, New York. Built a Curtiss type with Kirkham motor, 1911. 2 skids, with wheel between, and usual Farman rubber shock absorbers.

AERIAL YACHT CO.,

San Francisco. Inc. 1913. Capital, $25,000.

AERONAUTICAL SUPPLY CO.

See Cordeaux-Etter.

AMERICAN AEROPLANE SUPPLY HOUSE (Monoplane),

266, Main Street, Hempstead, N.Y. Builders of monoplanes after the Bleriot type. Half-a-dozen machines were built and sold during 1911. Fitted with Gnomes or American engines.

B

BALDWIN Biplanes.

Captain Thos. S. Baldwin, PO Box, 78, Madison Square, N.Y. About half-a-dozen steel biplanes have been produced in 1911 by Captain Baldwin, and he and other aviators, Badger, Hammond, Miss Scott Mass, etc., have flown these at various exhibitions and meets, and are classed with well-known successful American biplanes.

Photo, Edwin Levick, N.Y.

Details of Baldwin ("Red Devil").

Length.—28¼ feet (8.60 m.) Span.—28¾ feet (8.75 m.) Motor.—50-60 h.p. Hall-Scott Propeller.—One Requa-Gibson in rear of main planes. Diameter, 7 feet (2.13 m.) Pitch, 6 feet (1.82 m.) Speed.—60 m.p.h. (97 k.p.h.)

BALDWIN. RED DEVIL. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

BENOIST.

Benoist Aircraft Co., 6628, Delmar Boulevard, St. Louis, Mo. (formerly Aeronautic Supply Co.)

Model and date. | 1912-13. "Headless." | 1913. Flying boat. Tandem biplane.
Length | feet (m.) | 22-1/2 (6.85) | 27
Span | feet (m.) | 30 (9.15) | 42-1/6 (12.80)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | ... | ...
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | ... | 1004 (455)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | ... | 75 Roberts
Speed | max. m.p.h. (km.) | 68 (110) | ...
| min. m.p.h. (km.) | 31 (50) | ...
Endurance | hrs. | 3 |

Notes.—The boat of the flying boat is 23-5/6 feet long, by 2 feet 2½ inches wide. Shipable wheels. See Aeronautics, January, 1913.

BENOIST. Flying boat. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

BOLAND.

Boland Aeroplane & Motor Co., 1821, Broadway, New York. Works: Ft. Center St. Newark, N.J.

Model and date. | 1913. "Tailless."
Length | feet (m.) | 21-1/6 (6.45)
Span | feet (m.) | 35-1/2 (10.80)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | ...
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 900 (408)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ...
Motor | h.p. | 60 Boland
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 60 (95)
Number built during 1912 | 1

A refinement of the original machine of the late F. E. Boland, which first flew in 1911. Control by two special jibs which work inward. Designed to be used also as a hydro, with three step floats. No rudder or ailerons. Full details, etc., see Aeronautics, U.S.A., May, 1913, and Aircraft, U.S.A., May, 1913.

BURGESS. Burgess Co. & Curtis, Marblehead, Mass. Built Wright types under license, also machines of their own.

Model and date. | Military tractor. 1912-13. | Coast defence hydro. 1913. | Naval flying boat. 1913.
Length | feet (m.) | 37-3/4 (8.50) | 33-1/3 (9.55) | 31 (9.45)
Span | feet (m.) | 34-1/2 (10.50) | 37-3/4 (12) | 43 (13.10)
|  |  |  | 36 (10.97)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | ... | ... | 397 (37)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | ...
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | 775 (352) | ...
Motor | h.p. | 70 Renault | 60 Sturtevant muffled | 70 Renault
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 45 (70) | 59 (95) | ...
Endurance | hrs. | 4-1/2 | 4-1/2 | ...
Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ...
Remarks.-- | Lumina fabric. Single screw. Details, Aeronautics, (U.S.A.), May-June, 1912. | Special clear view for observation. 2--1 step mahogany and copper floats. Useful weight includes floats. Details, Aeronautics, (U.S.A.), Feb., 1913. | Boat 29-1/2 feet long. 2--2 step floats. Petrol, 48 gallons. Details, Aeronautics, (U.S.A.), May, 1913.

Burgess-Wright.

Burgess-Wright as a hydro (the U.S. Navy has two of these).

Military tractor. By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

"Coast defense" hydro. From "Aeronautics."

Burgess-Curtis. 1913 Naval flying boat.

C

CHRISTMAS.

Durham Christmas Aeroplane Sales & Exhibition Corporation, Inc. 1913. Capital: $10,000 to $50,000. Claims for it are that it is "automatically balanced." This is attained by the shape of the machine, not through the agency of any auxiliary apparatus.

CORDEAUX-ETTER.

Cordeaux-Etter Mfg. Corporation, Brooklyn, N.Y. Capital: $10,000. Took over, 1913, the Aeronautical Supply Co., of N.Y.

COOKE.

Weldon B. Cooke Aeroplane Co., Sandusky, Ohio. Founded 1913 by the well-known aviator, W. B. Cooke.

Model and date. | 1913.
Length | feet (m.) | 25 (7.60)
Span | feet (m.) | 24 (7.30)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 240 (22)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 750 (340)
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ...
Motor | h.p.{ | 75 Roberts 2 cycle upside down
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | ...
Number built during 1912 | new firm

Details, Aeronautics, U.S.A., February, 1913.

COOKE. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

CURTISS.

Curtiss Aeroplane Co., Hammondsport, N.Y. Glenn H. Curtiss in 1907 and 1908 was a member of the Aerial Experiment Association, formed by Dr. and Mrs. Alexander Graham Bell. This Association built four machines, each along the lines of one of the four engineers belong to the Association, F. W. Baldwin, Lieut. T. E. Selfridge, G. H. Curtiss and J. A. D. McCurdy. The last built was the June Bug, designed by Curtiss and was the most successful. In the spring of 1908, the Association was disbanded and The Aeronautical Society gave Curtiss an order for an aeroplane with carte blanche as to design. He produced a 4 cyl. machine, Curtiss engine, and flew it. A duplicate was hurriedly built, 8 cyl. engine installed, and taken to Europe for the first Gordon Bennett, which he won. Returning, the same type was continued with minor improvements. Later the front elevator was brought closer in, finally discarded, and the fan tail adopted and this remains the standard land machine to-day. In April, a military tractor was built and flown.

On January 26th, 1911, first successful flights were made with a hydroaeroplane, at the Winter camp at San Diego, Calif. This had two floats tandem. One was finally adopted and great success was achieved, and remains standard at the present time. With this machine various experiments were made. It was altered in a tractor for one occasion, it was lifted on board warships; made into triplane, etc.

In 1912 he brought out his present type of flying boat. This is being rapidly developed and minor changes in details are made in practically every machine put out.

In May, 1913, he produced a special 4-passenger flying boat for a customer on special order.

Note.—In addition to those tabulated, special small racing machines have been built, as well as similar machines with extra sections simply added either side for Army use.

Model and date. | Type D. 1913. | Type E. 1913. | Type F. 1913.
Length | feet (m.) | 26-2/3 (8.10) | 27-1/3 (8.33) | 27-1/3 (8.33)
Span | feet (m.) | 26-1/4 (8) | 31-1/4 (9.50) | 38-1/3 (11.70)
Overall | feet (m.) | 33-1/12 (10) | 36-1/4 (11) | 41-2/3 (12.70)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 214 (19-1/2) | 288 (26-1/4) | 421-1/2 (39)
Weight | total lbs. (kgs) | ... | 1700 (771) | ...
| useful lbs. (kgs) | ... | 500 (227) | ...
Motor | h.p. | Curtiss | 80 Curtiss | Curtiss
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | ... | 59 (95) | ...
Remarks.-- | Land service, but is also made fitted with floats. Panels. | Fitted either with wheels, pontons, or boat. Vilas boat. Boat 24 ft. long. Beam 54-1/2 ft. long. Height 41 ins. long. Cockpit 3 ft. long by 4 ft. 2 ins. wide. | Used to date only as military tractor or heavy flying boat. McCormick boat. Boat 25 ft. long 4 ft. wide. Freeboard 46 ins. Cockpit 84 ins. long by 46 ins. wide. Length of tail, incl. elevator 12 feet.

For full details of the tractor (F) see Aeronautics, U.S.A., February, 1913.

1913 Tractor. Type F.

1912 flying boat. By favor of "Aeronautics," U.S.A.

Curtiss. 1913 flying boat. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

G

GALLAUDET.

Gallaudet Eng. Co., Norwich Ct.

In 1912 produced a special racer as above. Span, 32 feet (9.75 m.) Area, 200 sq. feet (18½ m².) Speed, 100 m.p.h. (160 k.p.h.) Motor, 100 Gnome.

K

KIRKHAM Biplanes.

Chas. B. Kirkham, Motor Manufacturers, Savona, N.Y. Began to manufacture aeroplanes in 1912, after previous experiments and flights near his factory.

Length, feet (m.) span, 34 feet (10.40 m.) surface, sq. feet} (m².)

Weight.—Complete, without pilot, 980 lbs. (445 kgs.)

Motor.—50 h.p. Kirkham, located in front under bonnet. 70 h.p. also fitted.

Speed.—56-62 m.p.h. (90-100 k.p.h.)

Remarks.—Rises easily at under 35 m.p.h., and has a full speed radius of 5½ hours. Full details in Aeronautics, U.S.A., January, 1912. 1913, no changes.

L-S

LOENING.

Monoplane aero boat, with one very deep step. See Aeronautics, U.S.A., May-June, 1912.

SELLERS. Quadruplane.

Matthew B. Sellers, R.F., D2, Norwood, Ga. Has been successfully experimenting for a number of years with a staggered quadruplane, and has given the aviation world a number of valuable papers. His aim is to fly successfully with the least possible horse power. For several years he has been making flights with various engines delivering from 5 to 6 h.p. on careful test. The actual thrust has been measured and recorded in late 1911 experiments. Details in Aeronautics, June, 1909; October, 1909; November, 1910; January, 1911; January, 1912. No actual details of the machine are available, but it follows closely the patent drawings (see references). He is one of the few real scientific flying men in the U.S.A. The original machine with slight changes was still flying at end of 1912 with only 5 h.p. B.H.P. The flying speed is 20 m.p.h.

SLOANE.

Sloane Aeroplane Co., 1733, Broadway, New York. Established 1911. Agents for Caudrons and Deperdussins. Run a school for these.

T-V

THOMAS Biplanes.

Thomas Bros., Bath, N.Y., O.W., and W.T. Thomas began experimenting and flying in 1908 with a machine on the order of a Curtiss. In the winter of 1909-10, a type of their own was produced and was flown during 1911 by Walter Johnson in exhibitions. In 1912 they continued the same type, with refinements. In 1913 they adopted the overhanging top plane type, but of the same general high order of construction.

Model and date. | 1912. Tractor biplane. | 1913. Monoplane. | 1913. Standard biplane. | 1913. Special biplane. | 1913. Flying boat.
Length | ft.(m.) | ... | 30 (9.15) | ... | 25 (7.62) | ...
Span | ft.(m.) | 37 (11.27) | 32 (9.75) | 37 (11.27) | 33 (10) | 33 (10)
|  | 27 (8.23) | ... | 27 (8.23) | 23 (7) | 23 (7)
Area | sq. ft.(m².) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 900 (408) | 750 (340) | 900 (408) | 850 (385) | ...
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | ... | 400 (181) | ...
Motor | h.p. | 65 Kirkham | 70 Kirkham muffled | 65 Kirkham | 65 Kirkham | 100 Maximotor
Speed | m.p.h.(km) | 58 (94) | ... | 58 (94) | 60 (97) | ...
Endurance | hrs. | 2 | ... | 2 | 2-1/4 | ...
Number built during 1912 | 1 | building | ... | ... | building

Remarks. Control in all: Ailerons, 4 rudders. Elevator operated by rocking post on which wheel is mounted. The 1912 tractor was given up as less efficient than the Standard 1913. Special: full description Aeronautics, U.S.A., May, 1913.

The move was evolved 1912, but not built till well into 1913.

1913 Standard biplane. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

W

WASHINGTON.

Washington Aeroplane Co., Washington, D.C. In 1913 built a flying boat to private order. Length, 29 feet (8.83 m.) Maximum span, 38 feet (11.85 m.) Motor, 80 h.p. Gyro. Boat with eight compartments and one 3 inch step.

Miss Columbia. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Latest Thomas.

WITTEMAN.

Witteman Bros., 17, Ocean Terrace and Little Clare Road, Staton Island, N.Y. These people do a considerable business building Curtiss type machines or machines to special designs for others. They built the Baldwin biplanes for Captain Baldwin, to his design, using steel tubing throughout. See Aeronautics, December, 1911, for a Witteman of special design shown by them at the Aero Show.

Witteman. 1912-13.

WRIGHT BROS. Biplanes.

The Wright Co., Dayton, Ohio. The original type of Wright machine was mounted on skids only, and started along a rail. Its special features were a biplane elevator forward, main planes with warpable tips to trailing edge, small keel in gap, 2 propellers, chain driven in rear of planes, double rudder in rear and no tail. Wilbur Wright flew a machine of this type for 2 h. 20 m. 23½ s. in 1908. (Details of early Wrights see previous editions of this book.)

Model and date. | B. | C. | EX. | E.
Length | feet (m.) | 31 (9.45) | 29-3/4 (9) | ... | ...
Span | feet (m.) | 39 (11.90) | 38 (11.58) | 32 (9.75) | 32 (9.75)
Area | sq. feet (m².) | 500 (47) | 500 (47) | ... | ...
Weight | total lbs. (kgs.) | 1250 (567) | ... | ... | ...
| useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | ... | ... | ...
Motor | h.p. | 30-35 Wright | 30-35 Wright | 30 or 50 Wright | 30 or 50 Wright
Speed | m.p.h. (km.) | 45 (75) | 45 (75) | ... | ...
|  | 1913 standard. This machine as a hydro is fitted with two 3 step floats. Mea magneto. | For exhibition work only. Single seater small duplicate of B. | 1913 for exhibition work only. Single seater duplicate of EX except fitted with a single propeller only.

Wright. Model B. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

Wright. Model C. From "Aeronautics," U.S.A. Uniform Aeroplane Scale

U.S.A. DIRIGIBLES.

There are a few small dirigibles in the U.S.A., but they are in no way to be compared to French and German productions. Up-to-date, they have only been used as attractions at fairs about the country. In the past several larger ones of poor design have been built and found failures.

Military.

BALDWIN

(1908) 20,000 c. feet (560 m³)

Part B.

HISTORICAL AIRCRAFT.

In the following pages an attempt has been made to include photographs of all aeroplanes of the past six years, which, for one reason or another, "made history" in their own day.

While many are merely freak machines, which in the light of present knowledge seem ridiculous, the germ of modern practice is to be found in many other aircraft illustrated in this cemetery of dead ideals; and it is worth noting that at least one constructor, who is one of the first in the field to-day, commenced operations with machines which were entirely "freaks."

AUSTRIAN.

WELS & ETRICH (1908). Original form of the modern Etrich (q.v.).

HIPSSICH (1908). Tandem mono. with one propeller before and another in rear of rear plane.

NEMETHY (1908). The first "Aviette."

SOLTAU (1910). An ornithopter based on the earlier ideas of Adehmar de la Hault (see Belgium).

BELGIAN.

DE LA HAULT (1907). One of the earliest attempts at an ornithopter. No flights.

DE LA HAULT II. (1910-11). The ornithopter principle applied to a monoplane. No success met with.

D'HESPEL (1909-10). Single plane and suspended body. Early example of enclosed body. No flights.

BRAZIL.

SANTOS-DUMONT XIX. This little machine, surface only 9 m². made an extraordinary sensation in France in 1909. It flew at the then incredible speed of 65 m.p.h. (100 k.p.h.) Santos-Dumont presented all rights to the world soon afterwards, and a large number were built before it was realised that only an extremely light weight pilot could fly in one. Few of the copies ever left the ground.

BRITISH.

AVRO (1906). This 24 h.p. biplane, designed by A. V. Roe, was the first British machine to leave the ground.

AVRO (1907). Tractor triplane of only 9 h.p. This flew in Lea Marshes—the lowest horse power yet flown in Europe to the present day.

CODY (1909). Development of a much earlier machine. This one was a general laughing stock for a long time; but it was the direct predecessor of the machine (not very materially different) which was an easy first in the British Army aeroplane trials, 1912.

DE HAVILLAND (1909). The performances of this machine secured a Government appointment for its aviator-designer.

HOWARD WRIGHT (1908-09). The first machine in the world in which special attention was paid to securing a stream line body and minimised wind resistance.

HUMPHREY (1908-09). Earliest British attempt at a hydro-aeroplane; possibly the earliest design ever produced anywhere.

HUNTINGDON (DUNNE II) (1910). One of the earliest aeroplanes in existence—designed by Captain Dunne about 1905-06, previous to the secret experiments of the British War Office in Scotland, on the Duke of Atholl's estate. Assigned to Prof. Huntingdon in 1910. Made a few short flights.

PORTE (1908). Designed by Lieut. Porte, R.N., in conjunction with Lieut. Pirrie, R.N. This machine, on which the former well known aviator commenced his flying career, was smashed up in preliminary trials as a glider on Portsdown Hill, Portsmouth. Its design apparently preceded the Goupy in the use of staggered planes.

"SAFETY" (1909-10).

SEDDON. (1910). Designed by Lieut. Seddon, R.N.

SHORT (1910). The first machine to Short's own design. (The tail here shown is a specially large one fitted by Moore-Brabazon).

VALKYRIE (1910). This was one of the first "tail first" machines to be designed. The experimental machine (also known as the A.S.L.), was completed in Feb., 1910.

DANISH.

ELLEHAMMER (1905). On 12th September, 1906, this machine made the first free flight in Europe. On 28th June, 1908, it won the prize at Kiel for the first flight in Germany (distance, 47 m.) It was a tractor biplane with a revolving Ellehammer motor. It also had a pendulum seat as a stabilising device.

FRENCH.

ANTOINETTE IV (1909). In this machine Latham made the first attempt to fly the Channel, 19th July, 1909.

BLERIOT IV (1907-8).

In 1909 the famous Bleriot XI was built. This did very well at Reims, 1909. On 25th July, 1909, Bleriot made the first Cross-Channel flight in the machine illustrated below.

Bleriot XI.

This machine had length, 23 feet (7 m.) Span, 25¾ feet (7.80 m.) Area, 167 sq. feet (15½ m².) Aspect ratio 4½ to 1. Motor, 22-25, 3 cylinder Anzani. Speed, about 45 m.p.h. (73 k.m.) Special features: Fixed wings with rounded edges. Twin elevator and fixed surface tail.

BOUSSON-BORGNIS (1907-08).

BREGUET (1906). The first Breguet, known as Breguet Gyroplane I. Made a flight in October, 1906, being the first helicopter to leave the ground.

BREGUET-RICHET II bis. (1909). A large and unsuccessful development of the gyroplane.

BREGUET IV (1910). On its appearance, this machine was generally laughed at and nicknamed the "Coffee Pot," till in Aug., 1910, it made a world's record by carrying six, and later proved itself superior in stability to anything then existing.

CHAUVIÉRE (1909-10). Attempt to develop a monoplane with propellers in rear. The idea has been resuscitated for some 1913 military monoplanes.

COLLOMB (1907-09). Ornithopter, from which great things were once expected.

CORNU (1908). An early helicopter for which flights were claimed, but have also been denied.

D'EQUIVELLY (1907-08). Interesting example of the strange machines devised by pioneers.

H. FARMAN (1907). This famous machine is the first Voisin, and the one on which H. Farman taught himself to fly. It was the first machine to make a turn in the air. Won the Deutsh-Archdeacon Grand Prix, 13th January, 1908, with a flight of 1 minute, 28 seconds. The extra third plane was added later. An Austrian Syndicate subsequently bought the machine.

H. FARMAN (1908). Farman's first idea of a monoplane. It proved too heavy to fly with the power provided. Was eventually sold to a German officer. Three sets of wings and entirely enclosed body.

GABARDINI (1909-10). Very early hydro-aeroplane, antedating the Fabre.

GIVAUDIN (1908-09). Built by the Vermorel Co. The first conception of an idea which has since attracted a certain class of inventor in Germany, Italy and the U.S.A.

MILITARY (1909). The first special military aeroplane ever built. It was specially designed by Capt. Dorand, for what were then held to be the aerial necessities of the French Army. The planes were placed well above the body, giving the pilot a very clear uninterrupted view.

PISCHOFF-KOECHLIN (1906 or earlier). Dates from the days when a box-kite was the elementary idea in design, and the accepted position of the aviator lying prone.

PISCHOFF-KOECHLIN (1908). Very early example of a tractor biplane. The extra span of the upper plane is also of interest. The machine had twin mono-elevators aft and also twin rudders.

R.E.P. (1908). Early example of enclosed stream line body. Apparently the first machine in which steel construction appeared.

VOISIN (1908). The first European aeroplanes to fly with any real success.

VUITTON-HUBER (1908). Early helicopter.

VUIA (1908). Earliest known machine with folding wings.

WITZIG-LIORE-DUTILLUEL (1908-09). First or one of the first appearances of the idea of a series of staggered planes, with which Sellers has ever since experimented in the U.S.A.

GERMAN.

BEILHARZ. (1909). First design in which a completely closed in body figured.

GEISLER (1908).

GRADE (1908). The first German built machine to fly.

LORENZEN (1908-09).

PARSEVAL (1909). Early hydro-aeroplane. Specially designed for military purposes by Major Parseval.

SCHOLTZ (1908). Never left the ground.

ITALIAN.

MILLER (1908-09). First aeroplane to be designed and constructed by Italians.

SWISS.

DUFAUX (1908-09). First Swiss machine.

U.S.A.

BOKOR (1909). The third American machine to leave the ground; the second purely U.S. one.

CALL II (1909).

CYGNET II (1908). Designed by Dr. Graham Bell, of the Aeronautical Society of America. Bell (Canadian), Glen Curtis (U.S.), Herring (U.S.), and Burgess (Canadian). It made short flights.

ENGLISH (1909). In 1909 extraordinary claims were made for this machine and great things expected. On a full power trial in its shed it broke loose, and smashed itself against the roof. No recorded outdoor results.

HERRING-BURGESS (1910).

HULBERT (1910). This strange machine built in Switzerland by Dr. Dane Hulbert, achieved several flights. The planes were placed longitudinally instead of in the usual way.

JUNE BUG (1908-09). Famous machine of its era. Built by the Aeronautical Society of America (see Cygnet II). Second machine to fly in the U.S.A. Did 2000 miles before being broken up.

KIMBALL (1909). First machine in which a large number of propellers was attempted. Failed.

LOOSE (1910).

LUYTIES OTTO (1908).

MOISSANT (1910). Built entirely of aluminium. Designed by the late John Moissant. Failed.

RICKMAN (1908).

ROSHON (1908).

WILLIAMS (1908).

ZERBE (1909).

WRIGHT (1908). Two views of the machine with which Wilbur Wright startled all Europe from August, 1908 to April, 1909. First U.S. machine to fly.

Part C.

AERO ENGINES,

ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED IN ORDER OF COUNTRY OF ORIGIN.

AUSTRIAN, BELGIAN, BRITISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, ITALIAN, U.S.A.

Note.—So far as possible this is a complete list of all the aero engines of any importance.

Data are confined to what is now being made or actually in use; untested "show novelties" are ignored.

In the case of some engines it has for various reasons proved impossible to obtain full data in time for inclusion in this edition.

In a general way these lists are confined to aeroplane engines.

AUSTRIAN.

Revised by Herr Ing. W. Isendahl.

AUSTRO-DAIMLER.
KÖRTING.

35-40 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×120 (1450 r.p.m.) 165 lbs.
65-70 h.p., 4 cyl., 120×140 (1350 r.p.m.) 232 lbs.
120 h.p., 6 cyl., 130×175 (1200 r.p.m.) 419 lbs.

Vertical water-cooled.

H.T. Magneto.
All Valves overhead. Rocking levers and piston rods.
Forced lubrication.

Pressed steel pistons.
Nickel-chrome crank shaft, hollow and closed.
White-metal bearings.
Cast-iron single cylinders (copper jackets).
Single camshaft.

120 h.p.

The 120 has 2 carburetters and 2 H.T. magnetos.

Note.--This engine is no longer made, but it is to be found still in some dirigibles.

BELGIAN.

METALLURGIQUE.
PIPE.

40 h.p., 4 cyl., 85×130 (1850 r.p.m.)
60 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×150 (1850 r.p.m.) 300 lbs.
90 h.p., 4 cyl., 125×150 (1600 r.p.m.) 550 lbs.

Vertical, water-cooled.

H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets.
Pump lubrication.
50-70 h.p., 8 cyl., 100×100 (1950 r.p.m.) 239 lbs.
110 h.p., 8 cyl.

Vertical, air-cooled (fan).

H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets.
Pump lubrication.

MIESSE.
VIVINUS.

50-60 h.p., 4 cyl. lbs.
100 h.p., 8 cyl., 130×140 245 lbs.

Horizontal opposed, air-cooled (fan).

H.T. magneto
Mechanical inlets.
Pump lubrication.

Features.--

Air cooling is carried out by fans which drive air through air jackets on cylinders.

All valves in cylinder heads, rocker operated.

Vertical crank shaft.

50 h.p., 4 cyl., 106×120 (1600 r.p.m.) 205 lbs.
60 h.p., 4 cyl., 112×130 (1600 r.p.m.) 236 lbs.
70 h.p., 4 cyl., 115×130 (1800 r.p.m.) 280 lbs.

Vertical, water-cooled.

H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets.
Pump lubrication.

BRITISH.

A.B.C.
All British Engine Co., Ltd., Brooklands, Surrey.
GREEN.
Green Engine Co., Ltd., 455, Berners Street, London, W.

30 h.p., 4 cyl., 95×80 (1450 r.p.m.) 155 lbs.
45 h.p., 6 cyl., 95×80 (1450 r.p.m.) 225 lbs.
60 h.p., 8 cyl., 95×80 (1450 r.p.m.) 231 lbs.
85 h.p., 6 cyl., 125×105 (1700 r.p.m.) 290 lbs.
115 h.p., 8 cyl., 125×105 (1400 r.p.m.) 380 lbs.
170 h.p., 12 cyl., 125×105 (1400 r.p.m.) 520 lbs.
225 h.p., 16 cyl., 125×105 (1400 r.p.m.) 640 lbs.

V type, water-cooled (pump).

H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Steel cylinders (steel and copper jackets).

Overhead vertical valves.

Cast-steel crank case.

Nickel chrome crank shaft, white metal bearings.

30-35 h.p., 4 cyl., 105×120 158 lbs.
50-60 h.p., 4 cyl., 140×146 263 lbs.
90-100 h.p., 6 cyl., 140×152 298 lbs.
Vertical, water-cooled (pump).
H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Cast-iron cylinders.

Overhead cam shaft.

Copper jackets.

Nickel chrome crank shaft.

Overhead valves.

White metal bearings.

N.E.C.
New Engine (Motor) Co. Ltd., 9, Grafton Street, Bond Street, London, W.
WOLSELEY.
Wolseley Tool & Motor Car Co., Ltd., Adderley Park, Birmingham.

50 h.p., 4 cyl., 95×115 (1250 r.p.m.) 205 lbs.
90 h.p., 6 cyl., 96×115 (1250 r.p.m.) 405 lbs.

Two stroke vertical for the 90 h.p. V for the 50.

H.T. magneto.
Valveless.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Pistons after uncovering exhaust ports open the inlet ports. Air from blowers scavenges. Strong mixture enters immediately on compression stroke. This is effected by a central mechanism.

(N.B. Older types see previous editions.)

60-80 h.p., 8 cyl., 95×140, type A 325 lbs.
60-80 h.p., 8 cyl., 95×140, type B 345 lbs.
60-80 h.p., 8 cyl., 95×140, type C 315 lbs.
60-80 h.p., 8 cyl., 95×140, type D 335 lbs.
120 h.p., 8 cyl., 125×175 (1150 r.p.m.) 630 lbs.

V type. Types A and B of the 60-80 air-cooled (water-cooled exhausts). The others water-cooled.

Types A and C of the 60-80 are for direct coupling of propeller, with double thrust ball bearings.

Types B and D geared to half crank shaft speed.

Bosch dual ignition.
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Steel cylinders (single).

Overhead valves (removable seats).

Carburettor between cylinders.

Nickel chrome crank shaft, on 3 bearings.

FRENCH.

ANZANI.
71, bis Quai d'Asinières (Seine).
BERTIN.
8, rue Garancier, Paris.

30 h.p., 3 cyl., 105×130 (1575 r.p.m.) 154 lbs.
30 h.p., 3 cyl., 105×120 (1300 r.p.m.) 121 lbs.
40-45 h.p., 6 cyl., 90×120 (1300 r.p.m.) 154 lbs.
50-60 h.p., 6 cyl., 105×120 (1300 r.p.m.) 200 lbs.
80 h.p., 10 cyl., 90×130 (1250 r.p.m.) 238 lbs.
100 h.p., 10 cyl., 105×140 (1100 r.p.m.) 308 lbs.

Radial type, air-cooled (but water-cooling is occasionally fitted).

H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Extremely simple construction.

Mainshaft single crank.

Flywheel specially balanced to compensate.

Zenith carburetter.

50 h.p., 4 cyl., 116×150 (1100 r.p.m,) 132 lbs.
100 h.p., 8 cyl., 116×150 (1100 r.p.m.) 209 lbs.

X type air cooled.

BURLAT.
289 Avenue de Saxe, Lyon (Rhone).

35 h.p., 8 cyl., 95×120 (956 r.p.m.) 187 lbs.
60 h.p., 8 cyl., 120×120 (940 r.p.m.) 264 lbs.
75 h.p., 8 cyl., 120×170 (940 r.p.m.) 308 lbs.
120 h.p., 16 cyl., 120×120 (900 r.p.m.) 495 lbs.

Rotary, air-cooled.

CANTON-UNNÈ (SALMSON).
E. Salmson, 55, rue Grange aux Belles, Paris.
CLEMENT BAYARD.
Usineo Clement Bayard, 33 quai Michelet, Levallois-Perret, (Seine).

60 h.p., 7 cyl., 75×260 (1300 r.p.m.) 220 lbs.
80 h.p., 7 cyl., 120×140 (1250 r.p.m.) 298 lbs.
110 h.p., 9 cyl., 120×140 (1300 r.p.m.) 353 lbs.

The 60 h.p. has parallel a.c. cylinders, the other two are radial w.c.

There is also a horizontal radial engine (w.c.) 300 h.p., 9 cyl., 150×210 (1200 r.p.m.) 990 lbs.

H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.
Steel cylinders, copper jackets.
Overhead Valves.
Single special steel crank shaft on ball bearings.
Aluminium alloy or steel crank case.

40 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×120 242 lbs.
100 h.p., 4 cyl., 135×160 (1500 rp.m.) 463 lbs.
130 h.p., 4 cyl., 155×185
180 h.p., 6 cyl., 155×185 (1200 r.p.m.)
200 h.p., 4 cyl., 190×230 (1200 r.p.m.) 1100 lbs.

H.T. magneto.
G.A. carburetter. Forced lubrication.

Overhead valves worked by two cams only.
Exhausts opened and closed by spring on tappet.

40 h.p., vertical, en bloc, water-cooled, copper, jacket, all valves same side, single cam shaft, splash lubrication. Special carburetter, jet in centre of float chamber.

130 and 180 h.p. (for dirigibles), cylinders in pairs, water-cooled. Overhead valves, single overhead cam shaft. Two ignitions. Expanding clutch.

Dirigible Engine

CHENU.
Chenu, 10 Rue Fontaine-Saint-Georges, Paris.
CLERGET.
Clerget & Cie, 11 rue Leon-Cogniet, Paris.

50 h.p., 4 cyl., 110×130 (1300 r.p.m.) 253-1/2 lbs.
75 h.p., 6 cyl., 110×130 (1300 r.p.m.) 375 lbs.
200 h.p., 6 cyl., 150×200 860 lbs.

Vertical, water-cooled (thermo syphon).

H.T. magneto.
Automatic lubrication.

Cylinders in pairs.

43 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×120 (1600 r.p.m.)
50 h.p., 4 cyl., 110×120 (1500 r.p.m.) 172 lbs.
100 h.p., 4 cyl., 140×160 (1250 r.p.m.) 342 lbs.
50-60 h.p., 7 cyl., 120×120 (1200 r.p.m.) 198 lbs.
200 h.p., 8 cyl., 140×160 (1275 r.p.m.) 495 lbs.

The 43 h.p. 50 and 100 vertical engines, w.c.

The 50-60 h.p. is a radial, rotary.

The 200 h.p. has 2 carburetters and 2 magnetos, and is V type.

200 h.p. Clerget.

DANSETTE GILLET (LAVIATOR).
Dansette Gillet & Cie., 36 quai de. Suresnes, Suresnes (Seine).

80 h.p., 8 cyl., 100×130 (1200 r.p.m,) 418 lbs.
110 h.p., 6 cyl., 130×160 (1100 r.p.m.) 616 lbs.
120 h.p., 4 cyl., 145×175 (1200 r.p.m.) 484 lbs.
120 h.p., 8 cyl., 114×160 (1200 r.p.m.) 418 lbs.
200 h.p., 8 cyl., 147×175 (1100 r.p.m.) 715 lbs.
250 h.p., 6 cyl., 180×200 (1050 r.p.m.) 1210 lbs.

The 110, 120 (4 cyl.) and 250 are vertical, the others are V type.

DE DION.
Établissements de Dion-Bouton, 52 avenue des Champs-Élysées, Paris.
DUTHEIL CHALMERS (EOLE).
Dutheil Chalmers & Cie., 81-83 avenue d'italie, Paris.

80 h.p., 8 cyl., 100×120 (1700 r.p.m.) 484 lbs.
150 h.p., 8 cyl., 125×150 (1600 r.p.m.) 968 lbs.
V type, air-cooled for the 80; water-cooled for the 150.

H.T. magneto.
Pump lubrication.
Forced lubrication.

De Dion.

40 h.p., 4 cyl., 125×120 250 lbs.
60 h.p., 6 cyl., 125×120 350 lbs.

Opposed horizontal, water-cooled.

H.T. magneto.
Automatic inlets.
Pump lubrication.

also
EOLE. (Dutheil Chalmers.)

40 h.p., 4 cyl., 130×130 198 lbs.

Horizontal w.c., with central crank shaft over head valves.

100 h.p., 8 cyl.

Crank shaft at either end, all valves in centre.

GNOME
Société des moleurs Gnome, 3 rue La Boëtie, Paris.
LABOR AVIATION.
Soc. anonyme des moteurs Labor Aviation, 29 rue de la Révolte, Levallois Perret (Seine).

50 h.p., 7 cyl., 11$1×$220 (1200 r.p.m.) 165 lbs.
70 h.p., 7 cyl., 13$1×$220 (1300 r.p.m.) 183 lbs.
80 h.p., 7 cyl., 124×140 (1200 r.p.m.) 191 lbs.
100 h.p., 14 cyl., 110×120 (1200 r.p.m.) 220 lbs.
140 h.p., 14 cyl., 130×120 (1200 r.p.m.) 286 lbs.
160 h.p., 14 cyl., 124×140 (1200 r.p.m.) 308 lbs.

Radial rotary, air-cooled.

H.T. magneto.
Automatic inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Single crank pin

Steel cylinders turned from solid.

Single ignition point.

Gas admitted through hollow crank shaft to crank case, thence to pistons; oil enters in a similar way.

Nickel chrome crank shaft, ball bearings.

Steel crank case.

The 100 h.p. has seven cylinders behind seven others. Larger sizes ditto.

Older engines of 50-100 h.p. do not differ in general details.

42 h p., 4 cyl., 90×150 (1200 r.p.m.) 221 lbs.
72 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×210 (1200 r.p.m.) 353 lbs.
120 h.p., 4 cyl., 120×250 419 lbs.

Vertical water-cooled (pump).

H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features:--

Automatic carburetter.

LA RHONE

50 h.p., 7 cyl., 105×140 176 lbs.
80 h.p., 9 cyl., 105×140 242 lbs.
100 h.p., 14 cyl., 105×140 308 lbs.
160 h.p., 18 cyl., 105×140 374 lbs.

(1200 r.p.m. in all.)

Rotary, air-cooled.

PANHARD.
Société Panhard & Levassor, avenue d'Ivry, Paris.
RENAULT
Automobiles Louis Renault, 15 rue Gustav-Sandoz, Billancourt (Seine).

35-40 h.p., 4 cyl., 110×140 210 lbs.
55 h.p., 6 cyl., 110×140 341 lbs.
100 h.p., 8 cyl., 110×140 (1500 r.p.m.) 440 lbs.

Vertical, water-cooled.

H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets.
Pump lubrication.

Features.--

Cast-iron cylinders, jackets in casting.

Valves at side.

Cam shaft in crank case.

Nickel chrome crank shaft; white metal bearings.

There is also a 120 h.p. 4 cylinder for dirigibles.

25 h.p., 4 cyl., 90×120 243 lbs.
35 h.p., 8 cyl., 75×120 243 lbs.
50 h.p., 8 cyl., 90×120 375 lbs.
70 h.p., 8 cyl., 96×140 397 lbs.
90 h.p., 12 cyl., 96×140 640 lbs.

(All at 1800 r.p.m.)

Cylinders at 90°.
V type, air-cooled.

H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets.
Pump lubrication.

Features.--

Two to one shaft, made specially strong to admit of the direct coupling of a propeller.

Inlet valves operated from below, exhausts placed above them at the side.

Plain bearings.

Special cooling.

R.E.P.
Établissement Robert Ésnault Pelterie, 149 rue de Silly, Billancourt (Seine).
ROSSEL-PEUGEOT.
Soc. anonyme de constructions aerienne Rossel-Peugeot, rue de Longchamp, à Suresnes (Seine).

45 h.p., 5 cyl., 100×140 243 lbs.
60 h.p., 5 cyl., 110×160 (1100 r.p.m.) 330 lbs.
90 h.p., 7 cyl., 110×160 (1100 r.p.m.) 463 lbs.

Radial, air-cooled.

H.T. magneto and accumulators.
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

In the 7 cyl. the cylinders are in two planes, four being in front of the others.

The 5 cyl. engines are fan shape in one plane.

7 cylinder.

30-40 h.p., 7 cyl., 105×110 (1100 r.p.m.) 165 lbs.
40-50 h.p., 7 cyl., 110×110 (1100 r.p.m.) 172 lbs.
50-55 h.p., 7 cyl., 110×110 (1150 r.p.m.) 165 lbs.

Rotary, air-cooled.

H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

ROSSEL-PEUGEOT.

There is also a vertical water-cooled motor (1913). 100 h.p., 140×140 (1300 r.p.m.) 352 lbs.

VIALE.
Viale & Cie. 19 rue de la Mairie, Boulogne-sur-Seine (Seine).
VERDET.

30 h.p., 3 cyl., 105×130 (1250 r.p.m.) 165 lbs.
50 h.p., 5 cyl., 105×130 (1250 r.p.m.) 199 lbs.
70 h.p., 7 cyl., 105×130 (1250 r.p.m.) 254 lbs.
100 h.p., 10 cyl., 105×130 (1250 r.p.m.) 320 lbs.

Radial, air-cooled.

VIALE.

55 h.p., 7 cyl., 112×140 (1100 r.p.m.) 176 lbs.

Rotary, air-cooled.

GERMAN.

Revised by Herr Ing. W. Isendahl.

ARGUS.
Argus-Motoren G.m.b.H., Flottenstrasse 39 and 40, Reinickendorf bei Berlin. Established 1900.
BENZ.
Benz & Cie, Mannheim.

70 h.p., 4 cyl., 124×130 (1400 r.p.m.) 254 lbs.
100 h.p., 4 cyl., 140×140 (1250 r.p.m.) 290 lbs.
150 h.p., 6 cyl., 140×140 (1250 r.p.m.) 353 lbs.

Vertical, water-cooled (pump).

H.T. magneto (Bosch).
Mechanical inlets.

Features.--

Cast-iron cylinders.

Cylinders in pairs.

Valves one side (single cam shaft).

Crank shaft on ball bearings, closed and hollow.

100 h.p.

100 h.p., 4 cyl., 130×180 (1250 r.p.m.) 337 lbs.

Vertical, water-cooled (pump).

2 H.T. magneto (Bosch).
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Cast-iron cylinder, steel jackets.

Single cylinders.

All valves overhead (single cam shaft).

Crank shaft hollow oil 5 metal bearings.

This engine won the Kaiser's prize of 50,000 marks.

DELFOSSE (radial.)
DELFOSSE (rotary.)

24-30 h.p., 3 cyl., 110×130 (1500 r.p.m.) 100 lbs.
30-40 h.p., 3 cyl., 120×140 (1400 r.p.m.) 120 lbs.
35-45 h.p., 4 cyl., 110×130 (1500 r.p.m.)
50-70 h.p., 4 cyl., 120×140 (1500 r.p.m.)
50-60 h.p., 6 cyl., 110×130 (1500 r.p.m.)
80-100 h.p., 6 cyl., 120×140 (1500 r.p.m.)

Radial air-cooled.
H.T. magneto (or 6 volt accumulator).
Automatic inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Special metal cylinders.

Very large valve chambers.

Chrome nickel crankshaft and big ends.

Water-cooling fitted if required at a 10% increase of weight.

DELFOSSE RADIAL.

30 h.p., 3 cyl. (1500 r.p.m.)
50 h.p., 5 cyl., 110×130 (1400 r.p.m.)
70 h.p., 7 cyl., 110×138 (1200 r.p.m.)

Rotary air-cooled.
H.T. magneto (Bosch).
Overhead valves.
Automatic inlets.
Steel cylinders.
Crank shaft on ball bearings.

DELFOSSE.

DIXI. Dixi Luftfahrt-u-Bootsmotoren-Verkaufsgesellschaft
m.b.H., Bulowstr. 11, Berlin W. 25. Established 1911.
HILZ.
Hilz Motorenfabrik G.m.b.H., Fürstenwallstr. 189, Düsseldorf.

50 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×140 (1400 r.p.m.) 198 lbs.
75 h.p., 4 cyl., 120×170 (1300 r.p.m.) 308 lbs.
100 h.p., 4 cyl., 140×200 (1200 r.p.m.) 452 lbs.

Vertical, water-cooled (pump).

H.T. magneto (Bosch).
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Cast-iron cylinders, copper jackets.

Single cylinders.

Overhead inlets (single cam shaft).

Crank shaft, hollow, on 3 metal bearings.

100 h.p.

25-30 h.p., 3 cyl., 105×130 (1400 r.p.m.) ?
50 h.p., 5 cyl., 105×130 (1400 r.p.m.) ?

Radial, air-cooled.
H.T. magneto (Bosch).
Automatic inlets.
Splash and forced lubrication.
Steel cylinders.
Crank shaft, hollow, on white metal bearings.

MERCEDES-DAIMLER.
Daimler Motoren G.m.b.H., Stuttgart-Unterturkheim.

70 h.p., 4 cyl., 120×140 (1400 r.p.m.) 276 lbs.
70 h.p. (as above, but inverted) 298 lbs.
90 h.p., 6 cyl., 105×140 (1350 r.p.m.) 309 lbs.

Vertical, water-cooled (pump).
H.T. magneto (Eismann in the 70, two Bosch in the 90).
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features of the 70's--

Cast-iron cylinders (in pairs).

Overhead valves.

Single cam shaft.

Crank shaft, hollow, on metal bearings.

Features of the 90.--

Steel cylinders, with steel jackets.

2 carburetters (Mercedes-Daimler), otherwise as the 70's.

90 h.p.

70 h.p. Mercedes-Daimler.

N.A.G.
Neue Automobile Ges. m.b.H., Berlin-Oberschoneweide.
OTTO ("A.G.O.")
Gustav Otto, G.m.b.H., Karlstrasse 72, Munich.

60 h.p., 4 cyl., 118×100 (1400 r.p.m.) 254 lbs.
95 h.p., 4 cyl., 135×165 (1350 r.p.m.) 353 lbs.

Vertical, water-cooled (pump).

H.T. magneto (Bosch), 2 in the 95 h.p.
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Cast-iron cylinders, copper jackets.

Cylinders in pairs.

Single cam shaft.

Overhead valves.

Crank shaft, hollow, on 5 metal bearings.

95 h.p.

50 h.p., 4 cyl., 110×150 (1400 r.p.m.) 199 lbs.
70 h.p., 6 cyl., 110×150 (1400 r.p.m.) 287 lbs.
100 h.p., 4 cyl., 140×150 (1300 r.p.m.) 353 lbs.

Vertical, water-cooled (pump).

H.T. magneto (Bosch).
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Cast-iron cylinders.

Single cylinders, all connected by long bolts and nuts.

Overhead valves in the 100 h.p. Side valves in the 50 and 70.

Single cam shaft.

Crank shaft hollow, on metal bearings.

ROTOR.
SYLPHE.

70 h.p., 7 cyl., 110×150 (1100 r.p.m.) 199 lbs.
90 h.p., 9 cyl., 110×150 (1100 r.p.m.) 243 lbs.

Rotary, air-cooled.

H.T. magneto.
Automatic inlets.
Forced lubrication (fresh oil).

Features.--

Steel cylinders.

Single cylinders.

Overhead valves.

Crank shaft, hollow, on ball bearings.

40 h.p., 5 cyl., 110×130 (1200 r.p.m.) ? lbs.

Rotary, air-cooled.

H.T. magneto (Eismann).
Automatic inlets.
Forced lubrication (fresh oil).

Features.--

Chrome nickel steel cylinders.

Single cylinders.

Overhead valves.

Crank shaft, hollow, on metal bearings.

30-40 h.p.

ITALIAN.

CAPRONI & FACCANONI.
Soc. di Aviazione Ingri Caproni & Faccanoni, Vizzola Ticino.
(Dirigibles only.) FIAT.
Fabbrica Italiano Automobile Torino, 30-35 Corso Dante, Turin (Torino).

60 h.p., 6 cyl., 105×130 176 lbs.
120 h.p., 12 cyl., 105×130 ? lbs.

Radial, air-cooled.

H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

60 h.p., 4 cyl., 150×200 (1200 r.p.m.) 220 lbs.
200 h.p., 4 cyl., 170×250 (1200 r.p.m.) 1443 lbs.

Vertical.

H.T. magneto and accumulators.
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Enclosed valves.

Single cast-iron cylinders.

GNOME.
Fab. Italiana Mot. Gnome, 73 Strada Venaria, Turin (Torino).
ITALA.
Itala Fabbrica Automobili, Barriera Orbassano, Turin (Torino).

Works of the Italian built Gnome engines.

50-55 h.p., 4 cyl., 115×140 (1500 r.p.m.) 397 lbs.

Vertical, water-cooled (pump).

H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Cylinders in pairs.

Overhead inlets.

Automatic carburetter.

(Dirigibles only.) ISOTTA-FRASCHINI.
Fabbrica Automobili Isotta-Fraschini, 79 Via Monte Rosa, Milan.

100 h.p., 4 cyl., 130×180 ( r.p.m.) 662 lbs.
500 h.p., 8 cyl., 150×200 ( r.p.m.) 1543 lbs.

Vertical.

H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication (pump).

Features.--

Overhead inlets.

Horizontal exhausts.

Special radiation.

Zenith carburetter.

L. U. C. T.
Ladetto-Ubertalli & Cavalchini, Via Cavalli.-Angolo Via Circonvallazione Turin (Torino).
S. P. A.
Società Ligure Piemontese Automobili, Barriera Crocetta, Turin.

50 h.p., 7 cyl., 110×120 ? lbs.
80 h.p., 9 cyl., 110×120 ? lbs.
100 h.p., 9 cyl., 122×150 ? lbs.

Rotary, air-cooled.

H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

40-50 h.p., 4 cyl., 95×150 (1200 r.p.m.) 199 lbs.

Horizontal, water-cooled (pump).

H.T. magneto and accumulators.
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Two pistons per cylinder.

Ball bearings throughout.

Dirigible engine.

There is also a vertical 160 h.p. dirigible engine.

SWISS.

OERLIKON.
Société Oerlikon Suisse de Machines Outils, Oerlikon.

55 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×200 (1200 r.p.m.) 176 lbs.

Horizontal opposed, water-cooled (pump).

H.T. magneto (2 circuits for 2 sets of plugs).
Mechanical inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Steel cylinders (copper jackets).

Single cylinders.

Overhead valves.

Single cam shaft.

2 carburetters (one for each pair of cylinders).

Crank shaft, solid, on ball bearings.

Open crank case.

U.S.A.

ADAMS-FARWELL.
21, Athol Street, Dubuque, Iowa.
ALBATROSS.
Albatross Co., Detroit, Mich.

36 h.p., 5 cyl., 102× 88 (1200 r.p.m.) 97 lbs.
63 h.p., 5 cyl., 142×127 (1200 r.p.m.) 250 lbs.
72 h.p., 5 cyl., 152×152 285 lbs.

Rotary horizontal.

H.T. magneto.
Special valves.

Features.--

No flywheel.

All valves in cylinder head, actuated by a single push and pull lever worked by a single cam. Valves close outwardly and are held shut by centrifugal force.

Variable lift.

Exhaust ports.

Mechanical oil feed.

Engine weights are "fully complete."

50 h.p., 6 cyl., 113×125 (1230 r.p.m.) 250 lbs.
100 h.p., 6 cyl., 137×125 275 lbs.

Radial. The 50 is air-cooled, the 100 water-cooled.

CALL.
Aerial Navigation Co. of America, Girard, Kansas.
CURTISS.
Curtis Aeroplane Co., Hammondsport, N.Y.

50 h.p., 2 cyl., 150×131 185 lbs.
100 h.p., 4 cyl. 325 lbs.

Horizontal opposed, water-cooled.

Mechanical inlets.
Magneto ignition (Bosch).
Special silencer.
Vanadium iron cylinders.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

40 h.p., 4 cyl., (1100 r.p.m.) ? lbs.
75 h.p., 8 cyl., 100×100 (1100 r.p.m.) 250 lbs.
also
60 h.p., 6 cyl., (1350 r.p.m.) ? lbs.

40 and 75, V shape, water-cooled (pump).
60, vertical water-cooled (pump).

H.T. magneto (Bosch dual).
Mechanical inlets.
Splash and forced lubrication.

Features.--

Single cylinders, copper jackets.

All valves in cylinder heads, actuated by rocking levers from single cam shaft.

DETROIT AEROPLANE CO.
Detroit Aeroplane Co., Detroit, Mich.
ELBRIDGE.
Elbridge Engine Co., 10, Culver Road, Rochester, N.Y.

30-40 h.p., 2 cyl., 127×127 (1200 r.p.m.) 110 lbs.

2 cycle horizontal, air-cooled.

H.T. magneto.
Automatic inlets.
Splash lubrication.

Features.--

All valves in cylinder heads operated by a single cam.

Valves easily detached.

Very large valves.

Schebler carburetter.

Over-all length of the 30/40 is 19 in

40 h.p., 4 cyl., 123×114 198 lbs.
60 h.p., 6 cyl., 123×114 257 lbs.

Vertical, water-cooled. Valveless. Oil in gas.

Features.--Extra large bearings.

HALL-SCOTT.
Hall-Scott Motor Car Co., San Francisco, Cal.
KEMP (GREY EAGLE).
Kemp Machine Works, Muncie, Ind.

30 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×100 142 lbs.
40 h.p., 4 cyl., 100×125 150 lbs.
60 h.p., 8 cyl., 100×100 235 lbs.
80 h.p., 8 cyl., 100×125 270 lbs.
100 h.p. ? lbs.

First two are vertical, the others
V type, water-cooled (pump).
H.T. magneto (Bosch).
Mechanical inlets.
Pump lubrication.

Cast-iron cylinders.
All valves overhead.
Copper jacketted.
Special Stromberg carburetter.
Special radiators.

1912 models:

35 h.p., D 4 cyl., 100×113 ? lbs.
50 h.p., E 6 cyl., 100×113 260 lbs.

1913 models:

16 h.p., G 2 cyl. lbs.
35 h.p., I 4 cyl. lbs.
55 h.p., H 6 cyl. lbs.
75 h.p., J 8 cyl. lbs.

Vertical, air-cooled.

H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets.
Pump lubrication.

Features.--

Overhead valves.

Extra large exhausts in centre of cylinders.

Special semi-steel (grey iron) cylinders.

Designed to work at 350°-400° Faht.

KIRKHAM.
C. Kirkham, Savona, N.Y.
MAXIMOTOR.
Maximotor Makers, Detroit, Mich.

45 h.p., 4 cyl., 105×120 (1400 r.p.m.) 180 lbs.
65 h.p., 6 cyl., 105×120 (1300 r.p.m.) 235 lbs.
75 h.p., 6 cyl., × (1300 r.p.m.) 255 lbs.
110 h.p., 8 cyl., 105×120 (1200 r.p.m.) 310 lbs.

Vertical, water-cooled (pump).

H.T. magneto (Bosch, 2 spark).
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Cast iron cylinders and pistons.

Patent poppet-sleeve valves.

50 h.p., 4 cyl., 113×127 ( r.p.m.) 200 lbs.
60-70 h.p., 4 cyl., 127×127 ( r.p.m.) lbs.
70-80 h.p., 6 cyl., 157×127 ( r.p.m.) lbs.
80-100 h.p., 6 cyl., ( r.p.m.) lbs.
100 h.p., 4 cyl., 150×150 ( r.p.m.) lbs.
150 h.p., 6 cyl., 150×150 ( r.p.m.) lbs.

Vertical, water-cooled (pump).

H.T. magneto (Bosch or Mea).
Mechanical inlets (automatic in the 50 and 70.)
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Started from aviator's seat.

Double plugs.

Half compression fitted.

Crank shaft, hollow, on 3 ball bearings.

ROBERTS.
Roberts Motor Co., Sandusky, Ohio.
STURTEVANT.
B. F. Sturtevant Co., Hyde Park, Boston, Mass.

50 h.p., 4 cyl., 113×125 165 lbs.
75 h.p., 6 cyl., 113×125 (1100 r.p.m.) 240 lbs.

Vertical, 2 cycle, water-cooled (pump).

H.T. magneto.
Rotary inlets.
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

2 carburetters.

Special magneto advance.

Babbit bearings.

Very large hollow crank shaft.

Special metal cylinders (aerolite).

Special by-pass.

Rotary inlets.

40 h.p., 4 cyl., 113×113 (1300 r.p.m.) 200 lbs.
60 h.p., 6 cyl., 113×113 ( r.p.m.) 285 lbs.

H.T. magneto (Mea).
Mechanical inlets.
Pressure feed lubrication.

Features.--

Semi-steel cylinders (jackets cast with them).

Single cylinders.

Single cam shaft.

No overhead valves.

Exhaust valve lifters.

Nickel steel hollow crank shaft (5 bearings in the 4 cyl., 7 in the 6 cyl.)

WELLES & ADAMS.
Wells & Adams, Bath, N.Y.
WRIGHT.
The Wright Co., Dayton, Ohio.

50 h.p., 4 cyl. 200 lbs.

Vertical, water-cooled (pump).

H.T. magneto.
Mechanical inlets (overhead).
Forced lubrication.

Features.--

Single cylinders (large brass jackets).

Double plugs.

No valve cages.

Chrome nickel crank shaft, on 5 bearings.

30 h.p., 4 cyl., 112×100 (1650 r.p.m.) 190 lbs. 50 h.p., 6 cyl., 112×100 (1150 r.p.m.) 230 lbs.

Vertical, water-cooled (pump).

H.T. magneto.
Rotary valves.
Pump lubrication.
Silencer fitted.

Note.

There are a good many other U.S. engines of little or no account. The majority of these are merely more or less accurate copies of well-known European engines, and none of them have any vogue.

Part D.

AERIAL "WHO'S WHO," DIRECTORY & INDICES.

Note.—So far as possible the directory lists are exhaustive for the entire world. Anyone accidentally omitted is requested to communicate with the Manager, All the World's Air-craft, 5, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.

SUB-HEADS OF THIS SECTION.

"WHO'S WHO" IN AVIATION.

DIRECTORY:

CARBURETTERS.
FABRICS.
GARMENTS FOR AVIATION.
HANGAR AND SHED BUILDERS.
INSURANCE.
LUBRICANTS.
MAGNETOS.
MISCELLANEOUS ACCESSORIES.
PACKERS AND SHIPPERS.
PATENT AGENTS.
PETROL.
PROPELLERS.
RADIATORS.

INDICES:

ALPHABETICAL AEROPLANES.
ALPHABETICAL DIRIGIBLE TYPES.

AERIAL WHO'S WHO.

ADER (Clement), Chateau de Ribonnet, Beaumont-sur-Leze (Haute-Garonne, France). Born 1841. Officer Leg. d'Hon. Experimented from 1892. His Avion flew 300 metres at Satory, 12th October, 1897. This was the first flight ever made by a power machine in Europe. One of his early machines is in the Arts et Metiers Museum, Paris.

ALEXANDER (H. I. H. Grand Duke), Michailovitch of Russia, Xenia Palace, St. Petersburg. Born 1866. Admiral of the Russian Navy. Prime mover in anything having to do with aviation in Russia.

ALEXANDER (Patrick Y.), 2 Whitehall Court, London, S.W. Donor of the £1000 Patrick Alexander prize for British Aerial engines. Founder and supporter of various aerial clubs and societies.

ANDRE (Ing. A.), 82 Rue d'Amsterdam, Paris. Editor Revue Francaise de Construction Automobile et Aeronautique. Writer on aviation. Experimenter.

ARBUTHNOT (C. B.) (Major General H. T.) Chairman of the Aerial League of the British Empire.

ARCHDEACON (Ernest), 77 Rue de Prony, Paris. Born 1863. Chev. Legion d'honneur. Vice-President Ligue Nat. Aerienne. Barrister. From 1884 made balloon ascents. In 1904 made glider experiments with Gabriel Voisin. Giver of the Archdeacon Cup, won by Santos Dumont, 29th October, 1906. Also part giver with Deutsch of the Deutsch-Archdeacon prize, for a Kilometre flight, closed circuit, won by Henry Farman, 13th January, 1908.

ARNOUX (Réne), 45 Rue du Ranelagh, Paris. Born 1858. Vice-President Tech. Com. A.C.F. Designer of the electric motor of the Tissandier dirigible, 1882. Member Soc. Civil Eng. and Soc. Internat. Elec. Contributor to Omnia, etc. Inventor of the Arnoux biplane.

ATTWOOD (Harry). Well-known American aviator. In August, 1911, covered 1,435 miles in eight days.

AUFFM-ORDT. (Swiss). 2 Avenue Hoche, Paris. Pioneer Aviator.

AVERY, American pioneer aviator, associated with Herring, Chanute, and others.

BACON (late Rev.), British prominent aeronaut and lecturer.

BACON (Miss), daughter of the above. Aeronaut and lecturer.

BADEN-POWELL (Major, B.), F.R.A.S., F.R. Met. Soc., late Scots Guards. 32 Prince's Gate, London, S.W. Inventor of the Baden-Powell Box Kite. President of the Aeronautical Society from 1902 to 1909. Early experimenter and investigator with aeroplanes. Lecturer. Editor of Aeronautics.

BALDWIN (Capt. Thomas S.), 78 Maddison Square, New York. Well known U.S. Aeronaut of many years standing. Invented the Baldwin dirigible.

BALSAN (Jacques), 52 Quai Debilly, Paris. Born 1868. Aeronaut from 1905. Made an altitude record of 8,558 metres. In 1906 went by balloon, Paris to England. Vice-President Aero Club de France.

BANNERMAN (Major Sir Alexander, Bart.) In command of the British Army Air Battalion, 1911.

BARBER. British. Aeronautical Syndicate, 1909-12. Valkyrie type, etc., etc.

BARNWELL. British. Instructor 1912, Vicker's School.

BARRA. Well known French aviator.

BASENACH. German. Associated with Major Gross in producing the M type German dirigibles.

BARTON (Dr.) Built the first British dirigible in 1904. Capacity, 235,000 c.f.

BATHIAT (Georges). Frenchman. After only one hour's tuition at the Hanriot School, secured his certificate at Rheims, October, 1910. Brother of the Bathiat who flew a Breguet.

BAUMANN (Otto), Berlin. Second German to fly.

BAUMANN. French. Instructor at the Ewen School in 1912.

BEACHEY (Lincoln). American subject. In August, 1911, reached 11,578 feet (3,527 m.)—world's record to that date. Flew Niagara, 27th June, 1911, in a Curtiss.

BEATTY (George W.) American aviator. At the Chicago meet, August, 1911, he made the world's passenger flight duration trip in 3 hours, 42 minutes, 22 seconds. Also made American records for 2 man altitude 3080 feet and 3 man duration on a Wright.

BECKE (Captain). British Army. In December, 1912, made a (to that date) record flight—Flamborough to Plymouth, and later back again—4½ hours out; 2 hours back, excluding landings en route.

BEESE (Nellie). First German lady to get her pilot certificate, which she did on a Rumpler.

BELL (Dr. Alexander Graham Bell). Canadian. One of the founders of the Aerial Exp. Assoc. in U.S.A. Began experiments 1894. Inventor of the Tetratedal, etc.

BENDALL. British. Instructor Bristol School at Brooklands, 1912.

BERGET (Alphonse). French subject. Professor Inst. Oceanographique. Past President Soc. Francoise de Nav. Ae. Author of La Conquete de L'Air.

BERNARD. French. Tester for Farmans 1912-13.

BERRIMAN (A. E.) British. 44, St. Martin's Lane, London, W.C. Technical editor of Flight. Author of Principles of Flight, etc., etc.

BERSON (Prof. Arthur), Haupstrasse 9, Lehlendorp, Germany. Born 1859. Austrian. Well-known author on meteorological and similar subjects affecting aviation.

BESANCON (Georges), 35 Rue Francois I., Paris. Born 1866. Chev. Leg. d'Hon. Editor of L'Aerophile. Secretary Ae. C.F. Experimented with balloons from 1886 onward.

BESSONNEAU (J. B. Lieut. de reserve), 29 rue de Louvre, Paris. French. Born 1880. Pioneer aviation helper. Produced special steel cables of high resistance; also the well known Bessonneau hangars demontables. Organised the first town-to-town flights, 1910; also first Grand Prix, 1912.

BEZOLD (Professor Wilhelm Von), Director of the Meteorological Institute, Berlin, etc. Author of several works on aeronautics, etc.

BISS (Gerald), British, 1, Melina Place, Grove End Road, London, N.W. Automobile correspondent of the Standard. Aviation expert.

BLANCHARD. Frenchman. 1753-1809. First man to cross the English Channel in a balloon (1781).

BLAND (Lillian E., Miss), Carnmoney, Belfast, Ireland. First woman aviator to design and build her own machine, The Mayfly. Has since ceased.

BLERIOT (Louis), 56 Boulevard Maillot, Paris. Chev. Legion d'Honneur. Inventor of the Bleriot monoplane. Pioneer. Experimented from 1906. Has had more falls than any other aviators. First man to fly the Channel, which he did in Bleriot XI., 25th July, 1909. Member, Com. d'Aviation of the Ae. C.F.

BIELOVUCIC. Peruvian. Flew the Alps, 1912. Well known aviator.

BISS (Gerald). 1, Melina Place, Grove End Road, London, N.W. Well-known writer on automobile and aviation.

BOCKLIN. Swiss. 1827-1901. In 1850 became interested in aviation. In 1881 built gliders and a model aeroplane. Triplane, 1881. Biplanes, 1882-1887. In 1888 a monoplane with electric motor.

BOLOTOFF (Prince), Reigate Priory, Reigate, England. Russian subject. Pioneer aviator.

BOOM (J. A.) Editor of the De Luchtvaart, Ged. Aude gracht 144, Haarlem.

BORGNIS (Achille), 48 Rue d'Université, Paris. Early experimenter and inventor. Vice-President of the Com. d'Aviation Aeronautiques Club de France. Member Ae. C.F. (See aviators.)

BOOTHBY (Lieut. F. L. M.) British Navy. Served on board the Hermione when she was mother ship for aviation and aeronautics. Holds certificates for both aeroplanes and dirigibles.

BOSQUET (Chev. du), 8 Place de la Concorde, Paris. Chev. de l'Ordre de Leopold. Sec. Commission auto-aérienne.

BOUTTIEAUX (Col.) In command French military aviation, 1911-13.

BRACKE (Albert), 11 Chemin de Saint-Denis, Casteau-Mons, Belgium. Engineer. Editor L'Aero Mecanique. Inventor of the Bracke and Misson monoplane. Author on aerial matters.

BREGUET (Louis Charles), 31 Rue Morel, Donai (Nord), France. Born 1880. Began experimenting June, 1906, and in July, 1908, his gyroplane flew 20 yards at a height of 14 feet. President de la Section du Nord de la Ligue Nat. Aérienne.

BRERETON (J.). British. Instructor at British Deperdussin School, 1912.

BREWER (W.). Author of a standard technical work, The Art of Aviation. Formerly manager of Grahame-White & Co. Writer on aerial matters.

BRINDLEY (Oscar). American citizen. In August, 1911, he made 11,726 feet, at Chicago. These figures were afterwards stated to be incorrect, so the record was not allowed.

BROOKINS, U.S.A. Up to August, 1910, held world's height record, 6,338 feet (1,922 m.), made in a Wright at Atlantic City, U.S.A. Badly injured in an accident, August, 1910.

BUIST (A. Massac). Well-known British writer on aviation subjects. Technical contributor to Morning Post, Country Life, etc., etc.

BURGEAT (Captain). The first French Officer after Captain Ferber to take up flying. He purchased Antoinette VI.—the first Antoinette sold to the public.

BUSTEED (Harry). Australian. Bristol pilot in the British Military Competition, 1912.

BUTLER (Frank Hedges). F.R.G.S., 155 Regent Street, London, W. Founder of the R. Ae. C. Crossed the Channel in a Balloon 1905. Member Ae. C. F.

BUTTENSTEDT (Carl). 95a, Friedrichshaven Str, Berlin. Born 1845. Author of aviation works and early experimenter over many years. Designer of aeroplanes, etc.

CAILLETET (Louis Paul), 75 Boulevard S. Michel, Paris. Officer Leg. d'Hon. Doctor. President Ae. C. F.

CALDERARA (Lieut.). Italian Navy. Sent to France to study aviation in 1908. Has made many good flights ever since. In 1912-13 produced a naval hydro-aeroplane of his own design.

CAPAZZA (Louis). Frenchman. Born 1862. Head of the Clement-Bayard Works.

CAPPER (Col.). Formerly in command of British Army aviation headquarters, Farnborough, 1909-10.

CASSINONE (Alexander), Nordpolstr. 2, Vienna. Leading Figure in Austrian aeronautical circles.

CASTAGNIERIS (Capt. Guido), 70 via della Muratte, Rome. Founder and secretary leading Italian aero clubs, etc.

CASTILLON DE SAINT-VICTOR (Comte G. de), 74 Avenue Marceau, Paris. Born 1870. Aeronaut since 1898. Did a trip, Paris to Sweden. Treasurer Ae. C. F., 1911.

CATERS (Baron de), Berchem-les-Anvers, Belgium. Born 1875. Motorist of renown in the early days. Early aviator pioneer.

CATTANEO. Italian. Well-known aviator since 1910.

CARDEN (Capt.). Experimental officer, appointed 1911, to British Army Air Battalion.

CAUMONT (late Lieut.). French aviator. Killed in a Nieuport monoplane, December 30th, 1910.

CAYLEY (George, Sir). Experimented about a hundred years ago with models and man-carrying gliders. Also wrote on Aviation, and is known as "the Father of Aviation."

CHANDLER (Capt. C. de F.) Commanding Signal Aviation School, U.S.A.

CHANUTE (Octave), U.S.A. Frequently alluded to as "the father of aviation." In company with Herring he joined Langley in 1905. He did much work with gliders. He propounded the theory that little was to be learned from studying birds. Discovered that the greatest lift was obtained from a plane flat in front and arched from the side. Died November, 1910. Aged 78.

CHATLEY (Professor H.), B.Sc, Imperial Eng. Col. Tientsin, China. Britisher. Author of The Force of the Wind (Griffin & Co.), and an authority on aviation matters in general.

CHAVEZ (Georges). Peruvian aviator, resident in France. Maker of many records. First aviator to fly the Alps, 22nd September, 1910. Fatally injured on that occasion.

CHEREAU. Frenchman. London manager of the Bleriot Co. and Bleriot School at Hendon.

CHOENDEL (late). German aviator, who made an altitude record of 1680 metres with a passenger. Killed on alighting.

CLEMENT (Gustave Adolphus), 33 Quai Michelet, Levallois-Perret (Seine), France. Born 1855. Officer Leg. d'Hon. Creator of the Clement-Bayard dirigibles, etc.

COCKBURN (Geo. B.), Gloucester, England. One of the first Englishmen to take up aviation.

CODY. American; naturalised British, 1909. Inventor of the Cody kite. Employed by the British War Office for aviation work, 1905-1909. Inventor of Cody biplanes. Won Michelin prize 1910 and 1911. One of the best-known British aviators. In August 1912, made a biplane speed record of 72.4 m.p.h. Constructor.

COLLOMB. Frenchman. Early experimenter with flappers, etc.

COLMORE (Cyril). British. Ae.C. Pilot 15. Flying partner with the late Cecil Grace. Now given up flying.

COLSMAN (Alfred), Friedrichshaven, Germany. Director of the Zeppelin Co., etc.

CONNEAU (Lieut.) French Navy. Winner of the Daily Mail £10,000 prize, 1911, with a Bleriot. Winner of the Paris to Rome and the Circuit of Europe races, 1911. Flies under the name of "Beaumont."

CORNU (Paul), 24 Rue de la Gare, Lisieux, France. Pioneer experimenter with helicopters. In 1908 one of his inventions rose 16 inches.

CROCCO (Lieut.) Italian. Had a good deal to do with the designing of the Ricaldoni dirigible.

CROOKSHANK (Major C. de W.), R.E. Prominent supporter of aviation. Member of the R. Ae. C. Committee, 1910-11.

CURTISS (Glen. H.), Hammondsport, N.Y., U.S.A. Won the Gordon Bennett in 1909 on the Curtiss. Formerly a member of the Aerial Experiment Association, out of which the Curtiss was evolved. Is Ae. C.F. Pilot 2. Head of the Curtiss Aeroplane Co.

DAHLBECK (Lieut.). First Swedish naval aviator. Trained in England.

DAVELNY. Commandant French Navy. Appointed 1911, to take command of French naval aviation.

DAUCOURT. Frenchman. First pilot to fly from Paris to Berlin, 16th April, 1913. Average speed 100 k.p.h. Time 12 hours, 32 minutes, including two stops.

DE BAEDAR (F.), 7 Rue Rameau, Paris. Editor Revue Sportive de l'Aviation et de l'Automobile.

DE DION (Marqus), 104 Avenue des Champs Elysées, Paris. Born 1856. Principal founder and Hon. President Ae. C. F.

DE HAVILAND (G.) British aviator. Designer of a biplane and a motor purchased by the War Office, in December, 1910. He was subsequently engaged by the Government for work on Salisbury Plain. In August, 1912, made the British altitude record to date of 9,500 feet with a passenger.

DELAGRANGE (the late Leon). Born 1872. French sculptor. Took up aviation early in 1907. He purchased Voisin No. I., which made its first trials 28th February, 1907. Subsequently engaged in experiments with Archdeacon. In 1908 bought a Voisin No. III. Later on got a Bleriot. Killed 4th January, 1910, at Croix d'Hins, Bordeaux, in a Bleriot. Was Ae. C. F. pilot 3.

DEMANEST (Rene). French. 25, rue d'Orleans, Neuilly sur Seine. Began flying an Antoinette in 1909. Won the Ae. C. F. prize.

DEPERDUSSIN. (See machines).

DEPREZ (Marcel). Frenchman. Writer on Aerial subjects.

DESBLEDS (L. Bein). Lecturer on Aeronautical Engineering, Polytechnic, London.

DEUTSCH (Henri de la Meurth), 4 Place des Etats-Unis, Paris. Officer Leg. d'Hon. Founder member of the Ae. C.F. Donor of the prize of 100,000 francs won by Santos Dumont, 19th October, 1901. Owner of the dirigible Ville de Paris. Vice-Pres. Legue Nat. Aérienne. Donor in part of the Deutsch Archdeacon prize. Offered 1909 to found a Technical Institute of Aviation, Paris University.

DICKSON (Captain). Ex-British Army officer. The first British aviator to distinguish himself at an International flying meet.

DOUTRE. French lawyer, interested in aviation. Invented a stabilising device in which Maurice Farman was interested.

DREXEL (A.) Scotland. American citizen. Made world's record at Lanark, 12th August, 1910, in a Bleriot, 6,750 feet (2,057 m.), beating previous record of Brookins.

DRIVER. British aviator. Flew in first aerial post, 1911.

DRZEWIECKI (Stefan), 62 Rue Boileau, Paris. Russian. Born 1844. Chev. Leg. d'Hon. In 1885 investigated aviation in connection with bird flight. Well known otherwise as an inventor of submarines, torpedo tubes, etc.

DU CROS (Harvey), M.P., 14 Regent Street, London, S.W. Born 1876. Takes considerable interest in aviation. Member of the Parliamentary Committee thereon.

DUFAUX (Armand). Swiss. He and his brother Henry were interested in aviation in 1903, and in 1904 built an helicopter. In 1909 the first Swiss aeroplane built by them appeared.

DUNNE (Lieut.), Eastchurch, Sheppey, Kent, England. Ex-British Army officer. Engaged by British War Office to carry out heavier than air experiments immediately after the aeroplane had been demonstrated a possibility. (See Dunne in part I.)

DUPUY DE LOME. Frenchman. Made a hand-propelled dirigible in 1870-72.

DÜRR (Ludwig). German. Born 1878. Chief engineer Zeppelin works.

DUTRIEU (Mdlle. Hélène). Belgian. Second woman to take up aviation.

EFIMOFF (Michael). Russian. Made his first appearance in France early in 1910. (Ae. C. F. pilot 31). Distinguished himself on H. Farmans and Sommers. On his return to Russia he was made chief instructor of the special school of the Volunteer Aerial Association.

ELLEHAMMER (J. C. H.), Istedgade 119, Copenhagen. Commenced aviation studies in 1905. On 12th Sept., 1906, he made a flight—the first in Europe since Ader.

ELLYSON (Lieut. T. G.) U.S. Navy. In company with Lieut. Towers made the first flights ever made in a hydro-aeroplane.

ELY (Eugene B.) American. Was the first to fly successfully off a warship, which he did in a Curtiss biplane on January 19th, 1911, from the U.S. cruiser Pennsylvania. Killed 1911.

ENGLEHARDT (Kapitan). Prominent figure in German aeronautical and aviation circles. Writer on aerial subjects. Began flying in 1910, in which year he won several prizes. Killed 1911.

EQUIVELLY (Marquis d'), 2 Place Wagram, Paris. Pioneer aviator, with a queer multiplane, 1907.

ERBSLOCH (the late Oscar). Well known aeronaut. Inventor of a German dirigible, the R. M. W. G., afterwards named after him. He was killed in it with four others, July, 1910.

ESDAILE. British. Pioneered aviation displays in India, 1912.

ESNAULT-PELTERIE (Robert), 149 Rue de Silly, Billancourt (Seine), France. Early experimenter with aeroplanes. Flew the first R.E.P., October, 1907. Designer of the R.E.P. engine.

ESPITALLIER (Georges), 25 Rue St. Petersburg, Paris. Associated with the late Col. Renard in early dirigible experiments. Author of many aeronautical works.

ETRICH (Igo), Rotunde, Vienna II. Pioneer aviator with Wels. Designer of the Etrich monoplane—the first Austrian machine to fly.

EVANS (William Evans), 1428, Charlotte Street, Kansas City, Mo. Purchased a biplane built by Dr. William Greene, who has since given up aeroplane building. Evans made a number of exhibitions in the middle West, but had given up flying by summer of 1911.

EWEN (W. H.) British. Head of the School for British Caudron.

"F. A. I." Federation of the leading Aero Clubs of all countries, for control of International Aviation Meets, Pilot certificates, etc., etc. The bulk of certificates were first obtained in France, but in 1910 they were made obtainable in any country from its own Ae. C., under identical rules. No aviator may compete in any International event without a certificate. Aviation has now more or less outgrown the F.A.I, on account of the virtual disappearance of private aviation events before military interests; but it did excellent service in its time and is still of considerable indirect value.

FARMAN (Henri), 22 Avenue de la Grande Armée, Paris. Born in Paris, 1874, but is of English descent. Chev. Leg. d'Hon. First a racing cyclist, then racing motorist. Took up aviation. Bought Voison No. II (known as "Farman I."). On January 13th, 1908, he won the Deutsch-Archdeacon prize for covering a triangular course of one kilometre. In 1909 designed and built his own machine. Won the Michelin cup in 1909, making the record of 4 h. 17 min. 35 2.5s. in the air. Ae. C. F. pilot 5. In 1910, did 8 h. 12 mins. in the air, covering 288¾ m. (463 km.)

FARMAN (Maurice), 3 Rue Villaret de Joyeuse, Paris. Brother of above. Went in for aeronautics and motor racing. Bought Voisin No. IV at an early stage of aviation. He fitted this with alterations of his own, and subsequently evolved the M. Farman biplane. Ae. C. F. pilot 6.

FAURE (Jacques), 32 Rue Washington, Paris. Born 1873. Has long been prominent in aeronautical circles. Has crossed the Channel five times in gas bag balloons. Owns the Faure dirigible. Member of Committee Ae. C. F.

FELIX (Capt.) In 1911 in charge of the Bleriot Military School at Etampes.

FERBER (the late Capitane), flew as "De Rue." Born 1862 at Lyon. Commenced experiments with gliders in 1899 on Lilieuthal lines. In 1903 he built a power-driven machine. He taught Gabriel Voisin how to fly gliders. In 1908 was very active and flew several machines. Killed in a Voisin, 22nd September, 1909.

FERNANDEZ (the late). A Spanish tailor, resident in Paris, killed in 1909 in a machine of his own design.

FISHER (E. U. B.) First flew on a Hanriot, early in 1911. August, 1911, engaged as pilot by Messrs. Vickers.

FOKKER (Antony), Haarlem, Holland. Born in Java, 1890. Designed a monoplane in 1911 with special stabilising device. He flew this at Johannisthal. Subsequently started a company.

FOURNY. French. On September 11th, 1912, broke all previous distance and duration records by flying, non-stop, 13 hours, 22 minutes in M. Farman. Renault motor. Distance 1,017 km. (631 miles) at Etampes, France.

FRISBIE (J. J.) American aviator. Killed in a Curtiss at Norton, Kan., having been driven to fly in unsuitable weather by the jeers of a hostile crowd.

FÜRSTENBERG (Prince). Austrian. President of the Centre Aeronautical Committee, formed in June, 1912.

GALANSCHIKOFF (Mdlle.) Russian. On November 22nd at Johannisthal, made world's altitude record for lady fliers with 2,400 meteres.

GARROS. French aviator. Came in second in Paris to Rome and the Circuit of Europe races, 1911. Up to November, 1911, held world's height record (13,000 feet). Made in a Bleriot.

GASNIER (René), 1 Rue Scribe, Paris. Winner of many prizes in balloon events. French champion for the 1907 Gordon-Bennett. On Committee of Ae. C. F. Hon. President Ae. C. d'l'Ouest. Inventor of an aeroplane, 1908.

GAST (Madame C. Crespin du), 12 Rue Levoux, Paris. Well-known in aeronautical circles.

GASTAMBIDE (Robert), 27 Boulevard de Courcelles, Paris. Born 1882. Civil engineer. Took great interest in aviation at the start. Designed the Gastambide-Mengin from which Antoinettes were evolved. This was the first monoplane to carry a passenger (September, 1908.)

GELEYNS (C.) Editor of the Avia, Wynbrugstreet 13, Rotterdam.

GERRARD (Lieut.), R.M.L.I. British. August 17th, 1911, made world's passenger record to date, 4 hours, 13 minutes, on Short No. 34.

GIFFARD (H.) Britisher, resident in France. In 1850 built the first practical dirigible. It had a steam motor. In 1852 it made a controlled speed of about 5 m.p.h.

GILBERT. French. On March 28th, 1913, flew from Lyons to Villacoublay in 3 hours, 10 minutes, a world's record to date from town to town non-stop.

GILL (Howard). U.S.A. aviator. In October, 1911, flew for 4 hours 16 minutes 35 seconds in a Wright. American record to that date.

GILMOUR (Graham). British. Pilot Ae. C.F., April, 1910. In 1911, flying a Bristol: with which many of his flights have been directly or indirectly of a highly sensational nature. These have included a flight alleged to be over London (reported to R. Ae. C.—case dismissed), flying low over Henley Regatta (certificate suspended, with subsequent litigation). Won second prize in the Brooklands-Brighton Race, May, 1911. Killed February, 1912.

GIBERT. French aviator who made records, 1911.

GLAZEBROOK (Dr. R. T.), C.B., F.R.S. Director of the British National Physical Laboratory.

GLIDDEN (Charles J.) The well-known American motorist. Founder of many of the U.S.A. Ae. clubs.

GODARD (Louis), 170 Rue Legendre, Paris. Builder of the America Wellman Arctic Airship; inventor of the Godard Kite-Balloon; designer and builder of the La Belgique, etc., etc.

GORDON-BENNETT (James), 104 Avenue des Champs Elysees, Paris. American citizen. Owner of the New York Herald. Giver of the Gordon-Bennet aviation Prize. Previous to this he had instituted a similar event for motor cars, and few, if any, have done so much to advance the International sporting side of automobilism.

GOUPY (Ambrose), 59 Avenue Marceau, Paris. An early pioneer in aviation experiments—had the first triplane built for him by Voisins. Now a well known constructor.

GRACE (late Cecil). Naturalised British subject, ex-Chilian. Lost at sea while competing for the Baron de Forest prize, December, 1910.

GRADE (H.), Magdeburg, Germany. First man to fly in Germany. He did this on a Grade triplane early in 1909. Now a well known German constructor.

GRAHAME-WHITE (Claude), 1 Albemarle Street, Piccadilly, London. Pilot 30 Ae. C. F. on a H. Farman. Attempted to win the Daily Mail £10,000 London-Manchester prize, 1910. Gordon Bennett, 1911. Now constructor.

GREENE (Dr. W.), Treasurer, Aeronautic Society, U.S.A. Has done a great deal to advance aviation in the U.S.A. Designer of the Greene biplane—a machine which in no way infringed the Wright patents.

GRESWELL. British aviator. Flew in first aerial post, 1911.

GREY (Chas. G.), 166 Piccadilly, London, W. Editor of the Aeroplane. Well-known writer on aerial matters, formerly as "Aero-Amateur," later under his own name. By 1912, had come to occupy a unique position of his own by an uncompromising statement of facts without regard to other circumstances.

GROSS (Major). In command of the German war dirigibles. Designer of the M type. (Gross).

GRUBB (Capt. A. H. W.) D.S.O., R.E. Prominent supporter of aviation. Member of R. Ae. C. Committee, 1910-11.

GUILLEMEAU (R.), 82 Rue d'Amsterdam, Paris. Editor Revue Francaise, de Const. Autble et Aeronautique.

HAENLEIN (Paul). German, 1835-1905. Early experimenter with dirigibles. Inventor of the "semi-rigid" system.

HAMEL (Gustav). British. Well-known aviator. Winner of Brooklands-Brighton Race, May, 1911. Flew the first British aerial mail, 1911. In April, 1913, on behalf of the London Standard, made a non-stop flight with a passenger London to Cologne in a Bleriot. Many other famous flights.

HAMMOND (J. J.) Australian. Pilot 258, Ae. C. F., on a Sanchis Besa, 4th October, 1910. In 1911, visited Australia with a Bristol, when he made many sensational flights.

HARGRAVE (Lawrence), Sydney, N.S.W., Australia. A pioneer in aviation, 1890-95. Experimenter with and inventor of box kites.

HARKNESS (Harry). American aviator. Has made various records.

HARMON, (Clifford B.) One of the best-known U.S.A. amateur aviators. Made U.S.A. time record (2h. 3m.), 2nd July, 1910.

HARRISON (Eric). Australian subject. Instructor of the Bristol school at Lark Hill, Salisbury Plain, 1912.

HARRISON (Lieut. L. C. R.) British R. F. C. Killed 28th April, 1913, in the famous Cody which won the British Military Aeroplane competition.

HAULT (Adhemar de la), 214 Rue Royale, Brussels. Editor of La Conqûete de l'air. Well-known aviation pioneer. Interested in Ornithopters.

HAWKER (H. G.) Australian subject. On October 24th made British duration record to date—8 hours 23 mins. in Sopwith biplane. Awarded the Michelin Cup, 1912.

HEKKING (R.) Frenchman. In September, 1909, carried out experiments with a biplane glider of 7 m. span and 25 m². surface. He rose to a height of 25 m., and is stated to have remained stationary for 5 minutes. Not confirmed, however.

HELEN. French aviator. Has appeared in various competitions since early in 1911.

HENDERSON (Brig. Gen.) British Army. First general to obtain British R. Ae. C. aviator certificate. Flying under the name of "Davidson" he obtained his certificate on a Bristol, at Brooklands, after seven days' training.

HENRY, Prince of Prussia. Well known for practical interest in motoring and aviation. Has driven his own car in races, and is a certificated aerial pilot for Germany.

HENSON. Died 1842. Projected a steam-driven monoplane early in the XIX century.

HERRING (A. M.), Freeport, Long Island, U.S.A. Started the study of aviation 1894. With Langley, 1895. With Chanute, 1896. Joined Ae. Exp. Assoc. and associated with Curtiss in the Herring-Curtiss. Subsequently (1910) with Burgess in the Herring-Burgess.

HERVE (Henri), 1 Rue Hautefeuille, Paris. Well-known authority on matters aeronautical. Author, etc.

HEWLETT (Mrs. Maurice) ("Madame Franck"). First lady aviator to obtain a British R. Ae. C. certificate.

HILDEBRAND (Kapitan Alfred), 10 Martin-Lutherstrasse, Berlin W. 30. Retired from German Army. A very well-known aeronaut. Owner of a Baldwin dirigible. Author of many works on aeronautics and aviation—the best known German writer on these subjects.

HINTERSTOISSER (Hauptmann Franz), Luisenstrasse 35, Vienna V. Commanding Austro-Hungarian Aeronautical service. 1911-12.

HIRTH (Helmuth). German. Made German passenger altitude record to date, at Johannistal, September-October, 1911. Height 2475 metres. Many other records. The best known of all German aviators.

HOFFMAN (Joseph). German. Built a steam-driven aeroplane in 1906.

HOLDEN (Col. H. C. L.) R.A.F.R.S. Prominent supporter of aviation. Member of the R. Ae. C. Committee, 1910-11.

HOWARD-FLANDERS. See British Aeroplanes, Part A.

HOWARD-WRIGHT. British. Early designer (see Part B). In January, 1913, became manager of S. White & Co., of Cowes.

HOUDINI (Harry). British. The famous "Handcuff King" flew a Voisin so long ago as November 2nd, 1909. He took it to Australia and won the first aeroplane flight prize there. He is the first to have taken out a "third party" insurance, which he did with the Albingia-Versicherungs-Aktien-gesellschaft, Hamburg, Germany, on November 29th, 1909. The policy was for 150,000 marks.

HUBERT. French aviator. Flew in the first British aerial post and was badly injured.

HUCKS (B. B.) British aviator. Has made several fine exhibition flights on a Blackburn. First man to make the double journey across the Bristol Channel, also to carry out wireless telephone experiments with aeroplane.

HUNTINGDON (Prof. A. K.), 14 Buckingham St., Charing Cross, London, W.C. Born 1856. Balloon expert, 1906-1908. Connected with the Dunne machines. Member of the R. Ae. C. Committee, 1910-11.

HURLBERT (Dr. Dane), Vermont, Lucerne, Switzerland. U.S.A. citizen. Experimenter in original types of aeroplanes, 1909-11

ILLNER. First man to fly in Austria, which he did on an Etrich.

ISSATIER. French private soldier who obtained three weeks' leave and secured his flying certificate at Betheny after fourteen days, in a Deperdussin.

ISENDAHL (Walther). German. Holsteinstrasse 21, Berlin-Wilmersdorf. Leading authority on aerial and boat motors.

JANE (Fred T.), The Hill, Bedhampton, Hants, England. Naval author, founder and editor of All the World's Air-craft.

JANNUS (Antony). American. Well-known aviator.

JATHO (Karl), Stader Chausse 22, Hanover, Germany. Born 1873. Pioneer aviator from 1893. Has built various machines—none very satisfactory.

JEANNIN (Emil), Berlin. Prominent German aviator.

JEFFERIES (Dr. John). 1760-1820 about. American. Accompanied Blanchard in the first balloon voyage across the English Channel, 1784.

JENKINS (F. Conway). In May, 1911, obtained his certificate (74) after only four flights on a Roe biplane.

JOHNSTONE (St. Croix). American aviator. 27th July, 1911, beat American duration records in a flight of 4 hours, 1 minute, 54 seconds. Distance 176 miles. Killed 1911.

JONES (Ernest L.), 250 West 54 Street, New York. Editor of Aeronautics (U.S.A.)

JOSEF FERDINAND (Grand Duke of Austria). Enthusiastic aeronaut and moving spirit in aviatory matters in Austria.

JOYNSON-HICKS. British M.P. who has specialised in endeavouring to advance aviation.

JULLIOT (Henri), 3 Rue de Flandre, Paris. Born 1855. Chev. Leg. d'Hon. Technical director of the Lebaudy works. Originator of the Lebaudy type of dirigibles. Designer of Lebaudy aeroplane. Member of Committee Ae. C. F.

KAPFERER (Henry), 26 Rue de Clichy, Paris. Chev. Leg. d'Hon. Director of the Astra Cie, and the Cie Gen. Transaerienne. Part designer of the Clement-Bayard dirigibles. Took an early interest in the aeroplane movement, and had a biplane built to his own design by Voisins in 1907. Also had an early monoplane about the same date or a little later. On Committee Ae. C. F.

KASSNER (Carl), Wilhelmstr. 10, Berlin. Professor, German writer on technical aviation matters.

KENNEDY (Rankin), British authority on aviation subjects.

KENNEDY. St. Petersburg. British subject. Engineer who has studied aviation for many years. In 1911, was an honorary aerial adviser to the Russian Government on matters aerial.

KINDELAN (Captain), Guadalajara, Spain. Born 1879. Interested in balloons since 1906. Designer of the Spanish military airship Torres Quevedos.

KNIGHT. British. Instructor 1912, Vickers School.

KOENIG. German aviator. Won the 1st prize given by the Berliner Zeitung am Mittag. 1,182½ kilos.

KRAUSS. Well-known German aviation engineer. Author of many articles.

KRESS (Wilhelm), Waaggasse 13, Vienna. Born 1836. Flew a model ornithopter in 1888. Author.

KRIEGER (Hans). German. Formerly chauffeur to the Kaiser. Built a monoplane of his own design, and on September 5th, 1911, obtained his certificate on it.

LAFFONT (late A.) Killed in an Antoinette, December 28th, 1910.

LAHM (Frank), Washington D.C., U.S.A. Well-known aeronaut.

LAMBERT (Albert B.) President of Ae. C. of St. Louis, U.S.A. Flies a Wright.

LAMBERT (Count Charles), 74 Rue Charles-Lafitte, Neuilly-sur-seine, Paris. Russian subject. Born 1865. Interested in aviation 1893 onward. First pupil of Wilbur Wright.

LAMMLIN. German. Killed at Strasburg, May 23rd, 1911.

LANA (Francisco), (1631-1687), (Italian). Jesuit who projected flying machines.

LANCHESTER. Author of well-known aerial classic.

LANE (Howard), 50, Parliament Street, Westminster, London, S.W. British citizen. Mechanical and Chemical Engineer. Born 1852 at Warwick. Government Contractor; Birmingham City Councillor, 1895-1900. Honours, South Kensington, 1873. Inventions, the Seamless Steel Gas Cylinder, 1882; Multiple Stage Gas Compressor, 1884; Roller method of Skin Balloon Construction, 1887; Regenerative Hydrogen Producing Plant, 1903; Turbine Aero-Motor, 1909, etc., etc.

LANGLEY (Samuel Pierpont). Born 1834. Died 1906. American pioneer from 1887. Commenced work in 1893 with Dr. Graham Bell, and later, Herring and Chanute. In May, 1896, he flew a large steam-driven model tandem monoplane—the Langley type. Author of Experiments in Aero Dynamics and other aerial classics.

LANZ (Karl), Lachnerstrasse 18, Mannheim, Germany. Wealthy patron of aviation in Germany. Giver of the £2000 Lanz prize won by Grade. Financed the Schütte dirigible.

LAROCHE (Madame la Baronne Raymonde de). The first lady aviator. Pilot Ae. C. F. 36. Purchased a Voisin in the summer of 1909 and entered for International events. Badly injured in an accident at Reims, July, 1910. In 1913, took up flying again.

LATHAM (Hubert), 7 Rue Rembrandt, Paris. Of English descent one side. Pilot 9 Ae. C. F. Director of the Antoinette Cie. Attempted to fly the Channel, 1909. (1) in Antoinette IV. (2) in Antoinette VII. (3) in August, 1910. Maker of many records. Killed by a buffalo, 1912.

LA VAULX (Comte Henri de), 2 Rue Gaston de St. Paul, Paris. Born 1870. Chev. Leg. d'Hon. Vice-President Ae. C. F., and one of its promoters. Founder and Vice-Pres. of the F.A.I. Took up aeronautics in 1900, since when he had made over 250 ascents. Record holder for "gas bags." Owner of a Zodiac dirigible in 1909-10.

LEBAUDY (Robert), 12 Rue de Lubeck, Paris. Sugar refiner. Member Ae. C. F. Founder of the Lebaudy Dirigible Cie.

LE BLANC (Alfred), 17 Rue Lakanal, Paris. Born 1869. Aeronaut in 1904. Winner of the Circuit d' l'Est., Aug., 1910.

LE BLON (late). Frenchman. Born 1875. Killed in a Bleriot at S. Sebastien, 2nd April, 1910.

LEFÈBVRE (Eugene). French aviator. Killed on a Wright, 7th September, 1909, at Juvissy.

LEGAGNEUX. In December, 1910, made a flight of nearly 6 hours, at Pau, (322 mile—53 m.p.h.) average, in a Bleriot.

LESSEPS (Comte Jacques de), 11 Avenue Montaigne, Paris. Well-known aviator in the early days.

LEVAVASSEUR. Known in France as "Pére Levavasseur." Chief engineer of the Antoinette Works and deus ex machina of the type. He severed his connection early in 1910, but rejoined in June, 1910, and remained as long as the company existed.

LEVE (Pierre), 17 Rue Cassette, Paris. Editor of La Revue Aérienne, official organ of La Ligue Nat. Aérienne.

LILIEUTHAL (Gustav), 5 Marthastrasse, Gross-Lichterfelde, Germany. Brother of the late Otto Lilieuthal, whose work he has carried on. Author.

LILIEUTHAL (Otto, the late). German subject. Began his interest in aviation when 15 years old. In 1889 published his Bird Flight as a Basis of the Flying Art, the result of 25 years observation of sea-gulls and storks. In 1891 he made glider flights. In 1895 he produced a biplane glider. On 12th Aug., 1896, he was killed while experimenting. Lilieuthal was the fountain head of modern aviation.

LINKE (Dr. Franz), Kettenhofweg 181, Frankfurt, Germany, Scientist. Born 1878. Author of Moderne Luftschiffahrt and other works.

LIORE (F.), 4 bis Rue de Corneille, Levallois-Perret, France. Early pioneer with the Witzig-Liore-Duthileuil. Since then evolved a monoplane.

LÔME (Dupuy de). See DUPUY DE LÔME.

LORIDAN. In July, 1910, in a H. Farman racer broke the existing altitude record by making 3,280 m. (10,758ft). Did 702 km., July, 1911.

MALONE (Lieut. Cecil J. L'Estrange). R.N. Navy Wing of British R. F. C. Assistant to director of Flying at Admiralty, end of 1912.

MAHIEU. In September, 1911, made the world's passenger record of 2460 metres (7981 feet) in a Voisin, at Issy. Duration of flight 3½ hours.

MANNING (H.) British. Aeroplane designer.

MAREY (Professor). Inventor of the Whirling table, 1870.

MARIE (Capitaine). French Army. On staff of Inspector General of Aeronautics.

MARIE (Pierre). Alsatian. Real name was Bournique. He made his name on a R.E.P.'s. In May, 1911, he was trying a 100 h.p. Deperdussin when the machine capsized and fell. He was taken to hospital and died a few hours later. His passenger, Lieut. Depuis, was burned to death.

MARS ("Bud"). Well-known American aviator. Has more than once been reported killed; but always appears again.

MARTIN (Glen L.) Santa Ana, California, U.S.A. Flying Curtiss types. Obtained a considerable reputation, and local amateur record at Los Angeles meet, end of 1910.

MASSAC BUIST. (See BUIST).

MATSIEVITCH (Kapitan). Russian Army. Was Instructor of the Military Aviation School at Sevastopol. Killed at Sevastopol, 1911.

MAXIM (Sir Hiram), Baldwyn's Park, Kent. Inventor of the Maxim gun, etc. American by birth, naturalised British subject. Began experiments with propellers, etc., in 1889. In 1890 to 1893 he experimented with a full-sized aeroplane, steam propelled. Abandoned the experiments after spending £20,000 on them. Resumed work 1909, without success. Author of Artificial and Natural Flight.

McCLEAN. British aviator. Towards the end of 1910, he loaned two Short biplanes to Eastchurch flying ground for the training of naval officer in aviation, and himself acted as instructor. These were the first machines used by the British naval officers, consequently Mr. McClean may be regarded as the founder of the British Naval Aeroplane Division. Member of the R. Ae. C. Committee.

MENGIN (L.), 2 Rue Debrousse, Paris. Born 1881. Early experimenter. Flew in 1908 in the Gastambide-Mengin, from which the Antoinette was evolved. Director of the late Antoinette Cie.

MERRIMAN. British. Expert Bristol flyer at Brooklands, etc., 1912. Instructor.

MESSNER (Haupt. E.), Claridenstr. 36, Zurich. In command Swiss military aviation section, 1911-12.

MICHELIN (A. J.), 105 Boulevard Periére, Paris. Born 1853. Chev. Leg. d'Hon. Director of the well-known tyre manufacturers. Donor of the Michelin prize for aviation. Founder member Ae. C. F.

MOEDEBECK (Hermann W. L.) Born 1857. Died 1910. German author on aerial matters.

MOEDEBECK (Lieut. Col.). German subject. Author of Fliegen de Menschen (Salle), a very useful work on aviation. Also of a Pocket Book of Aeronautics, etc.

MOINEAU. Frenchman. In August, 1911, with two passengers made a record on a Breguet, of reaching 900 metres in twenty minutes at Douai.

MOISANT (Miss Matilda). Sister of the late J. M. Moisant. Second American lady to obtain certificate. Used a Moisant.

MOISANT (John). Architect. American citizen, resident in Paris. Invented two monoplanes. In Aug., 1910, flew the Channel with a passenger in a Bleriot. This was the first cross-Channel passenger trip. Killed 1911.

MONTAGU (Lord), of Beaulieu. Editor of The Car Illustrated. Prominent in arousing British interest in aviation.

MONTGOLFIER (Joseph Michael and Jacques Etienne). Frenchmen, who about the year 1780 invented hot air balloons. In 1783, one such, of 35 feet diameter, rose to a height of about 1,500 feet.

MONTGOMERY (John Professor), U.S.A. citizen. Began experiments with gliders in 1884, which he continued till his death by accident with one, on 31st October, 1911, at Evergreen, Santa Clare, California.

MOORE BRABAZON (J. T. C.), 29 Chesham St., London, S.W. Born 1884. Originally sporting motorist; winner Circuit des Ardennes, 1907. Took up aviation at an early stage. Bought an early Voisin which he named Bird of Passage. This machine was later sold to A. George, who had a smash in it, and sold it later to Grace. Moore Brabazon was the first Britisher to fly. Pilot I, R. Ae C.

MOORHOUSE (W. B. R.), Portholme Aerodrome, Huntingdon. British. Has done a good deal of cross country flying, 1911. Part inventor of the Radley-Moorhouse (R. M.) monoplane, 1911.

MORANE (Leon). Frenchman. Well-known Bleriot pilot. Subsequently built the Morane monoplane. Very badly injured in an accident, Autumn, 1910.

MOREAU. French amateur. Inventor of a special stabilised aeroplane.

MORIS (Colonel). Commanding Italian air battalion, 1911-13.

NEMETHY (Emil), Arad, Hungary. Born 1867. Built his first effort, a helicopter, in 1899. Has experimented ever since, but without much success. Inventor of the Aviette.

NEUMANN. Germany. Author of various very reliable works on dirigibles.

NICKEL (Hugo Ludwig), Kahlenbergerstrasse 97, Vienna. Born 1867. Aerial author and journalist.

NIMFÜHR (Dr. Raimund), Lerchengasse 15, Vienna. Born 1874. Experimentalist 1900 onward. Author.

NORTHCLIFFE (Alfred Charles Harmsworth) Lord. British subject. Founder and proprietor of the "Daily Mail." Donor of many important aviation prizes, including the £10,000 London-to-Manchester prize.

OERTZ (Max), Holzdamm 40, Hamburg, Germany. Interested in gliders. Connected with German North Pole Dirigible Expedition. Designer of various aeroplanes.

OGILVIE (A.) Represented Great Britain in both the 1910 and 1911 Gordon Bennetts. Took fourth place in 1911. Average speed, 51 miles per hour. Flew a Wright. In December, 1910, flew for nearly 4 hours on a Wright over the Camber sands; distance being 139¾ miles. Associated with the Wright Brothers experiments at Kitty Hawk, October, 1911.

O'GORMAN (Mervyn). Well-known authority on aviation matters, and Superintendent of the Royal Aircraft Factory.

OSMONT. Frenchman. Formerly racing cyclist. Did some fine flights at Chalons in 1910. In February, 1911, appointed chief aviation instructor to the Spanish Army.

OTTO (Fried), Hohenstaufeurstrasse 35, Berlin. W. 30. Aerial journalist, etc.

OVINGTON (Earle). U.S.A. aviator. Carried first U.S.A. aerial post, Sept 1911. Winner of many prizes in America.

OXLEY. Instructor to the Blackburn School, at Filey, 1911.

PAINE (Capt. G. M.) M.V.O., R.N. Commandant of the British Central Flying School at Upavon, Salisbury Plain. Appointed early in 1912.

PARKE (Lieut. Wilfred, R. N.) Started flying in 1910, and made a large number of meritorious performances. Killed in a monoplane at Wembley, December 15th, 1912.

PARSEVAL (Major Von), late German Army. Inventor of the Parseval type dirigibles and the Parseval monoplane. Leading figure in all aerial matters in Germany. (See Part A.)

PATERSON (Compton). British aviator. Liverpool Motor House, Ltd., Liverpool. Designed a successful machine in 1909. Also flies Farmans. Designed new machine 1911.

PATIALA (Maharajah of). In December, 1910, purchased a Bleriot and a Voisin. Member of the R. Ae. C.

PAGNY. French. Designer of Hanriots, 1913.

PAULHAN (Louis). Frenchman. Born 1883. Served afloat as a boy. Later served with the late Col. Renard; also with the late Captain Ferber. In 1907 was with Surcouf. In his spare time he made models. In 1909 he won a Voisin biplane, given as prize for the best model in France, and rapidly came to the front. In 1910 he won the Daily Mail £10,000 prize for the London to Manchester flight. Numerous other prizes have been won by him. Took up construction in 1911 without much success till in 1912 he took over French, etc., agency for Curtiss hydros.

PEQUET (H.) Frenchman. Certificated June, 1910. Flew a Humber-Sommer in India, where he conveyed the first officially recognised aerial post at Allahabad.

PERRIN (H.) British. Secretary of the R. Aero Club.

PERRY (Ida), Metropol Theater, Berlin. German actress, who has gone in for aviation.

PFITZNER (late Lieut. Alexander L.) Hungarian. Born 1875. Served in the Austro-Hungarian Artillery. Leaving the Army he went to the U.S.A. and became connected with the Herring-Curtiss work, designing the novel Pfitzner monoplane. He met many mishaps with this, which depressed him. He returned to Hungary early in 1910, but meeting no success there came back to America. Drowned in Marblehead Harbour, 12th July, 1910.

PHILLIPS (Horatio F.), Wealdstone, Harrow. Pioneer experimenter. Discoverer of the "dipping front edge," patented by him 1884 and 1891. ("Philips' entry.") Leading authority on aviation subjects.

PICKLES (Sydney). Australian. Chief pilot at the Ewen school at Hendon, 1912.

PICHAN (Court). Early French experimenter. Flew a flapper model 1889.

PICOLLO (late Jules). Brazilian aviator. Killed December 28th, 1910.

PIERRE (Petit). Frenchman. The late secretary of Bleriot School at Hendon. Assassinated at Hendon, August, 1911, by a Swiss pupil named Hanot, who went insane at not learning to fly so quickly as he had expected.

PILCHER (late Percy S.) Born 1866. British naval engineer. Commenced glider experiments, 1895, on Lilieuthal lines. Designed a power machine in 1899, but was killed in glider experiments before it was completed.

PIXTON (H.) British R. Ae. C. pilot 50. Qualified at Brooklands, January, 1911, on a triplane. Has since done some very fine flights on an Avro, taking various prizes.

PISCHOFF (Alfred de), 12 Rue Amiral de Joinville, Paris. In conjunction with Koechlin was a pioneer of French aviation. In December, 1907, he flew a kilometre on a biplane. His earliest machine was practically a large box kite with a motor fitted. In 1910 produced a monoplane of his own design. He is an Austrian resident in France.

POPPER (Josef). Austrian. Concerned with aviation, etc., ever since 1872.

POLLOCK (C. F.) Prominent supporter of aviation. Member of the R. Ae. C. Committee, 1910-11.

PONNIER. Frenchman. Director of the Hanriot Company.

PRANDTL (Dr. Ludwig). Prinz Albertstrasse 20, Göttinger, Germany. Born 1875. Leading Figure in German aerial circles. Connected with the Parseval design.

PREVOST (M.) French. Created world's record on December 2nd, 1911, by reaching a height of 9,800 feet at Rheims.

PRIER (Pierre). Made London-Paris in 3 hours, 56 minutes, 12th April, 1911. Designer to the Bristol Co., 1911.

QUEROZ (the late). Brazilian. Killed at S. Paulo, June, 1911, in a monoplane of his own design.

QUIMBY (Miss Harriet). Mineola, U.S.A. First American lady to qualify for aviator certificate, 1st August, 1911. Used a Moisant. Killed 1912.

QUOIKA (Haupt. Emanuel), Margarethenstrasse 16, Vienna. Aeronaut from 1904. Now aviator and writer on subject.

RADLEY (James). Well-known British aviator, flying a Bleriot. Patented a special wing. Represented Great Britain in the 1910 Gordon Bennett. At Lanark, 1910, broke the world's then speed record, and did 75 miles per hour. Pilot R. Ae. C. 12, June 14th, 1910. August, 1911, flew the Channel in 22 minutes; Calais to Folkestone. Subsequently embarked on construction.

RAYNHAM (F. R.) British subject. Flew 7 hours, 30 mins. competing for the Michelin Cup. Used an Avro fitted with a 60 horse Green.

REISSNER (Dr. Ing. Hans), Lutticherstrasse 166, Aachen. Born 1874. Professor on matters aerial.

RELTICH. French. Cyclist who succeeded in getting an avietter to fly one metre, October, 1912. Won the Dubos prize.

RENARD (late Colonel). In association with Krebs built a dirigible in 1884, with electric motor. Killed.

RENARD (Commandant Paul), 41 Rue Madame, Paris. Born 1854. Officer Leg. d'Hon. Brother of late Col. Renard, with whom he worked. Vice-President, Ligue Nat. Aerienne. Professor Ecole Sup. d'Aeronautique. Has written a good deal on aerial subjects.

RENAUX. Did 12 hours 12 minutes on a M. Farman, 7th August, 1911. (690 k.m.) Won the Quentin Bauchart Prize, 1911.

RENAUX. French aviator. Winner of the Grand Prix Michelin, March, 1911, Paris, to top of the Puy de Dome. Machine, Maurice Farman.

RICHET. French patron of early aviation experiments, 1896. Tatin built a large model machine for him in those days, which after a 150 yard flight fell into the sea and was lost.

RIDGE (Theodore). Assistant Superintendent of the Army Aircraft Factory. Killed on August 21st, 1911.

ROBINSON (Hugh). Well-known U.S.A. aviator.

ROBL (late Thaddeus). German aviator. Killed on a Farman, 1910, through attempting to fly in unpropitious weather in order to allay the complaints of sightseers. Has been designated the "first martyr of aviation"—not without some cause.

RODGERS (C. P.) U.S.A. aviator. Wright. In September-October, 1911, he flew across America, distance 4,321 miles. He started to win the Hirst prize of £10,000, but having taken longer than 30 days was disqualified.

ROE (A. V.) Clifton St., Miles Platting, Manchester. Was the first man to fly in England, and also the first to fly an all-British machine. Is a persistent experimenter on original lines. Has flown with as little as 9 h.p. in one of his triplanes. Now builds mono. and biplanes (Avro).

ROEHRIG (B. F.) U.S.A. aviator. Obtained wide reputation with Curtiss types on Pacific Coast.

ROGER, 8 Rue Grange-Batelière, Paris. Founder and editor of Revue de l'Aviation.

ROGUES (General). French Army. Inspector General Military Aeronautics, 1911.

ROLLS (late Hon. C.) Well-known British sportsman, motorist, and aviator. First Englishman to order an aeroplane—a Wright. Flew the Channel both ways early in 1910 (first record). Killed at Bournemouth, July, 1910, in a Wright.

RUCK (Major-General), C.B., R.E. Chairman of the Aeronautical Society of Great Britain.

RUSSIJAN. Austrian aviator. Killed January 9th, 1911.

SALMET (Henri). French. Born 1878. Made British height record, 8,070 feet, November, 1911. Made record London-Paris flight, March, 1912. Time: 3 hours, 14 minutes.

SAMPSON (Lieut.) British Navy. On August 17th, 1911, made British flight duration record to date, 4 hours 58½ minutes, at Eastchurch on a Short 38. Now Acting-Commander. Employed by Naval Wing, R.F.C.

SAMUELSON (Arnold), Hamburg Waterworks, Germany. Born 1837. Writer on aerial matters.

SANTOS-DUMONT (Alberto), 150 Avenue des Champs-Elysees, Paris. Brazilian, of French descent. Born 1873. Officer Leg. d'Hon. Took up ballooning at an early age. He was the first to use a petrol motor in a balloon. In 1900 the fifth dirigible constructed by him crossed the Seine. On Oct. 19th, 1901, in No. 6, he circled the Eiffel Tower and won the 100,000 franc Deutsch prize. In 1906 he became interested in heavier than air machines, and began on a helicopter. Abandoning this he built a box kite type of aeroplane, and on October 23rd, 1906, won the Archdeacon prize for a heavier than air flight of not less than 25 metres. Thereafter, comparatively little was heard of him, except that he was experimenting with the Demoiselle, till in 1909 he made a record on this type—the designs of which he presented to the world. Has not been prominent since.

SCHABSKY (Athanasius Ivanovitch). Russian. Builder of the Outchebny type dirigible.

SCHIERE, J. Aeronautical engineer. Stephonsonstraat 41, The Hague, Holland. Librarian Dutch Ae. C.

SCHÜTTE (Prof. Johann), Jäschkenthal 47b, Danzig-Langfukr, Danzig, Germany. Born 1873. Designer of the Schütte dirigible.

SCHWANN (Commander Oliver). British Navy. Navy Air Dept., 1912-13. In 1911, conducted a number of hydro-aeroplane experiments.

SCRAGG (Geo. H.), American citizen, 19-21, Great Queen Street, Kingsway, London, W.C. European correspondent of American Aeronautics.

SELLERS (M.B.) (See U.S. aeroplanes)

SELLS (Chas. de Grave), La Colombara, Cornigliano-Ligure, Italy. British. A leading authority on all matters having to do with engineering. Also a writer on these subjects. Authority on matters having to do with aviation in Italy.

SHAFFER (Cleve T.) American citizen. West Coast correspondent to Aeronautics (U.S.A.) Writer on aerial subjects generally.

SIMON (Rene). August 18th, 1911, tied with Sopwith for the world's Climbing speed at Chicago; 500 metres in 3' 35".

SMITH (H. White). British. Secretary to the Bristol Co.

SOMMER (Roger) Mouzon, Ardennes, France. Born 1877. Early interested in aviation. In 1908 built a machine of his own design. This was a failure. He then bought one of the first Farman's, on which he rapidly achieved success. Towards the end of 1909 he produced the Sommer biplane.

SOPWITH (T.) British. Won the Baron de Forest prize on a Howard Wright, 1910. Also won many other prizes in England and America. 19th August, 1911, tied with Simon, world's climbing speed—500 metres in 3' 35"—at Chicago. Now a constructor.

SPENCER (Stanley). Early British dirigible builder (1902). Died 1913.

SPOONER (Stanley), 41 St. Martin's Lane, W.C. Editor of Flight. Prominent supporter of aviation. Member of R. Ae. C. Committee.

STEIN (Lieut.) German aviator. Killed at Doerlitz, February 6th, 1911.

STRINGFELLOW. British. A very early experimenter. In 1868 he evolved a triplane model.

SUETER (Capt. R. N.) British. In command of British Navy dirigible section, 1911. Admiralty Air Dept., 1912-13.

SURCOUF (Edward Louis), 33 Boulevard Lannes, Paris. Born 1862. Chev. Leg. d'Hon. Secretary Com. Sport Ae. C. F. Sec. Com. Aerienne Mixte. Director of the Astra Societé. Constructor of the majority of French dirigibles.

SWANN (Rev. Sydney), The Vicarage, Crosby Ravensworth, Westmoreland, England. First clerical aviator. Ceased.

SYKES (Major F. H.) Officer Commandant in Charge of Records, Royal Flying Corps, Military Wing.

TABUTEAU. French aviator. Winner of the Michelin Trophy.

TADDEOLI. Swiss. First Swiss to obtain an aviator's certificate, which he did on a Dufaux, October, 1910. Badly injured at Lausanne, June, 1911, during exhibition flights. 1912, built a hydro-aeroplane.

TATIN (Victor), 14 Rue de la Folie-Reynault, Paris. Chev Leg. d'Hon. Born 1843. Commenced heavier than air experiments so long ago as 1879, when he made an aeroplane driven by compressed air. Designed the Ville de Paris. Had a good deal to do with the Bleriot in its early days. In 1909 designed the Clement-Bayard monoplane. Associated with Paulhan in 1911. Writes on all aerial subjects.

TAYLOR (Vincent P.) Australian subject. Well-known aeronaut, using the nom de plume of Capt. Penfold. In 1912 went in for aeroplaning, using a Bristol.

TISSANDIER (Gaston). French Pioneer aeronaut. Made an electrically-propelled dirigible in 1881. Born 1843. Died 1899.

TISSANDIER (Paul), 17 Avenue Victor Hugo, Paris. Son of Gaston Tissandier. Born 1881. Instructor of aviation. Taught many of the best known aviators.

TURNBULL (W. R.) American Engineer. In the year 1906 commenced to experiment with hydro-aeroplanes; and may be regarded as the originator of all experiments in this direction. The French Gabardine of much later date did not differ materially from his early models, while the more recent Fabre and the successful Curtiss Triad embodied similar ideas.

TURNER (Charles E.) Authority on aviation matters, special aerial correspondent of the Observer, etc.

TURNER (Lewis W. F.) British. Chief pilot of the Ewen School, 1912.

TWINING (S. Frisco). Cal. U.S.A. Experimenter with flappers, man propelled, from 1910 onward.

USBORNE (Lieut. Neville F.), R.N. First British naval officer detailed for aerial work. Was appointed to Clement-Bayard II in 1909, and subsequently to the first Naval Dirigible. 1912, Naval Wing, R.F.C.

VANNIMAN (Melvin). Built the gondola of the first Wellman airship, and intimately concerned with Wellman II. Also designed a triplane 1908. Designed Akron, 1911. Killed 1911.

VEDRINES. French. Second in the Daily Mail £10,000 prize, 1911, in a Morane. Won Paris-Madrid, 1911. One of the best known aviators. Began life as a mechanic.

VIVALDI (late Lieut.) Italian naval officer. Killed in a M. Farman, August, 1910.

VOISIN (Charles), 34 Quai du Point du Tour, Billancourt (Seine), France. Born 1882. Director of Voisin Freres. Flew the Delagrange I. in 1906. Induced H. Farman to be interested in aviation.

VOISIN (Gabriel). Brother of above. Born 1880. Chev. Leg. d'Hon. Director of Voisin Freres. Commenced to study aviation in 1902 with Archdeacon. Experimented with gliders. Founded Voisin Freres in 1903. Designer of the Voisin biplane. Killed 1912 in a motor accident.

VUIA. French pioneer, who with a machine somewhat like a Demoiselle, flew 6 yards in 1906 and 60 yards in 1907.

WALDEN (Dr.). U.S. citizen. Badly hurt, 1910, in a machine of his own design, but not killed as reported. (See U.S. aeroplanes.)

WALSH (C.F.) American aviator. Winner of various trophies on a Curtiss.

WARCHOLOWSKY. Austrian aviator. On October 30th, 1911, made world's record to date by flying 45 minutes with three passengers.

WEILLER (Lazare), 36 Rue de la Bienfaisance, Paris. Officer Leg. d'Hon. Head of the syndicate which in 1908 was responsible for Wilbur Wright coming to France.

WEISS (José). British subject. Pioneer experimenter in aviation. The starting stage used by him for early glider experiments is still to be seen near Arundel Castle, Sussex. Much of our knowledge as to the distribution of weights is due to him.

WELLMAN. An American who hoped to reach the North Pole by dirigible. His first ship came to grief at Spitzbergen. In Oct., he attempted a cross-Atlantic voyage, but failed. (See Vanniman).

WEYMANN (C). American. Won the 1911 Gordon Bennett on a Nieuport. Average speed, 78 miles per hour.

WHEELER (R.F.) British Navy. As naval cadet at the age of 15 he obtained his pilot certificate at the Bristol School.

WHITE (Sir George, Bart. LL.D. J.P.) Founder and Chairman of the British and Colonial Aeroplane Co., Ltd. President of the Bristol and West of England Ae. C.

WIDMER. Austrian aviator. In October, 1911, made a flight over the Adriatic, Venice to Triest.

WILLOWS (E.T.) Cardiff, Wales. British Airship pilot 4. Inventor of the Willows airship. Patentee swivelling propellers. Started a dirigible school, 1913.

WISEMAN (Fred T.) American aviator. Flies his own type machine. Has made sensational flights delivering newspapers at farmhouses, April, 1911, also letters.

WRIGHT (Howard). See HOWARD WRIGHT.

WRIGHTS (the) (Orville and Wilbur), 7 Hawthorn Street, Dayton, Ohio, U.S.A. Chevs. Leg. d'Hon. In 1896 the Brothers Wright began to study aerial flight. In 1900 they were making glides. In 1903 they first fitted a motor, and on December 17th of that year made a power flight of about 250 yards. Reports of this were received with incredulity, and right up to July, 1908, when Wilbur Wright appeared in France, many people still regarded the Wrights as a myth. Wilbur Wright easily beat the French machines in circling, etc. He won the Michelin Cup, being up 2 h. 20 m. 23-1/3 sec. Distance 76½ miles official record. Actual, estimated at 93 miles. The exploits of Wilbur Wright put aviation on quite a new footing. Since 1908 the Wright type has been surpassed by others; but to the Wrights will always belong the credit of having made a decided step in the science. Wilbur died of typhoid, 1911.

WYNMALEN (Henri). Dutch. Reached 9,121 feet in a Farman in 1910, and was then compelled to descend because after 8,000 feet blood oozed from his finger nails and lips. Ae.C.F. pilot 208, 27th August, 1910. Has made many famous flights.

ZENS (Ernest), 3 Rue la Boétie, Paris. Born 1878. Pioneer aviator. On committee of Ae. C. F. First passenger in an aeroplane (carried by Wilbur Wright, 6th September, 1908). Built a monoplane, 1912.

ZEPPELIN (Count). The first Zeppelin dirigible was tried in 1900 on Lake Constance. It made a small speed against a 12-16 m.p.h. wind. It also circled. The experiments exhausted the Count's resources until 1905. Details of this and later Zeppelins will be found on the German dirigible pages in Part A.

CARBURETTERS.

AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN.

DENES FRIEDMANN, 11 Mitterbergasse, Vienna, XVIII.

BELGIAN.

DASSE (G.), 49 Rue David, Verviers

FAGARD (J.) & Cie, 7 Rue Bouille, Liege, (Sthénos).

BRITISH.

BROWN & BARLOW, Ltd., 16 Loveday Street, Birmingham

BURGESS (W. H. M.), 40 Glasshouse Street, London, W. (White & Poppe).

CARBURATION, Ltd., 85 Fleet Street, London, E.C.

CLAUDEL-HOBSON, 29 Vauxhall Bridge Rd., London, S.W.

DAVIS PARAFFIN CARBURETTER Co., London

FENESTRE, CADISCHE & Co., 17 Harp Lane, London, E.C.

MOSELEY MOTOR WORKS, Birmingham

SCOTT, ROBINSON, 3 Great Winchester St., London, E.C.

TRIER & MARTIN, Ltd., Trinity Works, New Church Road, Camberwell, London, S.E. (T.M.)

WAILES (George) & Co., 386-8, Euston Road, London, N.W. (S.U.)

WHITE & POPPE, Ltd., Lockhurst Lane, Coventry

WOODNUTT & Co., St. Helens, I.W.

FRENCH.

AMOUDRUZ, 24 Rue d' Armaillé, Paris. (Carburateurs "R.V." et "l' Econome").

ASTER (Société de Construction Mécaniques (L')), 74, Rue de la Victoire, Paris

AUFIERE (Ch.), 95 Rue de Flandre, Paris

BARIQUAND & MARRE (Société), 127 de Oberkampf, Paris

BELLAN ET FRANTZ, 137 Avenue de Villiers, Paris. ("Le Va-Partout.")

BOURRIENNE, 18 Impasse Amelot, Paris

BREUZIN (Ed.) FILS, 26-28 Rue Morand, Paris

BRIEST, 119 Rue de Rennes, Nantes

BROUSSET (F.), 5 Rue Leprince, Nogent-sur-Marne. ("Normal" & "Lion").

CAILLETTE ET NARÇON, 29 Rue de la Plaine, Paris

CHARRON, Ltd., 7 Rue Ampère, Puteaux

CLAUDEL (Henri), 41 Rue des Arts, Levallois-Perret

CLERC & QUANTIN, 21 Rue Tandou, Paris

COTTIN & DESGOUTTES, Place de Bachut, Lyon

EMMEL (A.), 278 Boulevard Raspail, Paris

EVENS, NOLO & Cie, 150, Avenue St-Ouen, Paris

FILTZ (J.), 13 Avenue du Roule, Neuilly-sur-Seine

GAUTREAU Fréres, Dourdan

GOUBERT, 15 Rue du Pont, Arles

GRIANOLI (Étabs. L.), 26 Boulevard Magenta, Paris

GROUVELLE (J.) H. ARGUEMBOURG & Cie, 71 Rue du Moulin-Vert, Paris. ("G. A.")

HARDING (H. J.), 7 bis, Rue du Débarcadere, Paris. (J.A.P.)

JANVIER (V.), 44 Rue d'Alésia, Paris. ("Véji.")

JANGEY (P.) et Cie, 26 bis, Rue Saint-Didier, Paris

JOLY FRÉRES, 244 Rue Marcadet, Paris

JULLIAN FRÉRES & HERAULT, Beziers

LAURENT FRÉRES, Plandher-Les-Mines

LONGUEMARE (F. & G.) FRERES, 12 Rue du Buisson-St-Louis, Paris

MARTHA (L.), 24 Rue du Champ-Les-Mines, Paris

MENEVEAU & Cie, 15 Rue des Trois-Bornes, Paris

MERIOT (L.), 22 bis, Rue de' Taillandiers, Paris

PANHARD-LEVASSOR (Etablissements), 19 Avenue d'Ivry, Paris

PASCAUD, 144 Boulevard Magento, Paris

PILAIN (Soc.), 17 Chemin de Monplasir à Grange-Rouge, Lyon

POUDEROUX (L.), 9 Rue Waldeck-Rousseau, Paris

PROGRESSA (Soc.), 3 Passage Moitrier, Levallois-Perret

SCHMITZ (J.) & Cie, 17 Rue Saussier-Leroy, Paris

STORR & Cie, 17 Rue Saussier-Leroy, Paris

STROMBERG MOTOR DEVICES MANUFACTURING Co., 1253 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, U.S.A.

TOLLET & Cie, 7 Rue de la Charité, Lyon

VAURS, 38 Rue Brunel, Paris

VAUTRIAN (L.), 35 Rue Brunel, Paris. ("Claudet.")

VITU (P.), Villa Aline, Rue des Soupirs, Epinal

WAGNER, 7 Galeme de la Madeleine, Paris

ZENITH (Soc. du Carburateur) 55 Chemin Feuillat, Lyon-Monplasir 2 Rue Denis-Poission, Plancher-les-Mines

GERMAN.

DULONG, 11 Lingstrasse, Berlin

ESCHER (B.), Sachsische Werkzeug Maschinenfabrik, Chemnitz

"IDEAL" METALLWARENFABRIK, Opladen (Ideal A.G.)

NEUE VERGASER GESELLSCHAFT, 63 Urbanstrasse, Berlin

SWISS.

WAGNER (Soc. d' Ind., Suisse d'Outillage), Bate

U.S.A.

BECKLY RALSDON. 178 Lake Street, Chicago

BREEZE CARBURETTER Co., 276 Halsey Street, Newark, N.Y.

BUFFALO CARBURATOR Co., 887 Main Street, Buffalo, New York

BYRNE, KINGSTONE & Co., Kokomo, Ind.

GOLDBERG MOTOR CAR DEVICES MFG. Co., 1253 Michigan Avenue, Chicago

HEITGER CARBURETTER Co., 205 West South Street, Indianopolis

HOLLEY Bros. Co., 661 Beaubien Street, Detroit, Mich.

KALAMAZOO CARBURETTER Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.

MARVEL MANUFACTURING Co., 410 S. Meridion Street, Indianopolis

MYERS (A. J.), 244 West 49th Street, New York. (G. & A.)

SPEED CHANGING PULLEY Co., 758 Washington St., Indianopolis. (Speed).

STROMBERG MOTOR DEVICES MANUFACTURING Co., 1253 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, London, D.E. (T.M.)

WESTERN MOTOR Co., Logansport, Ind.

WHEELER & SCHEBLER, Indianopolis

FABRICS FOR AEROPLANES AND DIRIGIBLES.

AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN.

METZELER & Cie, 6 Konigstrasse (Gummihof), Vienna VI.

BELGIAN.

DUPT (A. D.), 11 Avenue de Keyser, Antwerp

ENGLEBERT FILS & Cie, 29 Rue des Vennes, Liege

BRITISH.

ACCORDION BOAT Co., 32 Tufton St., Westminster, London, S.W.

"AEROPLATTE." (See Rogers Bros.)

AUTOMOBILE & AERIAL SUPPLY Co., Norwich Union Buildings, Piccadilly, London, W.

AVON INDIA RUBBER Co., Ltd., Melksham, Wilts

BENETFINK & Co., Ltd., Cheapside, London, E.C.

BENEY (R.) & Co., 7 Carlisle St., Oxford St., London, W.

CLARKE (T. W. K.) & Co., Kingston-on-Thames

CONTINENTAL TYRE & RUBBER Co., (GREAT BRITAIN) Ltd., 102 Clerkenwell Road, London, E.C.

DUNLOP RUBBER Co., Ltd., Manor Mills, Aston, Birmingham

FRANKENBURG & Sons, Ltd., Salford, Lancashire

"HARTS," 21 Liverpool Street, E.C.

HUTCHINSON AERO CLOTHS, 70 Basinghall Street, London, E.C.

IOCO PROOFING Co., Ltd., 50, Fraser Street, Bridgeton, Glasgow

IMPERIAL TYRE & RUBBER Co., Brook St., Holborn, London, W.C.

JONES (Bros., Ltd.), 12 York Street, Manchester.

MCLEAN, MCLEAN & Co., 79½ Gracechurch St., London, E.C.

NEW MOTOR & GENERAL RUBBER Co., Ltd., 374 Euston Road, London, W.C.

NORTH BRITISH RUBBER Co., Ltd.:—

1 Long Acre, London, W.C.
Castle Mills, Edinburgh

PEGAMOID (NEW) Ltd., 144 Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.

ROE (A. V.) & Co., Brownsfield Mills, Manchester

ROGERS (Bros.), 1 Mitre Court, Milk Street, London, E.C. ("Aviator" Ramie), (Aeroplatte).

SPENCER (C. G.) & Sons, 56a, Highbury Grove, London, N.

DANISH.

CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTA PERCHA Co., 28 Amaliegade, Copenhagen

DUTCH.

CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTA PERCHA Co., 1077 Prinsengracht, Amsterdam

FRENCH.

ALBERTI (L.) (Harburg-Wien), 12 Rue d'Enghien, Paris

BARBET-MASSIN, Popelin & Cie., 5-7 Rue St. Fiacre, Paris

BESSONNEAU, 21 Rue Louis Gain, Angers

CAOUTCHOUC Manufacture (Soc. du.), 86 Rue Notre Dame-de-Nazareth, Paris

CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTER PERCHA Co., 144 Avenue Malakoff, Paris

DEVILLE (J.), 42 Rue des Jeuneurs, Paris

FALCONNET-PERODEAND (Étabs.), 4 Place Carnot, Choisy-le-Roi (Seine).

GODARD (Louis) (Etabls. Aeronautiques de Paris), 170 Rue Legendre, Paris

HUTCHINGSON (Etablts.) 60, Rue Saint-Lazare, Paris

METZELER & Cie, 1 Rue Villaret-de-Joyeuse, Paris

MICHELIN & Cie, Clermont-Ferrand, Puy de Dôme

OPPENHEIMER NEVEU, 28 Rue Bergere, Paris

PETER (Louis), 107 Rue de Courcelles, Paris

RUSSIAN-AMERICAN INDIA RUBBER Co., 47 Rue St. Ferdinand, Paris

SULFIMATE (Service du), 200 Boulevard Victor Hugo, Clichy (Seine).

TELEPHONES (Soc. Indle. Des), 25 Rue de Quatre Septembre, Paris

TORRILHON (Soc. An. des Anciens Etab. J. B.), Chamaliéres Puy de Dôme

VALDENAIRE (H.) Adenet & Cie., 21 Rue des Jeuneurs, Paris

GERMAN.

CLOUTH (Franz) (Rheinische Gummiwaarenfabrik, Cologne-Nippes)

CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTA PERCHA Co., 100 Fahrenwalderstrasse, Hamburg

MICHELIN & Cie, Frankenalle 4, Frankfort

RIEDINGER (August), Augsburg, Bavaria

SCHUCKERT & Co. (Elektrizitats A.G.), Nuremburg

ITALIAN.

CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTA PERCHA Co., 36 Via Bersaglio, Milan

MICHELIN & Cie:—

117 Via Livorno, gia via Schina, Turin
14 via Toro, Milan

RUSSIAN.

CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTA PERCHA Co., 11 Boiscbaja Dmitrovka

RUSSIAN-AMERICAN INDIA RUBBER Co., Tregolnik, 138, Canal Abovdny, St. Petersburg

SPANISH.

CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTA PERCHA Co., 5 Calle Fernando el Santo, Madrid

MICHELIN & Cie, 21-23 Calle Sagasta, Madrid

SWEDISH.

CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTA PERCHA Co., Riddoregatan 15, Stockholm

SWISS.

CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTA PERCHA Co., 9 Lowenstrasse, Zurich

U.S.A.

BALDWIN (Captain Thos. S.), Box 78 Madison Square, New York

CONOVER (C. E.) & Co. (Naiad), 101 Franklin Street, New York

CONTINENTAL CAOUTOUCHOUC & GUTTER PERCHA Co, Muskegon, Mich.

FRENCH AMERICAN BALLOON Co., 4460 Chouteau Avenue, St. Louis

GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER Co., Akron, Ohio

MICHELIN & Cie, Milltown (N. T.).

"NAIAD," 101 Franklin Street, New York

STEVENS (Aeronaut Leo), Box 181, Madison Square, New York

GARMENTS FOR AVIATION.

AUSTRIAN.

BAUR (R.), 4 Rudolfstrasse, Innsbruck

GOLDMAN & SALATSCH, 20 Graben, Vienna I.

MAKOVSKY & Co., 9 Baumannstrasse, Vienna

BELGIAN.

DEPART (Au), 8 Boulevard Anspach, Brussels

GAUSSET (F.), 5 Rue du Jardin Botanique, Liege

HOEBER & Cie, 48 Chemin de Hall, Forest-les-Brus

REEKIE (A.), 17 Rue Royale, Brussels

BRITISH.

AEROPLANE SUPPLY Co., Ltd., 111 Piccadilly, London, W.

BAKER & Co., Ltd., 137 Tottenham Court Road, London, W.C.

BURBERYS 30-33 Haymarket, London, S.W. Basingstoke

DUNHILL (A.), Ltd., 359 Euston Road, London, N.W.

GAMAGE (A. W.), Ltd., 126 Holborn, London, E.C.

HARROD'S STORES, Ltd., Brompton Road, London, S.W.

JOHNSTON (G.) & Co., 110 Cannon Street, London, E.C.

NICOLL (H. J.) & Co., Ltd., 114 Regent Street, London, W.

NORTH BRITISH RUBBER Co., Ltd., Castle Mills, Edinburgh

PENTON (E.) & Son, 11 Mortimer Street, London, W.

PIGGOTT (J.), Ltd., 117 Cheapside, London, E.C.

ROGERS (Bros.), 1 Mitre Court, Milk Street, London, E.C. (Mascot vests), (Aeromac)

SAMUEL (Bros.), Ltd., 65 Ludgate Hill, London, E.C.

SMEE (E.), 403 Oxford Street, London, E.C.

FRENCH.

ABERDEEN, 1 Rue Auber, Paris

ARNOUX, 63 Boulevard Malesherbes, Paris

AUDOUARD, 3 Rue du Commandant, Rivière, Paris

AUX MARINS, 7 Avenue de la Grande-Armée, Paris

BARBAN, 67 Rue Rambuteau, Paris

BAZAR de L'Hotel de Ville, 54 Rue de Rivoli, Paris

BELLE FERNIERE (La), Rue Saint-Pierre, Caon

BELLE JARDINIERE (La), 2 Rue du Pont-Neuf, Paris

BERNARD, 153 Rue du Faubourg, Saint-Honoré, Paris

BINET (E.), 6 Boulevard Diderot, Paris

BLUET, 154 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris

BOILLAU (M.), 5 Rue d'Tory, Lyon

BOINET (G.) & Cie, Saint-Quentin

BON MARCHE (Le), Rue de Sèvres, Paris

BONNET (G.), 4 Rue de la Bastille, Paris

BONNIOL, 10 Rue Turbigo, Paris

BOROWSKY, 32 Rue d'Argout, Paris

BOURSIN, 61 Rue la Boéthe, Paris

BRUNSCHWIG (Ch.), 39 Rue des Bourdounais, Paris

BURBERYS, 10 Boulevard Malesherbes, Paris

BUSSEY (Geo. C.) & Cie, 25 Rue Tronchet, Paris

BUSVINE & Cie, 4 Rue Marbeuf, Paris

CAOUTOUCHOUC MANUFACTURE (Société du), 86 Rue Notre Dame de-Nazareth, Paris

CARNAVAL de VENISE (Au), 5 Boulevard de la Madeleine, Paris

CHAMANSKI & BLOCH, 6 Place des Victoires, Paris

CHOCQUENET (V.), 31 Rue des Jeûneurs, Paris

CHOTIN (G.), 34 Rue des Archives, Paris

CIRET (F.) & Cie, 140 Rue Rivoli, Paris

COOK & Cie, 23 Rue Auber, Paris

CRABETTE, 54 Faubourg Saint-Honoré, Paris

DAMERVAL (A.), 9 Rue Réamur, Paris

DAROLES-VINCENT, 22 Rue de Faubourg-du-Temple, Paris

DAY, 162 Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Martin, Paris

DEITZ (E.), 56 Rue d'Aboukir, Paris

DENIAU & Cie, 86 bis, Rue de Rome, Paris

DEWACHTER, 53 Boulevard Voltaire, Paris

DUGAS, Freres, 10 Boulevard Sébastopol, Paris

DUROT & LERY, 25 Rue des Trois-Cailloux, Amiens

DUBESSY (J.), Villefranche

DUBREUIL & PARMENTIER, 34 Rue Montorqueil, Paris

EGGER & Cie, 2 Rue de la Vrillière, Paris

ESDERS (Maison Henri), 115 Rue Montmartre, Paris

FASHIONABLE HOUSE, 16 Boulevard Montmartre, Paris

FELDSTEIN, 91 Rue des Marais, Paris

FRAENKEL (H.), 28 Rue du Quartre-Septembre, Paris

GALERIES LAFAYETTE, 40 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris

GRANDE MAISON (A La), 7 Rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs, Paris

HALIMBOURG-AKAR (Etablissements), 1 Places des Victoires, Paris

HENRY-TREILLE, Marcigny

HIGH-LIFE, 112 Rue de Richelieu, Paris

HUTCHINSON (Etablissements), 60 Rue Saint-Lazare, Paris

KRIEGCK & Co., 23 Rue Royale, Paris

LACHASSAGNE (E.), Saint-Etienne

LAMBLIN (A.), 15 Rue Tiquetonne, Paris

LAMARTINE, 24 Rue des Bons-Enfants, Paris

LECONGE & WILLMANN, 2 Rue du Renard, Paris

LEON, 21 Rue Daunou, Paris

LOUVRE (Grande Magazines du), 164 Rue de Rivoli, Paris

LYON (Grand Bazaar de), 31 Rue de la République, Lyon

MAGNANT & Cie, 117 Rue Réaumur

MAGNE (A.), Moulins, France

MANBY, les 19 Rue Auber, Paris

MARCHAL (M.), 30 Rue le Peletier, Paris

MARECHAL (A.), Nevers

MAX-AUSPITZ, 374 Rue Saint-Honoré, Paris

MICHEL JACKSON (A.), 92 Rue Richelieu, Paris

MICHEL JACKSON (E.), Halluin

MENAGERE (À la), 20 Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle, Paris

METTEZ (Maison), 5 Place de l'Hotel de Ville, Paris

MOLAY (Jacques), 181 Rue du Temple, Paris

MATHAN (G.), 27 Rue Saint-Sabin, Paris

NICOLLE, 29 Rue Tronchet, Paris

OLD ENGLAND

12 Boulevard des Capucines, Paris
114 Via Nazionale, Milan, Italy

OLIVIERI & Co., 101 Rue Claude-Decaen, Paris

PAGUIN (J.) BERTHOLLE & Cie, 43 Boulevard des Capucines, Paris

PARIS-TAILLEUR, 3 Rue du Louvre, Paris

PAYEN (Maison G.), 7 Rue de la République, Lyon

PETIT MATELOT (Au), 41 quai d'Anjou, Paris

PFEIFFR-BRUNET, 17 Rue de l'Ancienne-Comedie, Paris

PRINTEMPS (Magasius du), 70 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris

RAGEUNEAU, 25 Avenue de la Grande-Armée

RÉAUMUR (A.), 82 Rue Réaumur, Paris

REVILLON, Freres, 77 Rue de Rivoli, Paris

RIBBY, 16 Boulevard Poissonière, Paris

RICOUR, 26 Rue du Bouloi, Paris

RODDY, 2 Boulevard des Italiens, Paris

ROFFY, 2 bis, Rue du Bouloi, Paris

ROUSSEAU, 61 Passage du Havre, Paris

ROYAL TAYLOR, 41 Avenue de Wagram, Paris

RUSSIAN AMERICAN INDIA RUBBER Co., 47 Rue Saint Ferdinand, Paris

SAINT, Freres, 34 Rue du Louvre, Paris

SAMARITAINE, Rue du Pont-Neuf, Paris

SEYNOHA (F.), 249 Rue Saint-Honoré, Paris

"SIEG," 19 Avenue de la Grande-Armée, Paris

SORIN & MARZETTIER, 2 Rue Haudaudine, Nantes, Paris

SPORT (The), 17 Boulevard Montmartre, Paris

STEINMETZ, Freres, 16 Rue Cambronne, Paris

STROM (D. SCHNEIDER & Cie)

16 Rue de la Chaussee-d'Antin, Paris
33 Avenue de la Gare, Nice

TELEPHONE (Société Industrielle des), 25 Rue du Quartre Septembre, Paris

THIERY & SIGRAND, 18 Boulevard Sébastopol, Paris

TORRILHON (J. B.), Chamalieres

TROIS-QUARTIERS (Aux), 17 Boulevard de la Madeleine, Paris

TUNMER (A.) & Co., 27 Rue du Quartre-Septembre, Paris

VELOCE-CLUB (Au), 21 Avenue de la Grande-Armée, Paris

VINCENE, 148 Rue du Temple, Paris

VOLLANT (A.), 34 Boulevard Sébastopol, Paris

WEST END TAILORS, 10 Rue Auber, Paris

WILLIAMS & Cie, 1 Rue Caumartin, Paris

GERMAN.

ANWANDER (A.), 22 Sonnenstrasse, Munich

HERTZOG (R.), 15 Breiterstrasse, Berlin

ITALIAN.

MARTINY (Manufacture), 5 Via Pietro Micca, Turin

SANGUINETTI (Frat), 8 Corso Vittorie Emanuele, Milan

SPANISH

SANCHA (M.), 12 Calle de la Cruz, Madrid

SWISS.

GEISTDORFER & Co., 4 Paradeplatz, Zurich

U.S.A.

SCANDINAVIAN FUR & LEATHER Co., 16 West 33rd Street, New York

HANGAR AND SHED BUILDERS.

BRITISH.

AEROPLANE SUPPLY Co., Ltd., 111 Piccadilly, London, W.

HARBROW (W.), South Bermondsey Station, London, S.E.

HARRISON, SMITH Buildings, Ltd., Vauxhall Works, Dollinan Street, Birmingham.

HUMPHREYS Ltd., Knightsbridge, London, W.

MORTON, FRANCIS & Co., Ltd., Hamilton Ironworks, Garston, Liverpool.

PIGGOTT, Bros. & Co., Ltd., 220, 222, 224, Bishopsgate, London, E.C.

SMITH (F.) & Co., Carpenters Road, Stratford, London, E.

WIRE-WOVE ROOFING Co. & PORTABLE BUILDINGS Co., 108 Queen Victoria St., London, E.C.

FRENCH.

BESSONNEAU

29 Rue du Louvre, Paris
21 Rue Louis Gain, Angers

COMPAGNIE AERIENNE, 63, Avenue des Champs, Elysees, Paris

CONSTRUCTIONS DEMONTABLES (Compagnie des), 54 Rue Lafayette, Paris

CONSTRUCTIONS ECONOMIQUES (Société de), 11 Avenue de l'Opera, Paris

DUBOIS et Cie, 7 Rue Saint-Amand, Paris

LAPEYRERE (L.), 44 Rue de l'Eglise, Paris

OFFICE d'AVIATION, 3 Avenue de l'Opera, Paris

RUBEROID (Societe du), 82 Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris

SAINTE-BEUVE (A.), 196 Quai Jemmapes, Paris

GERMAN.

MULLER (A.), 27 Fritcherstrasse, Berlin-Charlottenburg

HYDROGEN SUPPLIES.

BRITISH.

BRITISH HYDROGEN Co. (Lane's System), 49-50 Parliament Street, London, S.W.

BRITISH OXYGEN Co., Ltd.:—

Elverton St., Westminster, London, S.W.
Saltley Works, Birmingham
Great Marlborough St., Manchester
Boyd St., Newcastle-on-Tyne
Rosehill Works, Polmadis, Glasgow

KNOWLES' OXYGEN Co., Ltd., Wolverhampton.

WOLF (J.), 15 Seething Lane, London, E.C.

FRENCH.

ELECTROLYSE FRANCAISE (L'), 4 Rue des Ecluses, Saint Martin, Paris

HYDROGÈNE pour l'Aerostation et l'Industrie (Soc. Francaise de l') (Lane's System), Boulevard Sénart, St. Cloud (Seine et Soise).

HYDROXGENE PUR (L')

22 Rue de Douai, Paris
Marais de Lomme, Lille (Nord)

OXYDRIQUE FRANCAISE (L'), 2 Rue Nouvelle, Paris

INSURANCE (AVIATION).

BELGIAN.

MONET (Alfred), 3 Avenue de Cortambert, Bruxelles, Belgium

BRITISH.

AEROPLANE SUPPLY Co., Ltd., 111 Piccadilly, London, W.

BRAY, GIBB & Co., Ltd., 14 Sherborne Lane, King William Street, London, E.C.

CAR & GENERAL INSURANCE CORPORATION, Ltd., 1 Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.

DOLAMORE (W. T.), AVIATION INSURANCE BROKER, 199 Piccadilly, W.

FORBES (M. W.) & Co., 15 Queen Street, London, E.C.

GLASGOW ASSURANCE CORPORATION, Ltd., 10 Queen Street, Cheapside, London, E.C.

GOLD (Guy), 1 Cornhill, London, E.C.

KINLOCH (D. A.), 13 Leadenhall Street, London, E.C.

PLANCHE, HEARN & Co., 12 Newgate Street, London, E.C.

WHITE CROSS INSURANCE ASSOC., 1 Cornhill, London, E.C.

FRENCH.

ASSURANCE SPECIALES d'AUTOMOBILES (Les) 20 Rue Taitbout (Seine), Paris

BANDU DE CHANTPIE (Ch.), 8 Rue Blanche, Paris (Seine)

CAPRON & HAREL, 10 Rue Viollet-le-Duc, Paris

CASANIVA ET GRIBAUMONT, 50 Boulevard Maesherbes, Paris

CAUBERT ET GARNIA (E.), 5 Rue Moreau, Paris

FASTINGER (L.), 8 Rue du Sentier, Paris

HANCIAN (G.), Omnium des Assurance Terrestries, 59 Rue de Chateaudun

HURET (G.), 56 Rue d'Amsterdam, Paris

LAURIERS (Des) et DUMONT, 43 Rue Lafitte, Paris

LAW-CAR, 42 Rue Pergotese, Paris

LE CHARTIR ET DARDONVILLE, 12 Avenue Moatespan, Paris

LEFEVRE (P.), 7 Rue Villaret-de-Joyeuse, Paris

LLOYD (Continental), 17 Rue Druout, Paris

MULLER & DESPIERRES (G.), 26 Rue Etienne-Marcel, France

NICOLLEAU (Auguste), 36 Rue de la Chapelle, Paris

PIEFR (G.), 92 Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, Paris

STEVENS (Pierre), 26 Rue Bergere, Paris

TERRIER (V.), Courtier d'Assurances, 81 Boulevard Sébastopol, Paris

TROLLET (H.), 131 Rue de Rome, Paris

LUBRICANTS.

AUSTRIAN.

GERSON BOEHN & ROSENTHAL, 20 Donaueschingenstrasse, Vienna XX.

BELGIAN.

BENZO-BELGE (la), 11 Boulevard du Régent, Brussels

GUELETTE & Cie, Hug. (Diamond-Running Oil.)

BRITISH.

ADAMS BRITISH OIL Co., Ltd., Plough Bridge, Deptford, London, S.E.

ANGLO-AMERICAN OIL CO., Ltd., 22 Billiter Street, London, E.C.

ANGLO-BOSPHORUS OIL Co., Ltd., Bristol

BOWRING PETROLEUM Co., Ltd., Finsbury Court, London, E.C.

BRITISH MONOGRAM OIL Co., Ltd., 177 The Vale, Acton, London, W.

BUTTERWORTHS, Ltd., 5 Roscoe Chambers, Liverpool

BRITISH PETROLEUM Co., Ltd., 22 Fenchurch Street, London, E.C.

CARLESS, CAPEL & LEONARD, Hope Chemical Works, Hackney Wick, London, N.E.

COUNTY CHEMICAL Co., Ltd., Chemico Works, Bradford Street, Birmingham

DICK & Co,, Ltd., 33 Eastcheap, London, E.C.

ENGLEBERT & Co., 119 Finsbury Pavement, London, E.C.

GRINDLEY & Co., Ltd., Poplar, London, E.

KAYE (J.) & Sons, Ltd., 93 High Holborn, London, W.C.

MONOVO Co., Mono Works, Stewart's Road, London, S.W.

O'BRIEN (H.F.) & Co., Broadheath Oil Works, Manchester

PETROLEUM Co., Ltd. (The British), 22 Fenchurch Street, London, E.C.

PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE Co., Ltd., Belmont Works, Battersea, London, S.W.

ROSE (Sir W. & Co.), 66 Upper Thames Street, London, E.C.

STERN-SONNEBORN (A. G.), Royal London House, Finsbury Square, London, E.C.

VACUUM OIL Co., Ltd., Caxton House, Westminster, London, S.W.

WAKEFIELD (C. C.) & Co., 27 Cannon Street, London, E.C.

WHITE, 47 Curtain Road, London, E.C.

WILCOX & Co., Ltd., 23 Southwark Street, London, S.E.

DANISH.

BEAUVAL (de) Saxlund, 18 Kobmagergade, Copenhagen

MEYER & HENCKEL, 60 Kobmagergade, Copenhagen

FRENCH.

ACKER, 7 Rue de Bac, Ivry Port (Auto Victoire.)

ANDRÉE (A.) Fils (Societe Anonyme), 8 Rue de la Tour-des-Dames, Paris (Volgaline & Spidoléine.)

AMELIN & RENAUD, 37 Rue Jean-Jacques-Rosseau, Paris

AMERICAN OIL Co., 42 Rue Lepeletier, Paris

BADIN, 3 Rue de la Mare, Paris

BAILLY, 8 Rue de la Michodiére, Paris

BANTEGNIE & NEVU, 10 Rue Bateau, Aubervilliers

BARBAT (C.), Charenton

BAUD, 24 Rue Saint-Roch, Paris

BAUDOUIN, 32 Quai Saint-Vincent, Lyon

BEDFORD PETROLEUM Co., 67 Boulevard Hausmann, Paris

BÉSANCON (E.), Saint-Denis

BONIFACE, Frères, Sotteville-L-Rouen

BONNEVILLE, ROUILLY & Cie, 27 Rue du Landy, Saint-Denis

BORREL & Fils, 58 Rue de Vincennes, Bagnolet

BOUCHON & BERTRAND, 17 Rue des Bateliers, Clichy

BOUGAULT & Cie, 32 Boulevard Ornano, Paris

BOURGEOIS-OUDRY, 18 Rue de la Paix, Vincennes

BUISINE & Cie, 35 Rue de Viarmes, Paris

BURCKHARDT, 18 Rue Poliveau, Paris (Auto-Gazoline.) (Auto-Moto.)

CABANNE-NIROUET, 124 Route de Joinville, Champigny-s-Marne

CALISCH-ORESTE, 4 Avenue du Cog, Paris

CAMUS, 5 bis, Rue des Rosiers, Paris

CAPET, 61 Rue de la Verrerie, Paris

CATHALIFAUD, 120 Boulevard Magenta, Paris

CAUÊT, 18 Boulevard Pagel, Saint-Denis

CAYEUX, Place de Marche-aux-Herbes, Compiegne

CHAILLY, 15 Rue Catulienne, Saint-Denis

CHATELET, 30 Rue de Fontenay, Nogent-sur-Marne

CHAUDIN & Cie, 132 Faubourg, Saint-Denis, Paris

CHEMET, 143 Route de Versailles, Boulogne

CHEMIN (A.), 10 Rue Gresset, Amiens (Lubrifa.)

CHICHIGNAUD Au CORNILLON, Saint-Denis

CHOUILLOU, 14 Rue Duphot, Paris

CLAUDY, 92 Rue Neuve-des-Charpennes, Lyon

COLMET & Cie, 70 Rue de Rivoli, Paris

COLUMBRIA (Soc. des Prod. & Pub.), 48 Rue de Paris, Saint-Denis

COSTADAU, 13 Rue Vendome, Lyon (Golden Oil.)

DANIEL, 4. Rue Villedo, Paris.

DÉGREMONT, 21 Rue Gudot-de Mauroi, Paris (Lion.)

DEGUEANT, Avenue Lagache, Villemonble

DELAGE, Quai d'Issy, 37 Issy-les-Moulineaux

DELETTREZ. 7 Rue Gide, Levallois-Perret (G.D.)

DELIGNY, 3 Rue de Buisson-Saint, Louis, Paris

DESCROIX (P.) & LESAGE, 18 Rue de Normande Asnières

DESSALLE, 39 Rue de Paradis, Paris

DEUTSCHE (Les Fils de), 50 Rue de Châteaudun, Paris (A.D.) (Jupiter.) (Viscositas.)

DION BOUTON (De), 36 Quai National, Puteaux

DOMONT, 36 Boulevard Ornano, Paris

DROUOT, 172 Faubourg Saint-Martin, Paris

FAUCHER, 106 Boulevard Sebastopol, Paris

FEIGEL, 14 Rae Barbette, Paris

FERRANDON, 164 Avenue de Valmy, Paris

FERRON, 59 Boulevard Saint-Denis, Courbevoie

FIRBACH, 16 Rue Violet, Paris

FLOQUET, 36 Rue de la Haie-Cog., Paris

FOURNIER, Frères, 12 Rue Castérès, Clichy

FRANCO-RUSSE, Cie, 10 Rue Thimonier, Paris (Newoléine.)

GAGNEPIAN, GONNOT & Cie, 109 Rue Victor-Hugo, Levallois-Perret

GALENA OIL Co., Paris

GAMARD & LAFLÈCHE, 8 Rue de Thorigny, Paris

GARDAIR, 71 Rue de Vaugirard, Paris

GAUBERT, 40 Avenue de la Grande-Armée, Paris

GÉNÉRAL INDUSTRIELLE (La), 5 Boulevard Voltaire, Paris

GEORGIER (A.), 8 Route de Flandre, Bourget

GIRARD, 102 Rue du Gazometre, Montreuil (La Becanine)

GONNOT, 33 Boulevard de la Chapelle, Paris

GUILLAUD & VALLAT, 36 Chemin, Saint-Matthieu, Lyon

GUILLET-PUSARD, Fils et Cie, 4 Rue Poccard, Levallois-Perret (Royal Oil.)

GUYENOT (J.), 1 Rue du Printemps, Paris (Motoléine.)

HACHARD, 43 Boulevard, Richard-Lenoir, Paris

HAMELIN, 65 Rue Rivay, Levallois-Perret

HAMELLE, 21 Quai de Valmy, Paris (Valvoline).

HARMIGNIES, 105 Rue de Paris, Ivry Port

HERZEMBERG, 60 Rue Saint-Mandé, Saint-Ouen

HUILES & GRAISSES INDUSTRIELLES DE, 18 Rue Gambetta, Nice (Omnia.)

HUILES-VITESSE (Soc. An. des.), Rue des Minimes, Courbevoie

INDUSTRIELLE GENERALE (L'), 27 Rue la Bruyère, Paris

LACARRIÈRE & GRAVELIN, 11 Rue de Neuilly, Clichy (La Preferee.)

LAGET, 181 Rue Lafayette, Paris

LAMPE, Freres, 32 Rue Saint-Lazarre, Paris

LA SELVE & BOURGEON, 54 Chemin des Cures, Lyon (Auto Oil)

LAVOIX, Le Bourget

LEBRASSEUR & Cie, 155 Rue de Paris, Saint-Denis

LEBRASSEUR, 11 Rue de la Vega, Paris

LECLERC (C.), 33 Rue Auger, Pantin

LENOIR, 24 Rue Michelet, Pantin

LENORMAND, 18 Avenue Saint-Germain, Puteaux

LÉONHARD, 14 Rue Coypel, Paris

L'HERITIER & Cie, 86 Rue de Paris, Saint-Denis

LILLE & BONNIÈRES, 10 Rue des Pyramides, Paris

LUBIN, 47 Rue du Liégat, Ivry-Port

LUBRICATING Oil Co., Route de Sartrouville, Pecg.

LYNDALI & Cie, 80 Rue Taitbout, Paris

MACKAY, 2 Cité Trévise, Paris

MAILLET, 9 Rue Alfred Condre, Abbeville

MALICET & BLIN, 103 Avenue de la Republique, Aubervilliers (Mab.)

MANÇEAU, 60 Rue de Flanders, Pantin

MARÉCHAL, 75 Avenue du Chemin-de-Fer, Le Vestinet

MARTIN (V.), 50 Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris

MARVILLE & Cie, Rueil

MAUPRÉ, 112 Rue de la Chapelle, Paris

MICHEL, 15 Rue Ferragus, Aubervilliers

MORIN, 48 Rue de l'Aqueduc, Paris

NANTERRE, 18 Rue Gambetta, Nice (Omnia.)

NASSOY & RIBAUD, 78 Rue Charles-Nodier, Pantin (Colzarine)

NICKMILDER, 82 Rue Daquerre, Paris

NOBLET, 1 Rue Pastuer, Ivry-Port

NORTZ, 29 Boulevard Sébastopol, Paris

OLEO, 30 Rue Perrier, Levallois-Perret (Oleomoto)

OLEONNAPHTES (Societé Anoyme), 164 Avenue de Paris, Saint-Denis

OLÉONNAPHTES ÉMULSIONNES (Societé Anonyme), 3 Avenue Victor-Hugo

ORANGE & Cie, 432 Avenue de Paris, Saint-Denis

PELON, 76 Avenue de la Republique, Paris

PENNSYLVANIA OIL Co., 39 Rue Sainte-Cécile, Marseilles

PETROLES OIL Co., 2 Rue Fongate, Marseilles (Onctua.)

PEUGEOT, Freres, 71 Avenue de la Grande-Armée, Paris Valentigney

PIETRATERRA (A.), 10 Rue des Augustins, Argenteuil

POURCHEIROUX, 41 Rue Saint-Ferdinand, Paris

POULET & TAYART, 108 Avenue de la Republique, Aubervilliers

PRADERE & Cie, 16 Rue du 14-Juillet, Pre-Saint-Gervais (Virginia)

QUERVEL, 35 Rue du Port, Aubervilliers (Kervoline)

RASTIT (H.), 38 Rue Bicolas, Marseilles

RECORD, 27 Quai Gailleton, Lyon

REGNIER, Fils & RODDE, 11 Rue Etienne-Dolet, Paris

RENAUD-LEVEQUE & Cie, 37 Rue Jean-Jacques-Rosseau, Paris

RENAULT (V.), 145 Avenue, Parmentier, Paris

REVAUX, 63 Boulevard Thiers, Amiens

RICBOURG, 19 Quai aux, Fleurs, Paris

RINCK, Fils, 66 Rue de Rivoli, Paris

ROBERT, 25 Rue Drouot, Paris

RONDEL, 101 Rue Marceau, Montreuil

RONDEL (Ch.), 57 Rue de Saint-Mandé, Montreuil

SAUTET, Freres, 99 Route d'Orléans, Montrouge

SIMONET (L.), 45 Rue Gambetta, Nancy

SIMON-ROCHE, 17 bis, Avenue du Mans, Tours (Auto Sims)

SIVAN, 8 Place de l'Evêsché Marques, Fréjus (Record, Aeroline, Motord)

STANDARD OIL Works, 69 Rue d'Hauteville, Paris

STORACE (B.), 15 Rue de Paris, Nice

SYLVESTER (E.), 6 Rue Nationale, Rouen (W.S.)

TESSE, 15 Rue de Surène, Paris

TORRE & Cie, 112 bis, Rue de Paris, Vincennes

TOURNEL, 18 Avenue d'Italie, Paris

TRABET (L.), 1 Rue Amelot, Paris (Trabeoline)

VACUUM OIL Co., Ltd., 34 Rue de Louvre, Paris

VILLENEUVE (A.), 1 Boulevard Saint-Jacques, Paris

WALLACH & Cie, 60 Avenue de la Republique, Aubervilliers

WALLET, 12 Rue Rennequin, Paris

WILSNER (G.), 29 Rue de Neuilly, Clichy

ZEMMER, 91 Rue Petit, Paris

GERMAN.

DEPAUW & Cie, 6 Rue de la Linère, Brussels

DEUTSCHE LVERKE, 1 Prinz-Louis, Ferdinandstrasse, Berlin

PETROLEUM RAFFINERIE, Breme (Veloscol)

SPILCKE, 94 Chausseestrasse, Berlin

STERN-SONNEBORN (A. G.), 21 Ritterstrasse, Berlin S. 42

SÜDDEUTSCHE OELWERKE, Fribourg-en-Brisgau

VALVOLINE OIL Co., 7 Hobzbrücke, Hambourg

VOGT & Cie, Görlitz (Vostol)

ITALIAN.

ARNOLDI & Cie, 37 Via Paolo do Cannobio, Milan

CECCARELLI, TEDESCHI & Cie, Corso XXII., Marso, 34, Milan (Teuff)

CORLIÈ RE, 8 Via Santa-Azata, Boulogne

FOLTZER (E.), Rivarolo-Lugure, Genes

KOCH (O.), 50 Via Abbadesse, Milan

MIRAGOLI & PETSATORI, 67 Foro Bonaparte, Milan

OLEUM, Galleria Nazionala, Turin

PETROLIO, 76 Piazza Cinque Lampade, Genes

REINACH & Cie, 90 Via Lario, Milan (Oleoblitz)

VOLPATO & Cie, 11 Via Santa-Maria-Fulcornia, Milan

ROUMANIAN.

TRAJON, Bucharest, Roumania

RUSSIAN.

CHABANIAN (R.), Batoum-Bakou

KAISER (R.), Baku

MALLARD, Caucase, Batoum

NOBEL, Freres, St. Petersburg

PITOEFF & Cie, Tiflis

SCHIBAEFF & Cie, Bakau

TER AKOPOFF, 3 Place Isaac, St. Petersburg

SPANISH.

FONTAGUD, 6 Fuentes, Madrid

OLEON Co., 13 Asalto, Saragossa

USERA (De), 47 Legdnitos, Madrid

VACUUM OIL Co., 598 Cortes, Barcelona

SWISS.

GRISARD (G.), 302 Route de Greuzach, Bâle

HALLER, 8 Splugenstrasse, Zurich

HEUMANN (A.) & Cie, Winterthur

HUILES MINERALES, Route de Frontenex, Geneva

LAMBERCIER (J.) & Cie, Geneva

LUMINA (S. A.), Geneva-Vollandes

MOEBIUS (H.) & Fils, Bâle

OMNIA (Maison), Chêne-Bourg, Geneva

SCHMID, 133 Murtenstrasse, Berne

U.S.A.

DIXON (J.) CRUCIBLE Co., Jersey-City, New York, (Graphite)

KEYSTONE LUBRICATING Co., Philadelphia

WHITE & BAGLEY Co., Worcester (Oilzum)

MAGNETOS.

AUSTRIAN.

DENES & DRIEDMAN, 11 Mitterbergasse, Vienna XVIII.

ERBEN (S.) & ARNOLD FRIEDMANN, 14 Stubenring, Vienna I.

BELGIAN.

BOSCH MAGNETOS, 121 Rue de l'Instruction, Brussels

PERNSTEIN (Ateliers), 8 Rue Laporte, Liege-Nord

BRITISH.

BOSCH MAGNETOS

40-42 Newman Street, London, W.C.
28 Store Street, Tottenham Court Road, London, W.C.

BRITISH TELLIER Co., 10 Coburg Place, Hyde Park, London, W.

EISEMANN MAGNETO Co., 43 Berners Street, London, W.

FULLER (J. C.) & Son, Woodland Works, Wick Lane, Bow, London, E.

MEA MAGNETO Co., Gresse Buildings, Stephen Street, Tottenham Court Road, London, W.

NILMELIOR (Société d'Electricité), 36-37 Alfred Place, Tottenham Court Road, London, W.C.

RICHES (G. T.) & Co., 19 Store Street, Tottenham Court Road, London, W.C.

SIMMS MAGNETO Co., Ltd., Welbeck Works, Kilburn, London, N.W.

VAN RADEN & Co., Ltd., Great Heath, Coventry.

DUTCH.

BOSCH MAGNETOS, Willem Van Rijm, Keizergracht 181, Amsterdam

FRENCH.

BARDON (L.), 61 Boulevard National, Clichy

BAUDOT ET PAZ, 22 Avenue de la Grande-Armée, Paris (Simms.)

BOIN, 33 Rue du Four, Paris

BOSCH MAGNETOS

Depôt 295 Avenue de Saxe, Lyon
17 Rue Theophile-Gautier

BREGUET (Maison), 19 Rue Didot, Paris

DEBEAUVE, 68 Rue de Sevres, Paris (Vestale)

EISEMANN & Co., Lavalette & Cie., 175 Avenue le Choisy, Paris

EXTRA. (See Giffard.)

GIANOLI, 28 Boulevard Magenta, Paris

GIBAUD, 309 Rue de Faubourg, Saint-Antoine, Paris

GIFFARD, 283 Rue des Pyrénées, Paris (L'Extra)

GIRARDEAU (A.), 7 Rue Scribe, Paris

GUENET. 5 Rue Montmorency, Paris

GUILLOU, 41 Rue de Bagneux, Montrouge

HENRIQUE, 54 Quai de Courbevois, Courbevois

HERDTLE & BRUNEAU, 93 Rue Pelleport, Paris

HOMMEN (H.), 38 Rue de Turenne, Saint-Etienne

HYDRA (Société de le Magneto), 11 Rue Charcot, Neuilly-sur-Seine

ILIYNE-Berline, 8 Rue des Dunes, Paris

INVICTA (Société) (Hamille et Cie), 5 Rue Deves, Neuilly-sur-Seine

JUSTON & Cie, 62 Rue du Chemin-Vert, Paris

MEA MAGNETO, Feld-Dengen, 157 av. Malakoff, Paris

MONTBARBON (Société), 147 bis, Rue de Villiers, Neuilly-sur-Seine (S.A.M.)

NIEUPORT (Société Anonyme des Appareils Electriques), 9 Rue de Seine, Suresnes

NILMELIOR (Société), 49 Rue Lacordaire, Paris

SIMMS MAGNETO Co., Ltd., 12 Rue de Courcelles, Levallois-Perret

STUART & STICHTER, 18 Avenue des Ternes, Paris (Splitdorf)

UNTERBERG & HELME, 166 Rue Lafayette, Paris (U.H.)

GERMAN.

BERGMANN'S INDUSTRIEWERKE, Gaggneau (G.m.b.H.)

BOSCH MAGNETOS, 11 Hopperlaustrasse, Stuggart

EISEMANN & CO., 61 Rosenbergstrasse, Stuttgart

FIELDER (W.), Eisenach (Ruthardt)

HAENDLER (A.), 52 Heidestrasse, Berlin

MEA (G.m.b.H.), Stuttgart

RAPID ACCUMULATOREN & MOTOREN WERKE, 149 Haupstrasse, Schoneberg-Berlin

RUTHARDT & Co., 77 Olachstrasse, Stuttgart

SCHOELLER (A.), Frankfort

TAUNUS ZUNDERFABRIK (G.m.b.H.), Frankfort

UNTERBERG & HELME, Durlach, Baden

WECKERLEIN & STOCKER, 7 Wodanstrasse, Nuremberg (Moris)

ITALIAN.

BOSCH MAGNETOS, 18 Via San Vittore, Milan

EISEMANN & Co., Ditta Secondo Pratti, 32 Carlo-Alberto, Milan

LUCINI (Enrico), 3 Via Petrarca, Milan

SWEDISH.

BOSCH MAGNETOS, Fritz Egnall, Norra Bantorget 29, Stockholm

SWISS.

KESSERLING (F.) & Cie, Schaffhouse

KOMET, 95 Brunaustrasse, Zurich

U.S.A.

BOSCH MAGNETOS:—

160 West St., 56th Street, New York.
223 & 225 West 46th Street, New York.
1253 Michigan Avenue, Chicago
357 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco

DAYTON ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING Co., 98 St. Clair Street, Dayton, Ohio

DOW MANUFACTURING Co., Braintree

FAWN RIVER MFTG. Co., Constantine, M.

FISCH (Geo. L.), 1451 Michigan Avenue, Chicago

HEINZE ELECTRIC Co., Lowelle, Mass.

HOLTZER, CABOT ELECTRIC Co., Boston (H.C.)

K.W. IGNITION Co., 30 Power Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio

MEA MAGNETOS, Marburg Bros., Inc., U.S. Rubber Buildings, New York. Also Detroit and Chicago.

MOTSINGER DEVICE MFTG. Co., Pendleton, Ind.

PITTSFIELD SPARK OIL Co., Dayton

REMY ELECTRIC Co., Anderson, Ind.

SPLITDORF Co.

261-265 Walton Avenue, New York.
138th Street, New York.

MISCELLANEOUS ACCESSORIES.

BELGIUM.

WANSON (Maurice), 10 Rue Jean Stas, Brussels

BRITISH.

AEROS, Ltd., 139 St. James's Street, Piccadilly, London.

AEROPLANE SUPPLY Co., Ltd., 111 Piccadilly, London, W.

BRITISH AMERICAN Co., 300-33 Widdrington Road, Coventry

BRITANNIA ENGINEERING Co. (1910), Ltd., Britannia Works, Colchester

BRITISH EMALLITE Co., Ltd., 30 Regent Street, London, S.W.

BRITISH INSULATED & HELSBY CABLES, Ltd., Warrington

BRITISH LOW ACCESSORIES Co., Ltd., 15 Great St. Helen's, London, E.C.

BONN (J.) & Co., Ltd., 97 New Oxford Street, London, W.C.

BOWDEN PATENTS, Ltd., Baldwin Gardens, London, W.C.

BROOKS (J.B.) & Co., Ltd., Criterion Works, Birmingham

BROWN (Bros.), Ltd., Birmingham

BRAMPTON (Bros.), Ltd., Birmingham

BURBERRYS, The Haymarket, London, S.W. (Aviation Garments)

CENTRAL NOVELTY Co., 99 Snow Hill, Birmingham

CHATER, LEA, Ltd., 114 Golden Lane, London, E.C.

CLARK (T. W. R.) & Co., Crown Works, High Street, Kingston-on-Thames

COAN (Robt. W.), 219 Goswell Road, London, E.C. (Aluminium Castings.)

COWEY ENGINEERING Co., Ltd., 1 Albemarle Street, London, W.

CRAMPTON & Co., 73 Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.

CROSLEY, LOCKWOOD & SON, 7 Stationer's Hall Court, London, E.C. (Publishers)

DING, SAYERS & Co., Elm Gardens, Mitcham, Surrey

DOBBIE McINNES, Ltd., Glasgow, N.B.

DRESSER & GARLE, Regent House, Regent Street, London, W.

DRUMMOND BROS., Ltd., Ryde's Hill, Guildford

EISEMANN MAGNETO Co., 43 Berners Street, London, W.

ESSEX ACCUMULATOR Co., 499 Grove Green Road, Leytonstone, London, N.E.

EVANS (Geo.) & Co., 94 Albany Street, Regent's Park, London, N.W.

FLATHER (W. T.), Ltd., Standard Steel Works, Sheffield

FRASER BEGG & Co., Ilford.

FONTEYN & Sons, 76 Newman Street. London, W.

FOULIS (Wilfred), Ltd., Sunbury News, Belford Road, Edinburgh

GENERAL AVIATION CONTRACTORS, Ltd., 30 Regent Street, London, S.W.

GEOGRAPHIA DESIGNING & PUBLISHING Co., Ltd., 33 Strand, London, E.C. (Maps, etc.)

HAIM (N. S.), 69 Mark Lane, London, E.C.

HANDLEY PAGE, Ltd., 72 Victoria Street, London, S.W.

HARRIS & SAMUEL, 10 Dean Street, Oxford Street, London, W.

HASLER TELEGRAPH WORKS, 26 Victoria Street, London, S.W. (Indicators)

HELLEKEN, Ltd., 133 Upper Thames Street, London, E.C.

HILL (ROWLAND) & Sons, Ltd., Albion Foundry, Coventry

HOBSON (H. H.), Ltd., 29 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London, S.W.

HORA (E. & H.), Ltd., 36-38, Peckham Road, London, S.E.

HOYT METAL Co. OF GT. BRITAIN, Ltd., 26 Billiter Street, London, E.C.

HUNTSMAN (B.), Attercliffe, Sheffield

HURLIN (J.) & Son, 191 Cambridge Road, London, E.

JENNINGS, GUILDING & Co., 60 Southgate Street, Gloucester

JONES Bros., Ltd., 12 York Street, Manchester (Fabrics, etc.)

KALKER (E.) & Co., Much Park Street, Coventry

KEMPSHALL TYRE Co., 1 Trafalgar Buildings, London, W.C.

KIRKBY BANKS SCREW Co., Ltd., Meadow Lane, Leeds

LAMPLOUGH & Sons, Ltd., Albion Works, Cumberland Park, London, N.W.

MALLINSON (Wm.) & Sons, 130-138 Hackney Road, London, N.E.

MARSH (Bros.) & Co., Ltd., Ponds Steel Works, Sheffield

MARKT & Co., 6 City Road, London, E.C.

MEA MAGNETO Co., Gresse Buildings, Stephen Street, Tottenham Court Road, London, W.

MELHUISH (R.), Ltd., 50 Fetter Lane, London, E.C.

MELLIN (F.) & Co., Salisbury Road, Kilburn, London

M. P. G. Co., 98 Tollington Park, London, N.

MOGUL TYRE Co., Ltd., 15 Carlton House, Regent Street, London, W.

MOTOR ACCESSORIES Co., 55 Great Marlborough Street, London, W.

MOTOR AVIATION Co., Ltd., 628 Martin's Lane, London, W.C.

NOBLES & HOARE, Ltd., Cornwall Road, Stamford Street, London, S.E.

NORTH BRITISH RUBBER Co., Ltd., Castle Mills, Edinburgh

OWEN (Joseph) & Sons, Ltd., 199a Borough High Street, London, S.E. (Aeroplane Woods)

PALMER (L. N.), 9a Trevelyan Road, Tooting, London, S.W.

PALMER TYRE Co., Ltd., Shaftesbury Avenue, London, W.C.

PIGGOTT Bros. & Co., Ltd., 220, 222, 224, Bishopsgate, London, E.C.

POLDI STEEL Works, Napier Street, Sheffield

RANDALL (J. H.) & Co., Green Street Works, Paddington Green, London, W.

REASON MNFTG. Co., Ltd., Lewes Road, Brighton

RENOLD (Hans), Ltd., Progress Works, Brook Street, Manchester

ROE (A.V.), Gt. Ancoats Street, Manchester

ROGERS Bros., 33 Aldermanbury, London, E.C. (Fabrics, etc.)

ROLLETT (H.) & Co., "Avia Works," Coldbath Square, Rosebery Avenue, London, E.C.

ROSS, COURTNEY & Co., Ltd., Ashbrook Road, Upper Holloway, London, N.

RUBERY, OWEN & Co., Darlaston, Staffs.

RUTT (A.) 85 Cannon Road, Bromley

SCHAFFER & BUDENBERG, Whitworth Street, Manchester

SEEBOHM & DUCKSTAHL, Ltd., Dannemora Steel Works, Sheffield

SHORT (Bros.), Eastchurch, Sheppey

SMITH (F.) & Co., Ltd., Wire Manufacturers, Caledonia Works, Halifax

SNOWDEN & Sons, 427 Norwood Road, London, S.E.

SPEAR & JACKSON, Ltd., Aetna Works, Sheffield

SPIRAL TUBE & COMPONENTS Co., Caledonian Street, King's Cross, London, N.

SPENCER MOULTON (G.) & Co., Ltd., 77-9 Cannon Street, London, E.C.

STEWART & CLARKE MFTG. Co., 11 Denmark Street, Charing Cross, London, W.

THORN & HODDLE ACETYLENE Co., Ltd., 151 Victoria Street, London, S.W.

TIMPERLEY (Chas. B.), 86b Snow Hill, Birmingham

TORMO MFTG. Co., 67 Bunhill Row, London, E.C.

UNITED MOTOR INDUSTRIES, Ltd., 45-6 Poland Street, London, W.

UNIVERSAL AVIATION Co., 166 Piccadilly, London, W.

VAN DE RADEN & Co., Ltd., Great Heath, Coventry

VANDERVELL (C. A.) & Co., Warple Way, Acton Vale, London, W.

VENESTA, Ltd., 20 Eastcheap, London, E.C.

WARWICK WRIGHT, Ltd., 110 High Street, Manchester Square, London, W.

WEBSTER & BENNETT, Ltd., Atlas Works, Coventry

WEST LONDON SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS Co., Ltd., Premier Place, High Street, Putney, London, W.

WHITELEY EXERCISER Ltd., 35-37 Southwark Bridge Road, London, S.E.

WHITEMAN & MOSS, 8 Moor Street, Cambridge Circus, London, W.C.

FRENCH.

ACIERIES DE FIRMINY, Firminy, Loire

BARDOU, CLERGET & Cie, 12 Boulevard Sebastopol, Paris

BESSONEAU, 29 Rue du Louvre, Paris

BLOT-GARNIER & CHEVALIER, 9 Rue Beudant, Paris

BORDE (I.), 99 Boulevard, Haussmann, Paris

BOREL et Cie, 11 Chemin de Pré-Gaudry, Paris

CARPENTIER (J.), 20 Rue Delamore, Paris

CHAPMAN (H.), Rue Laffitte, Paris

CACATRE, 35 Boulevard Saint-Jacques, Paris

DOUTRE (La Ste. An des Appareils d'Aviation), 58 Rue Tait bout, Paris

DUCOMET, 11 Rue d'Abbeville, Paris

GAUDET (A.), 7 Avenue de Montreuille Fontenay-sous-Bois, Seine

GIRAUD (Ainé), 49 Rue Greffulhe, Levallois-Perret

GODARD (Louis), 170 Rue Legendre, Paris

GOMES (A. C.) & Cie, 63 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris

GROSSIORD (A.), Saint-Maurice, Seine

HANNOYER (F.), 69 Avenue Parmentier, Paris

HUE (E.), 63 Rue des Archives, Paris

LADIS LEWKOWICZ, Ervauville, Loviet

LEFEBVRE & Cie, 76 Avenue de la République, Paris

LEVESQUES, Rue des Haudriettes, Paris

LUNKEN VALVE Co., 24 Boulevard Voltaire, Paris

MAXANT, 38 Rue Belgrand, Paris

MAZELLIER ET CARPENTIER, 20 Rue Delambre, Paris

PAREME (J.), 203 Rue Lafayette, Paris

PELON, 76 Avenue de la République, Paris

PELTRET & LAFAGE, 4 Rue des Rigoles, Paris

PERE (J.), 46 Boulevard Magenta, Paris

POIRELLE (Vve) & DOURDE, 4 Place Thorigny, Paris

PROTAIS, 12 Rue Montbrun, Paris

RICHARD (J.)

25 Rue Melingue, Paris
10 Rue Halevy, Paris

ROEBLING'S (J. A.) & Sons Co., Trenton, New Jersey

SCHAEFFER & BUDENBERG, 105 Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, Paris

SEEBOHM & DIECKSTAHL, 4 Rue Sanite-Ann, Paris

SOCIETE GENERALE D'APPAREILS DE CONTROLE, 105 Rue de la Convention, Paris

VALDENAIRE (H.), ADENET & Cie, 21, rue des Jeûneurs, Paris (Fabrics).

GERMAN.

BAMBERG (Carl), Berlin-Friedenau

BASSE & SELVE, Altena

BUNGE (B.), Oranienstrasse, 20 Berlin, So. 26

DEUTCHEN WAFFEN-V-MUNITIONSFABRIKEN, Dorotheenstrasse 43-41, Berlin N.W. 41

EISEMAN MAGNETO Co., 61 Rosenbergstrasse, Nuremberg.

FUESS (R.), Steglitz

HACKENSCHMIDT (Ch.), 7 Kramergasse, Strasbourg

MEA MAGNETO, S. Union Werke G.m.b.H. Feurbach-Stuttgart

SPINDLER & HOYER, Goettingue

U.S.A.

BRETZ (J. S.), & Co., Times Buildings, Byrant

BROWN & Co., 1070 Clinton St., Syracuse, New York

CALIFORNIA AERO MFTG. & SUPPLY Co., 441-3 Golden Gate Avenue, San Francisco

CHURCH AEROPLANE Co., Brooklyn, New York

DELTOUR (J.), Inc., 496th Avenue, New York

FRASSE (Peter A.) & Co., 408 Commerce Street, Philadelphia

PEDERSEN MANUFACTURING Co., 636-644, First Avenue, New York

PENNSYLVANIA RUBBER Co., Jeannette, Pa.

RUBEL (R. O.), Louisville, Ky.

RUDOLPH (W. F.), Broad Street, Pa.

SCOTT, Bros., Cadiz, Ohio

STUPAR, 9626 Erie Avenue, Chicago

WEAVER-EBLING AUTOMOBILE Co., 2230 Broadway 79th Street, New York

WITTEMANN (C. & A.), 17-19 Ocean Terrace, Staten, 1st, New York

WILLIS (E. J.) & Co., 85 Chambers Street, New York

WILSON & SILSBY, Yacht Sailmakers, Rowe's Wharf, Boston, Mass.

PACKERS AND SHIPPERS.

BRITISH.

AEROPLANE SUPPLY Co., Ltd., 111 Piccadilly, London, W.

CARBURINE. (See Gas Lighting Improvement Co.)

DRESSER & GARLE, Regent House, Regent Street, London, W.

MOUNT (J. C.) & Co., 101, Grosvenor Road, London, S.W.

FRENCH.

BRAVARD, 40 Rue de l'Arbre-Sec Lyon, Rhone

GERFAUD (C.), 26 Rue du Chateau-d-Eau, Paris

LANGSTAFF, EHRENBERG & POLLACK, 12 Rue d'Enghien, Paris

PAYSSE & Cie, 22 Rue Amperé, Paris

ITALIAN.

AMBROSSETTI (G.), 32 Via Nizza, Turin

U.S.A.

BRINE (B. S.), Transportation Co.

PATENT AGENTS (Aerial Specialists).

BELGIAN.

HAMEL (J.), Liege

WUNDERLICH & Cie., Brussels.

BRITISH.

BREWER & SONS, 35 Chancery Lane, London, W.C.

CHATWIN, HERSCHELL & Co., 253 Grays Inn Road, London, W.C.

EDWARDS (ARTHUR) & Co., Chancery Lane Station Chambers, Holborn, London, W.C.

MARKHAM & FRANCE, Dudley House, Southampton

ROGERS (F. M.) & Co., 21 Finsbury Pavement, London, E.C.

ROOTS (J. D.) & Co., Thanet House, Temple Bar, London, E.C.

STANLEY POPPLEWELL & Co., 38 Chancery Lane, London, W.C.

THOMPSON (W. P.) & Co., 285 High Holborn, London, W.C., and 6 Lord Street, Liverpool

WITHERS (J. S.) & SPOONER, 323 High Holborn, London, W.C.

FRENCH.

ARMENGAUD, Paris

BLETRY (C.), 2 Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris

BRANDON FRÉRES, Paris

DUPONT & ELLUIN, 42 Bd. Bonne-Norwelle, Paris

JOUVE (Ad), Marseilles

MESTRAL & HARLÉ, 21 rue de la Rochefoucault, Paris

PICARD, 97 Rue St. Lazare, Paris.

WEISMANN & MARX, 90 rue d'Amsterdam, Paris

GERMAN.

ANSBERT VERREITER, Berlin W. 57

BEZUGSQUELLEN-AUSKUNFTEI, Berlin.

ITALIAN.

BARZANO & ZANARDO, via Bagutta 24, Milan

SPANISH.

BOLIBAR (G.), Barcelona.

U.S.A.

EVANS (Victor J.) & Co., 724-726, Ninth St. N.W. Washington, D.C.

OWEN (Richard B.), Dept. 5, Owen Building, Washington, D.C.

PARKER (C. L.), 30 McGill Building, Washington, D.C.

PETROL.

AUSTRIAN.

LEDERER (W.) (Galizche Karpathen Petroleum A.G.), Galicia

NAPHTE UNGARISCHE, 33 Vaczi-Korut, Budapest, Hungary

RUSSIAN-AMERICAN OIL Co., 42 Zozsef, Budapest VIII., Hungary

BELGIAN.

BELGIAN BENZINE Co. (Motogazolin), Haren-Nord

MOTTAY & PISCART (Motocarline), Haren-Nord-lez-Brussels

BRITISH.

ANGLO-AMERICAN OIL Co., Ltd., 36-38 Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster, London, S.W. (Pratt's)

BOWLEYS & Son, Wellington Works, Battersea, London, S.W.

BOWRING PETROLEUM Co., Ltd., 5, Billiter Avenue, E.C.

BRITISH PETROLEUM Co., 22 Fenchurch Street, London, E.C. (Shell)

CARLESS, CAPEL & LEONARD, Hope Chemical Works, Hackney Wick, London, N.E.

GAS LIGHTING IMPROVEMENT Co., Ltd. (Carburine.)

7 Bishopsgate Street Without, London, E.C.
Royston Castle, Shore Road, Granton, Edinburgh

PETROLES DE GROSNYI (Russie) (P.G.R.), 101 Leadenhall Street, London, E.C.

BRITISH COLONIES, etc.

WILSON (J.), 119 Rue Common, Montreal, Canada

DANISH.

BEAUVAL & SAXLUND, 18 Kobmagergade, Copenhagen

MEYER & HENCKEL, 60 Kobmagergade, Copenhagen

FRENCH.

DEUTSCH (Les de) (Moto-Naptha), 50 Rue de Chateaudun, Paris

FANTO (Cie Des Petroles), 74 Rue St. Lazare, Paris

FENAILLE & DESPEAUX (Benzo Moteur), 11 Rue de Conservatoire, Paris

FIRBACK (E.), 16 Rue Violet, Paris

GERFAUD (C.), 26 Rue du Chateau-d-Eau, Paris

GRAMMONT (Raffineries) (Lesourd), Tours

GUILLAND & VALLET, 36 Chemin St. Mathieu, Lyon

LANGSTAFF, EHRENBERG & POLLACK, 12 Rue d'Enghien, Paris

LASSAILLY (L.), 12 Rue d'Oney, Vitry, Seine

LILLE, BONNIERES ET COLOMBES (Soc. Anym.) (Vaporine & Spiritol), 10 Rue des Pyramides, Paris

NAPHTE CASPIEBBE ET DE LA MER NOIRE (Société), 26 Rue Lafitte, Paris

PETROLES (Cie Generale des) (Naphtacycle), 2 Rue Fongate, Marseilles

PETROLES (Cie Industrielle des), 12 Rue Blanc, Paris

PETROLES DE BINAGADI BAKOU (Soc. des), 11 Place des Vosges, Paris

RAFFINERIE DE PETROLE DU DUNQUERQUE (ENERGIE) (Touriste), 24 Rue Joubert, Paris

RAFFINERIE DE PETROLE DU NORD, 26 Rue d'Enghien, Paris (Eoline).

ITALIAN.

ARNOLDIE (G.) & Cie, 37 Via Pavlo da Cannobis, Milan

PETROLI D'ITALIA (Soc.) (Italia), 12 Via Andegari, Milan

PETROLIO (Soc. Ital. Americana), 76 Piazzi Cinque Lampa, Genoa

ROUMANIAN.

AQUILA, Franco-Romana, Bucharest

ETOILE ROUMAINE, Bucharest

RUSSIAN.

KAISER (B.), Baku

NANOYAN & Cie, Batum

PITOEFF & Cie, Taflis

SCHIBAEFF & Cie, Baku

TER-AKOPOFF, 3 Place Isaac, St. Petersburg

SPANISH.

CATASUS & Co., 1 Colon, Barcelona

DESMARIS FRERES, 8 Rue Claire, Madrid

FOURCADEY PROVOT, 8 Calle de Fernaflor, Madrid

VILELLA, Tarragona

SWISS.

HUILES MINERALES (SOCIETE SUISSE POUR LE COMMERCE DE), Route de Frontenex, Geneva

U.S.A.

ELLIS & Co., 11 Broadway, New York

PETROLEUM OIL TRUST, 27 William Street, New York

PURE OIL Co., 11 William Street, New York

PROPELLERS.

BELGIAN.

WANSON (Maurice), 10 Rue Jean Spas, Brussels

BRITISH.

AVRO. (See Roe (A.V.) & Co.)

BENEY (R.) & Co., 7 Carlisle Street, Oxford Street, London, W.

BLACKBURN (B.), Balm Road, Leeds

BRITISH & COLONIAL AEROPLANE Co., Ltd., Bristol

BROWN Bros., Ltd., 22-34 Great Eastern Street, London, E.C.

CLARKE (T. W. K.) & Co., 26 Clarges Street, London, W.

DOVER AVIATION Co., Ltd., Dover (Normale)

GENERAL AVIATION CONTRACTORS Ltd., 30 Regent Street, London, S.W. (Rapid)

GRAHAME-WHITE (C.) & Co., Ltd., 1 Albemarle Street, Piccadilly, London, W.

HANDLEY PAGE, Ltd., 72 Victoria Street, London, S.W.

HARRIS & SAMUELS, 10 Dean Street, Oxford Street, London, W.

HOLLAND & HOLLAND, 479-483 Oxford Street, London, W.

LUDWIG LOEWE & Co., Ltd., 30-32 Farringdon Road, London, E.C.

MADISON DYNAMO ELECTRIC Co., Littleover, Derby

MACFIE (R.F.) &. Co., Norwich Union Chambers, St. James' Street, London, W.

MOTOR ACCESSORIES Co., 55 Great Marlborough Street, London, W.

PIGGOTT (Bros.) & Co., Ltd., 220-222-224 Bishopsgate, London, E.C.

ROE (A. V.) & Co., Brownsfield Mills, Manchester

SMITH & DOREY (G. H. & W. H.), Ltd., 14a Great Marlborough Street, London, W.

SPENCER & SONS (C. G.), 56a, Highbury Grove, London, N.

TWINING AEROPLANE Co., 29b Grosvenor Road, Hanwell, London, W.

WEBB, PEET & Co., Gloucester

W.B.G. (See Wilson, Bros. & Gibson)

WILSON (Bros.) & GIBSON, Twickenham (W. B. G.)

WRIGHT (Howard T.) (See Howard Wright)

WOOD (T.B.), Littleover Works, Derby

FRENCH.

APPAREILS AÉRIENS (Société de Construction D'), 36 Rue du Bois, Levallois-Perret

AVIA (Société Générale D'Industrie Aéronautique), 62 Rue de Provence, Paris

BAUDOT & PAZ, 22 Avenue de la Grande Armée, Paris

BAUJARD (Claude), 309, Faubourg Sainte-Antoine, Paris (Eola)

BREQUET (Louis), Boulevard Vauban, Douai

CHAUVIÈRE (L.), 52 Rue Servan, Paris (Integrale)

CHERVILLE (M.), 6 Place de l'Odéon, Paris.

DOREY (W.H.), 14 Rue Torricelli, Paris

DURVILLE (P. N. G.), 38 Rue Jouffroy, Paris.

EOLA (See Baugard)

ESNAULT-PELTERIE (ETABLISSEMENTS), 149 Rue de Silly, Billancourt (R.E.P.)

GODARD (Louis), 170 Rue Legendre, Paris

HELICE (E.T.M.), PARIS INGENIEUR, 17 Rue Cassette, Paris

KAPFERER (M.), 2 Avenue de Messine, Paris (Aero-propulser). (A.P.)

KOECHLIN (P.), 45 Rue Denfert-Rochereau, Boulogne, S.

LABANHIE ET RUTHER, 2 Rue de Seine, Suresnes

LETORD & NIEPCE, 15 Rue Paira et 23 Terre-Neuve, Mendon (Dargent)

LIORE, 4 bis, Rue de Cormeille, Levallois-Perret

PANHARD & LEVASSOR (Société Des Anciens Établissements), 19 Avenue D,'Ivry, Paris

PASSERAT & RADIQUET (Établissements), 127 Rue Michel-Bigot, Paris (Progressive)

PELLIAT (L.), 15 Grand Rue, Asnières (Rationnelle)

PEYZARET-PARANT, 4 bis, Rue Louis-Philippe, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris

RATMANOFF, 9 Rue Eugène-Eichenberger, Piteaux (Normale)

RÉGY FRERES (Les Fils de), 120 et 122 Rue de Javel, Paris

R. E. P. (See Esnault-Pelterie)

ROSSEL-PEUGOT, Sochaux, près Montbéliard (Doubs) (Société Anonyme des Constructions Aériennes)

TELLIER (CHANTIERS), Juvissy

THOMAS, 5 Rue des Tanneries, Paris

VINOGRADOW (MICHEL), 83 Quai d'Issy, Issy-les-Moutisn

VOISIN, 34 Quai du Point-du-Jour, Billancourt

VUITTON (LOUIS), 1 Rue Scribe, Paris

GERMAN.

ERSTE-DEUTSCHE AUTOMOBIL-FACHSCHULE, Mainz

FICHTEL & SACHS, Schweinfurt A.M.

PARSEVAL, Bitterfield

SCHLOTTER (G.A.), Dresden-A. 16

U.S.A.

AERIAL PROPELLER Co., White Plains, New York

AMERICAN PROPELLER Co., Washington, D.C. (Paragon)

BRAUNER (P.) & Co., 335-339 East 102nd Street, New York

CRAFTSMAN PERFECT PROPELLERS, 626 Erie Avenue, Chicago

DETROIT AERONAUTIC CONSTRUCTION Co., 306 Holcomb Avenue, Detroit, Michigan

DUQUET (L. G), 107 W. 36th Street, New York

GREEN (Rurl. H.), 515 Delta Buildings, Los Angeles, Cal.

HOLBROOK AERO. SUPPLY Co., Joplin, Mo.

REQUA-GIBSON, 225 West 49th Street, New York

STUPAR (M.), 9626 Erie Avenue, Chicago

WILCOX PROPELLER, Box 181 Madison Square, New York

RADIATORS.

BELGIAN.

TOLÉRIE AUTOMOBILE BELGE, 17 Rue des Boyards, Liège

BRITISH.

ALBANY MANUFACTURING Co., Willesden Junction, London, N.W.

COVENTRY MOTOR FITTING Co., Far Gasford Street, Coventry

DOHERTY MOTOR COMPONENTS, Ltd., Coventry

LAMPLOUGH & Son, Ltd., Willesden Junction, London, N.W. (Lamplough-Albany)

MOTOR RADIATOR MANUFACTURING Co.:—

Parkside, Coventry
23 Tanner Street, Bermondsey, London, S.E.

SPIRAL TUBE & COMPONENTS Co., Caledonia Street, King's Cross, London, N.

FRENCH.

ARQUEMBOURG (Louis), 157 Faubourg, Saint-Denis, Paris

BANNEVILLE, 119 Rue Saint-Maur, Paris

BARDOU (E.), 150 Rue Victor-Hugo, Levallois-Perret

BAUDIER (Ch.), 30-32 Rue Baudin, Levallois-Perret

BISIAUX, 11 Rue Petit, Paris

BONFILS, 37 Avenue de Saint-Mandé, Paris

BRACHTEN ET GALLAY, Bellegarde

CHAMPESME, 5 Rue La Vieuville, Paris

CHAROY (G.) Et Cie, 5 Boulevard Voltaire, Paris

CHAUSSON Frères, 27 Rue Malakoff, Asnieres

CHIROL & Cie, 53 Rue de Lorraine, Levallois-Perret

CHOUBERSKY (Société Anonyme des Etablissements), 20 Rue Félicien-David, Paris

COCHAUX (Emile), Deville

DARBILLY (J.), 198 Boulevard Pereire, Paris

DESNOYERS Freres, 116 Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, Paris

DURAND, GIROUX & Cie, 5 Rue Saint-Marri, Paris

ELECTRIC ACETYLENE (L.), 52 Rue Balay, Saint-Etienne

ELOY (Lucien), Rue Louis Soyer, Villemonble

ENTREPOT METALLURGIGUE (L.), 5 Passage de l'Industrie, Paris

ESTABLIE Freres et Louis Establie, 11 Quai de Valmy, Paris

FREES (De), 19 Rue de Recroy, Paris

FUREST (G.) et Cie, 32 Boulevard Henri-IV., Paris

GAY ET BOURGOENS, 53 Rue Louis-Blanc, Lyon

GOUDARD MENNESSON, 119 Rue de Montreuil, Paris

GRIMMEISEN (Ch. & G.), 5 et 7 Passage Piver, 92 Faubourg du Temple, Paris

GRENIER & MERCIER (SOCIETÉ ANONYME DES ETABLISSEMENTS), 8 Avenue de Bouvines, Paris

GROUVELLE, ARQUEMBOURG ET Cie, Rue du Moulin-Vert, Paris (Arécal)

LAEIS & Cie, 86 Rue de Villiers, Levallois-Perret

LAMBERT (P.) et Cie

109 Rue de Paris, Puteaux
36 Rue Vitruve, Paris

LE BRUN ET LECOMTE, 14 Rue Victor-Hugo, Puteaux

LIOTARD Freres, 22 Rue de Lorraine, Paris

LORTHIOY (E.), 9 Avenue du Clos, St. Maur-les-Fosses

MARCHAL (A.), 9 Rue de l'Hotel-de-Ville, Neuilly-sur-Seine

MONTBARBON (Société Anonyme), 47 bis, Rue de Villiers, Neuilly-sur-Seine (Loziano)

MONNET & MOYNE, 11 Rue Torricelli, Paris

MOREUX (G.) & Cie, 24 Rue Fromont, Lyon (G.M.)

OSSANT Freres, 29 Rue Arago, Puteaux

PRINI ET BERTHAUD, 23 Rue Servan, Paris

PROUX, Boulevard Pont-Ochard, Poitiers

RADIATORS ET RÉFRIGÉRATUERS (Société des), 54 Rue de la Chapelle, Saint-Ouen (Sans Soudure)

SCHLEY (A.) Et Cie, 204 Rue Saint-Maur (Loyal)

SERROVAL (De) Et MASSE, 17 Rue David, Lyon

TOPOLSKI, 53 Boulevard de Belleville, Paris

VIGNEAUX, 5 Rue Bacon, Paris

ITALIAN.

ALGOSTINO, BALAGNA, MAGNINO & Cia, 107 Madama Cristina, Turin

BONO & Co. (Societa Italiana), 54 Corso Porta, Vittoria, Milan

GALIMBERTI, 20 Via Senato, Milan

SPANISH.

COROMINAS (Ricardo), 45 Torrente de la Olla, Barcelona

SWISS.

HENNEBERG & DEY, à la Jonction, Geneve-Frontenex

U.S.A.

AERIAL NAVIGATION Co., of AMERICA, Girard, Kansas (Call.)

EL. ARCO Co., 6 East 31st Street, New York

KINSEY MFTG. Co., Dayton, Ohio

LIVINGSTONE RADIATOR Co., 6 East 31st Street, New York

LONG MFTG. Co., 1430 Michigan Avenue, Chicago

MAYO RADIATOR Co., New Haven, Con.

McCORD & Co., 1400 and 1440 Old Colony Buildings, Chicago

MOTOR COMPONENTS MFTG. Co., 119 E. Walnut Street, Desmoines, Iowa

ROME-TURNEY RADIATOR Co., East 31st Street, New York

WOLVERINE RADIATOR Co., 124 Sidney Avenue, Detroit, Mich.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF AEROPLANES.

Abbreviations:—Aust=Austro-Hungarian; Bel=Belgian; Brit.=British; Ger.=German; Ital.=Italian; Jap.=Japanese; Rou.=Roumanian; Rus.=Russian.

A

Aeros., Brit., 37

Aerial Exhibition Co., U.S.A., 207

Aerial Yacht Co., U.S.A., 207

Aircraft Factory "B. E." Brit., 37

Aircraft Manufacturing Co., Brit., 37

Albatross, Ger., 131

American Aeroplane Supply House, U.S.A., 207

Antoni, Ital., 172

Ask, Swede, 197

Asteria, Ital., 172

Aviatik, Ger., 133

Avro, Brit., 38

B

Baldwin, U.S.A., 208

Bayard-Clement, 87

Behueghe, Bel., 28

Benoist, U.S.A., 209

Blackburn, Brit., 40

Blair Atholl, Brit., 42

Bleriot, French, 81

Boland, U.S.A., 209

Borel, French, 83

Bracke, A. Bel., 28

Breguet, French, 84

Bristol, Brit., 42

Bronislawski, Rus., 190

Burgess, U.S.A., 210

Burgess-Curtis, U.S.A., 211

Burgess-Wright, U.S.A., 210

C

Calderara, Ital., 173

Caproni, Ital., 174

Caudron, French, 66

Chiribiri, Ital., 174

Christmas, U.S.A., 212

Clement Bayard, French, 87

Cody, Brit., 45

Cooke, U.S.A., 212

Coventry Ordnance Co., Brit., 46

Curtiss, U.S.A., 213

D

Dahlbeck, Swede., 197

D'Artois, French, 88

De Brouckere, Dutch, 28

De la Hault, Bel., 28

Deperdussin, French, 89

Donnet-Leveque, French, 90

Doutre, French, 91

Dorner, Ger., 134

Dunne, Brit., 47

Dux, Rus., 190

E

Etrich, Ger., 134

Etrich, Aust., 18

Euler, Ger., 135

Ewen, Brit., 48

F

Farman, H., French, 92

Farman, M., French, 92

Ferguson, Brit., 48

Fokker, Dutch, 72

Fokker, Ger., 136

Friuli, Ital., 175

G

Gallaudet, U.S.A., 214

Geltouchow, Rus., 190

Goedecker, Ger., 138

Goupy, French, 94

Grade, Ger., 138

Grahame-White, Brit., 49

Grandjean, Swiss., 199

Guidoni, Ital., 175

H

Handley Page, Brit., 50

Hanriot, French, 95

Hansa Taube, Ger., 138

Hanuschke, Ger., 140

Harlan, Ger., 139

Harel, Bel., 28

Howard-Flanders, Brit., 51

I

Internat. Ae. Con. Co., U.S.A., 217

J

Jatho, Ger., 140

Jeannin, Ger., 141

K

Kahnt, Ger., 141

Kennedy, Rus., 190

Kirkham, U.S.A., 215

Kondor, Ger., 142

Kuhlstein, Ger., 142

L

Lake Flying Co., Brit., 53

Loening, U.S.A., 215

Lohner-Daimler, Aust., 19

M

Mars, Ger., 143

Martinsyde, Brit., 53

McCurdy, Canada, 64

Mercep, Aust., 20

Monnier-Harper, Dutch, 72

Morane-Saulnier, French, 96

Moreau, French, 97

Mrozinski, Ger., 143

N

Narahara, Jap., 181

Nieuport, French, 98

Nyrop, Swede, 197

O

Oertz, Ger., 144

Otto, Ger., 144

P

Paulhan-Curtiss, French, 99

Pega-Emich, Ger., 145

Piggott, Brit., 54

Pippart-Noll, Ger., 145

Pischoff, French, 99

R

Radley-England, Brit., 54

Rep, French, 100

Rodjestveisky, Rus., 190

Rumpler, Ger., 146

Ruth-Rohde, Ger., 147

S

Sanchez Besa, French, 101

Savary, French, 102

Schelies, Ger., 147

Schultze, Ger., 148

Sellers, U.S.A., 215

Short, Brit., 54

Sigismund, Ger., 148

Sloan, French, 103

Sloane, U.S.A., 215

Sommer, French, 104

Sopwith, Brit., 57

T

Taddeoli, Swiss, 199

Thomas, U.S.A., 216

Tokogawa, Jap., 181

Train, French, 105

Tubavion, French, 105

U

Union Flugzeugwerke, Ger., 149

V

Van den Burg, Dutch, 72

Vickers, Brit., 58

Vinet, French, 106

Vlaiclu, Rou., 187

Voisin, French, 107

Vreedenburgh, Dutch, 72

W

Warchalowski, Aust., 21

Washington Co., U.S.A., 217

Wetterwald, Swiss, 199

White, Brit., 59

Whitehead, Aust., 21

Williams, Bel., 28

Wittemann, U.S.A., 217

Wright, Ger., 150

Wright, U.S.A., 218-219

Z

Ziegler, Ger., 150

Ziegler, Aust., 21

Zodiac, French, 108

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF DIRIGIBLES.

Adjutant Reau, French, 109 113

Adjutant Re Vincennot, French, 109 113

Astra, French, 111

Astra Torres, British, 60

Astra Torres, French, 115

Astra III, Russian, 193

Astra Transaerien-Ville de Pau-Ville de Lucerne, French, 111

Astra Ville de Pau, French, 111

Ausonia, Italian, 179

Beta, British, 60

Boemcher II, Austrian, 23

Capitaine Ferber, French, 109

Capitan Maréchal, French, 109

Citta di Milano, Italian, 177

Clement Bayard VI. French, 109

Clement Bayard, Russian, 191

Colonel Renard, French, 109 112

Commandant Coutelle, French, 109

Delta, British, 60

Deutschland, German, 151

Dupuy-de-Lôme, French, 117

Eclaireur Conté, French, 109 114

Epsilon, British, 60

Ersatz Deutschland, German, 166

Espana, Spanish, 195

Fleurus, French, 109

Forszmann, Russian, 191

Gamma, British, 60

Hausa, German, 167

Italia, Italian, 179

Jastreb, Russian, 191

Kommissiony, Russian, 191

Korting-Wimpassing, Austrian, 24

La Belgique II & III, Belgian, 29 30

Lebaudy-Juillot 6, Austrian, 23

Lebedj, Russian, 191

Leonardo da Vinci, Italian, 179

Le Temps, French, 109

Liberté, French, 109

Lieut. Chaure, French, 109 113

L I, German, 151

L II, German, 151

Le Temps, French, 122

Liberte, French, 109

M I, German, 154

M II, German, 154

M III, German, 154

M IV, German, 155

Mannsbarth, Austrian, 24

P I, German, 151

P II Ersatz, German, 151

P III, German, 151

P IV, German, 151

P. L I, German, 151

P. L 9, German, 151

P. L XII, German, 151

P. L 10, German, 151

Parseval, Austrian, 25

Parseval, British, 160

Parseval, German, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161

Parseval, Italian, 177

Parseval, Japanese, 182

Ruthenberg II, III, German, 162

Sachsen, German, 151

Schütte-Lanz I & II, German, 163

S. L I, German, 151

S. L II, German, 151

Selle de Beauchamp, French, 109

Spiess, French, 109

Stollwerck, German, 151

Suchard, German, 163

S. I. II, German, 151

Suchard, German, 151

Torres-Quevedo II, Spanish, 195

Transaerienne II, French, 113

Usuelli, Italian, 179

Vanniman, 10d

Viktoria Luise, German, 166

Ville de Bruxelles, Belgian, 30

Ville de Lucerne, French, 111

Ville de Paris, French, 110

Willows, British, 60

Yamada, Japanese, 182

Z I, German, 151

Z II, German, 151

Z III, German, 151

Z IV, German, 151

Zeppelin, German, 164, 165 166

Zodiac III, French, 120

Zodiac XII, French, 125

Contractors to the majority of leading governments of the world.

The Celebrated

Contractors to h. m. war office and admiralty.

"Bristol"

Aeroplanes.

LEARN TO FLY

AT THE
"BRISTOL SCHOOLS"
AT SALISBURY PLAIN and BROOKLANDS.

TUITION is given on all the latest type "BRISTOL" MACHINES, including:

80 H.P. MILITARY MONOPLANES.

50 H.P. MILITARY MONOPLANES.

50 H.P. SIDE-BY-SIDE SCHOOL MONOPLANES.

TRACTOR BIPLANES & SCHOOL BIPLANES.

SPECIAL FACILITIES AND REDUCED FEES TO SERVICE OFFICERS.

WRITE FOR INFORMATION:
THE BRITISH & COLONIAL AEROPLANE Co., Ltd.,
FILTON, BRISTOL, ENG.

"EMPYREAN" POLICY

INSURING PILOTS OF AEROPLANES AGAINST

FIRE & EXPLOSION.
THIRD PARTY CLAIMS.

DAMAGE DURING TRANSIT.
INJURY TO EMPLOYEES.

ACCIDENTAL DAMAGE.
INJURY TO PILOTS.

CAR & GENERAL
INSURANCE CORPORATION, LIMITED.

LIQUID ASSETS nearly £200,000.

NET INCOME, £290,000.

HEAD OFFICE:
1, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET (BANK), LONDON, E.C.

BRANCH OFFICES.

ABERDEEN—245, Union Street
BEDFORD—17, St. Paul's Square
BIRMINGHAM—Prince's Chambers, 6 Corporation Street
BRADFORD—Prudential Buildings, Ivegate
BRIGHTON—18, Queen's Road
BRISTOL—West India House, Bristol Bridge
CARDIFF—1, Bank Buildings (Ground Floor), St. Mary St.
CROYDON—52, North End
DUBLIN—33, Dawson Street
DUNDEE—14, Barrack Street
EALING—19, The Broadway
EDINBURGH—87, Shandwick Place

EXETER—28, Gandy Street
GLASGOW—163, West George Street
HANLEY—P.O. Chambers, Crown Bank
HULL—Walton Chambers, 48 Jameson Street
IPSWICH—St Mildred's Chambers, Cornhill
KENT—137-138, High Street, Bromley
LEEDS—Yorkshire Post Chambers, Albion Street
LEICESTER—1, Horsefair Street
LIVERPOOL—2, South John Street (Lord Street Corner)
LONDON, N.E.—124, High Street, Shoreditch
LONDON MID.—379, Strand, W.C.
LONDON S.—222, Great Dover Street, S.E.

LONDON S.W.—222, Great Dover Street, S.E.
LONDON W.—1, Albemarle Street, Piccadilly
MANCHESTER—1, Princess Street, Albert Square
NEWCASTLE—Pearl Buildings, Northumberland Street
NORTHAMPTON—Market Square
NOTTINGHAM—Westminster Buildings, Theatre Square
PLYMOUTH—90, Old Town Street
READING—Broadway Buildings, Station Road
RICHMOND—26, Hill Street
SHEFFIELD—King's Chambers, Angel St.
SOUTHAMPTON—Blenheim Chambers, Above Bar (the Junction)

WE ARE THE PIONEERS AND LEADERS IN ALL INSURANCE FACILITIES FOR MOTORISTS.

MORE THAN MONEY INDEMNITY.

Our 35 Branch Offices in charge of skilled Salaried Official, our Engineering Staff wholly in the service of the Corporation, our expert Claims Staff everywhere, and the fact that we are the Pioneers and Originators of all the Insurance Facilities now enjoyed by Motorists, enable us to offer something more than money indemnity; we can, and do, protect a motorist in a thousand ways, unobtainable elsewhere, by means of our experience and splendid organisation, and yet we only charge competitive rates of Premiums.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ADVERTISERS.

| PAGE
Anglo-American Oil Co., Ltd. | xii
Barbet-Massin, Popelin & Cie (France) | xi
Blackburn Aeroplane Co. | vii
Branger (France) | xiii
Bray, Gibb & Co., Ltd. | ix
British & Colonial Aeroplane Co., Ltd. | inside front cover
Burberrys' | vii
Car & General Insurance Corporation, Ltd. | ii
Coan, Robert W. | vi
Continental Tyre & Rubber Co., (Gt. Britain) Ltd. | vii
Cox, G.H. & Co., Ltd. | vi
Crosby Lockwood & Son | vi
Doutre, Appareils d'Aviation (France) | v
Drummond Bros., Ltd. | viii
Eisemann Magneto Co. | xii
Fighting Ships | xiv
"Geographia," Ltd. | vi
Hasler Co., The | viii
Howard-Flanders, L., Ltd. | xi
Hoyt Metal Company of Great Britain, Ltd. | vi
Jones Brothers, Ltd. | xi
Kemp Machine Works (U.S.A.) | xiii
Knowles Oxygen Co., Ltd. | vii
Mallinson, Wm. & Sons, Ltd. | ix
Martin & Handasyde | x
Mea Magneto Co., Ltd. | xiii
Owen, Joseph & Sons, Ltd. | xi
Piggott Bros. & Co., Ltd. | xi
Pratt's Motor Spirit | xii
Rogers Brothers | xi & xiv
Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd. | xiv
Sopwith Aviation Co. | ix
Stanley, Popplewell & Co. | vii
Thorn & Hoddle Acetylene Co., Ltd. | viii
Valdenaire, H., Adenet & Cie (France). | xiii
Vandervell, C.A. & Co. | viii
Vickers, Ltd. | xv
White & Poppe, Ltd. | vii
Whiteman & Moss, Ltd. | viii
Wolseley Tool & Motor Car Co., Ltd. | vi

CLASSIFIED INDEX OF ADVERTISERS.

Accessories. | PAGE
Anglo-American Oil Co., Ltd. | xii
Barbet-Massin, Popelin & Cie (France) | xi
Coan, Robert W. | vi
Eisemann Magneto Co. | xii
"Geographia," Ltd. | vi
Hasler Co., The | viii
Jones Brothers, Ltd. | xi
Mallinson, Wm. & Sons, Ltd. | ix
Mea Magneto Co., Ltd. | xiii
Owen, Joseph & Sons, Ltd. | xi
Piggott Brothers & Co., Ltd. | xi
Pratt's Motor Spirit | xii
Rogers Brothers | xi & xiv
Valdenaire, H., Adenet & Cie (France) | xiii
Vandervell, C.A., & Co. | viii
White & Poppe, Ltd. | vii
Whiteman & Moss, Ltd. | viii
Aeroplane Builders. |
Blackburn Aeroplane Co. | vii
British & Colonial Aeroplane Co. Ltd., | inside front cover
Doutre, Appareils d'Aviation (France) | v
Howard-Flanders, L., Ltd. | xi
Martin & Handasyde | x
Sopwith Aviation Co. | ix
Vickers, Ltd. | xv
Aluminium. |
Coan, Robert W. | vi
Aviation Garments. |
Burberrys' | vii
Bearings. |
Hoyt Metal Co., Ltd. | vi
Castings. |
Coan, Robert W. | vi
Carburettors. |
White & Poppe, Ltd. | vii
Dynamos. |
Eisemann Magneto Co. | xii
Electric Lighting. |
Vandervell, C.A., & Co. | viii
Engines. |
Kemp Machine Works (U.S.A.) | xiii
Wolseley Tool & Motor Car Co., Ltd. | vi
Fabrics. |
Barbet-Massin, Poplin & Cie (France) | xi
Continental Tyre & Rubber Co. (Gt. Britain) Ltd. | vii
Jones Brothers, Ltd. | xi
Rogers Brothers | xi & xiv
Valdenaire, H., Adenet & Cie (France) | xiii
Flying Schools. |
Blackburn Aeroplane Co. | vii
British & Colonial Aeroplane Co. Ltd., | inside front cover
Doutre, Appareils d'Aviation (France) | v
Howard-Flanders, L., Ltd. | xi
Martin & Handasyde | x
Sopwith Aviation Co. | ix
Vickers, Ltd. | xv
Garage. |
Cox, G.H. & Co., Ltd. | vi
Hangar and Shed Builders. |
Piggott Bros. & Co., Ltd. | xi
Hardwoods. |
Mallinson, William & Sons | ix
Owen, Joseph & Sons, Ltd. | xi
Hydrogen. |
Knowles Oxygen Co. | vii
Indicators. |
Hasler Co., The | viii
Insurance. |
Bray, Gibb & Co., Ltd. | ix
Car & General Insurance Corporation, Ltd. | ii
Life Saving Vests. |
Rogers Brothers | xi & xiv
Machine Tools. |
Drummond Bros. Ltd. | viii
Magnetos. |
Eisemann Magneto Co. | xii
Mea Magneto Co., Ltd. | xiii
Maps (specially designed). |
"Geographia," Ltd. | vi
Motor Spirit. |
Anglo-American Oil Co., Ltd. | xii
Pratt's Motor Spirit | xii
Patent Agents. |
Stanley, Popplewell & Co. | vii
Photographer. |
Branger (France) | xiii
Publishers. |
Crosby Lockwood & Son | vi
"Geographia," Ltd. | vi
Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd. | xiv
Stabilisateurs. |
Doutre, Appareils d'Aviation | v
Tuition. |
Blackburn Aeroplane Co. | vii
British & Colonial Aeroplane Co. Ltd., | inside front cover
Doutre, Appareils d'Aviation (France) | v
Howard-Flanders, L., Ltd. | xi
Martin & Handasyde | x
Sopwith Aviation Co. | ix
Vickers, Ltd. | xv
Welding. |
Thorn & Hoddle Acetylene Co., Ltd. | viii

ECOLE MILITAIRE DE CORBEAULIEU.
ECOLE MILITAIRE DE CORBEAULIEU.
STABILISATEUR DOUTRE.
STABILISATEUR DOUTRE.
AÉROPLANE DOUTRE.
AÉROPLANE DOUTRE.

BIPLANS TRIPLACES
les mieux construits, les plus surs et automatiquement stabilisés
ECOLE CIVILE ET MILITAIRE Aerodrome de Corbeaulieu près Compiègne France.

Sté des APPAREILS d'AVIATION DOUTRE
Fournisseurs des armées Françaises et Etrangires.

LE SUEL STABILISATEUR AUTOMATIQUE PESANT TOUT ÉQUIPÉ DOUZE À QUINZE KILOGS ET AYANT FAIT SES PREUVES PAR PLUS DE DEUX MILLE VOLS SANS ACCIDENT. APPLICABLE À TOUS LES AÉROPLANES ET HYDROAÉROPLANES.

SÉCURITÉ ABSOLUE, VOL PAR TOUS LES TEMPS.

CATALOGUE FRANCO SUR DEMANDE - FETTERER DIRECTEUR GÉNÉRAL. 58 RUE TAITBOUT. PARIS. TÉLÉPH CENTRAL 37-53.

Aluminium Castings
FOR MOTORS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION,
2 H.P. to 200 H.P.

CAST ALUMINIUM MOTOR
NUMBER PLATES
(Regulation Size).

BRIGHT POLISHED FIGURES AND BEADED EDGES, WITH DEAD BLACK BACK GROUND.

LA.1742

R·5077

Send for particulars of my new COMBINED TOURING PLATE (Reg.)

Telegrams: "KRANKASES," ISLING, LONDON.    Telephones: 3846 City. 4879 Central.

Coan
Casts
Clean
Crank
Cases

ON ADMIRALTY AND WAR OFFICE LISTS.
ROBERT W. COAN,
THE ALUMINIUM FOUNDRY,
219, GOSWELL ROAD, E.C.

WOLSELEY
LIGHT
Aero Motors
60 H.P. and 120 H.P. (water cooled).
60-80 H.P. (combined air and water cooled.)

Catalogue free on application to
THE WOLSELEY TOOL AND MOTOR CAR Co., Ltd.

Proprietors: VICKERS, Limited, ADDERLEY PARK, BIRMINGHAM.

"Geographia," Ltd.
33, STRAND, W.C.

SPECIALISTS IN AVIATION ACCESSORIES.
Alexander Cross - ANTI-DRIFT COMPASS
Alexander Cross - BEARING FINDER
Alexander Cross - MAP CASE
"GEOGRAPHIA" BAROGRAPHS and HEIGHT
RECORDERS.
MAPS FOR AVIATORS DRAWN TO ORDER.
AVIATION MAPS FROM AERODROME TO AERODROME ALWAYS IN STOCK.

ASK FOR ILLUSTRATED PRICE LIST.
Telegraphic Address:—"Geografo, London."
Telephone 4965 City.

G. H. Cox & Co., Ltd.

CASTLE ROAD,
SOUTHSEA,
:: HANTS. ::

LARGEST GARAGE IN ::
THE SOUTH OF ENGLAND.

HOYT METAL CO. LONDON THE FORMER UNREGISTERABLE BRAND ICE - INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE REG. LINING METAL HOYT METAL CO. COPPER HARDENED. HAS BEEN ABANDONED TO IMITATORS. TRIAL INGOTS CHEERFULLY SUPPLIED.

RECENT||RECORDS:
A.B.C. (AERO) 45 H.P. ENGINE—8 HRS. 23 MIN.
TALBOT 25 H.P. CAR—103¾ MILES IN 1 HOUR.
PEUGEOT 30 H.P. CAR—106-1/5 MILES IN 1 HOUR.

DIE-CAST BEARINGS
FOR REPETITION WORK.

THE HOYT METAL CO.
OF GREAT BRITAIN, LIMITED.
26, BILLITER STREET, LONDON, E.C.

TWO IMPORTANT BOOKS ON AVIATION.
180 Pages, with Diagrams. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
THE AVIATION POCKET BOOK for 1913.
Containing amongst other valuable information, the Theory and Design of the Aeroplane, Structural
Material, Examples of Actual Machines, &c., &c.

By R. BORLASE MATTHEWS, A.M.I.C.E., M.I.E.E., Member of the Royal Aero Club.

CONTENTS: Air Pressure and Resistance—Aeroplane Theory and Design—Structural Materials—Engines—Examples
of Actual Machines—Piloting and Aerial Navigation—Meteorological Data—Military Information
and Signalling—Aero Clubs and Societies—Glossary of Terms used in Flying.

Extract from Reviews: "... a large amount of information is included in these various chapters and the
diagrams and curves used to illustrate the texture some of the plainest and most easily understood that we have ever seen
in a book of this class ... generally speaking the data given would appear just such as are not contained in other
books of reference."—Engineer.

"The Book is one which we are sure many will find useful and convenient."—Engineering.

Popular Edition. 294 pages. 95 Illustrations and Dimensioned Drawings. Demy 8vo. cloth 5s. net.
THE ART OF AVIATION.
A Handbook upon Aeroplanes and their Engines, with Notes upon Propellers.
By R. W. A. BREWER, A.M.I.C.E., M.I.M.E., &c.
"... Those who for the present have no intention of trusting themselves on the wings of an aeroplane will still find
the book of value; those who already are engrossed in the study of aeronautics cannot afford to ignore it."—Engineering.

Complete List, Post Free, from

London: CROSBY LOCKWOOD & SON,
7, Stationer's Hall Court, E.C., & 5, Broadway, Westminster, S.W.

Dependability

In carburettors there is no greater essential than dependability, and—

The dependability of the White & Poppe is such as ensures a never-failing and invariable efficiency.

That's why it is the favourite with many of the leading Airmen of the day.

Our Booklet describes it fully, and we shall be delighted to send you copy.

WHITE & POPPE, LTD.,
COVENTRY,
ENG.

White & Poppe Carburettor

Burberry Aeroplane Outfit. Burberry Aeroplane Outfit.

BURBERRY

AEROPLANE
EQUIPMENT.

DESIGNED BY EXPERTS is workmanlike both in design and detail, and permits absolute freedom for arms and limbs. Made in wind and weatherproof Gabardine, lined throughout with Camel Fleece or Quilted Eiderdown, it maintains phenomenal warmth under the severest conditions.

BURBERRY GABARDINE is remarkably airylight, yet affords perfect protection against wind, cold or rain, and is so strong that broken stays cannot penetrate its dense texture.

Mr. C. Grahame-White:—"I take this opportunity of thanking you for the suit I wore on my memorable flight and feel I cannot recommend the material too highly where warmth and comfort are required."

BURBERRYS

Haymarket, S.W., LONDON;
Boulevard Malesherbes, PARIS;
Basingstoke and appointed Agents in Provincial Towns.

SPECIFY
"Continental"
RUBBER-PROOFED
MATERIAL.
IT COMBINES
MAXIMUM RESISTANCE
WITH
ENORMOUS STRENGTH,
AND IS UNAFFECTED BY
ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS.
WRITE FOR LIST, FREE ON REQUEST.

Continental Tyre & Rubber Co. (Gt. Britain) Ld.
¾, THURLOE PLACE, LONDON, S.W.

BLACKBURN
AEROPLANES,
HYDROPLANES
AND
PROPELLERS.

Write for Prices and Particulars to

THE BLACKBURN AEROPLANE Co.,

'Phone,
2822 Central.

BALM RD., LEEDS.

Telegrams: "PROPELLERS," Leeds.

HYDROGEN

GUARANTEED 99% PURE.
LIFTS 70½ LBS. PER 1000 CUBIC FT.

THE
KNOWLES OXYGEN Co.
LIMITED,
WOLVERHAMPTON
AND
BROMBOROUGH (CHESHIRE).

PATENTS.

Stanley, Popplewell & Co.,

INTERNATIONAL AND - -
CHARTERED PATENT AGENTS.

38, CHANCERY LANE,
LONDON, W.C.

Aero and Motor Patents a Specialty.

Instructive leaflet free to any address.

Telephone, 1763 Central
Telegrams: "NOTIONS, London."

Estab. 1879.

Light treadle driven Radial Drill, taking up to 1 in. drills (½ in. shank.) This machine is of special design, a patented form of high speed drive giving ample power for drilling by foot. With treadle and fast and loose pulley. Price £24 15s.

We specialise in Light Machine Tools for use in portable workshops, such as are used in connection with aircraft. The above is a photograph of a Travelling Workshop equipped with our 5 in. lathe and Radial Drill, both of which tools are fitted with treadle and electric motor drive. Full particulars of machines and installations furnished on application.

5 in. Centre Screw Cutting, Surfacing and Boring Lathe here shewn, with counter shaft for power. With counter shaft or treadle drive. Price £44.

Also 4 in., 3½ in., 6 in., 7½ in., 9 in. lathes, etc.

DRUMMOND BROS. LTD.,

REDE WORKS,
GUILDFORD, SURREY.

'Phone 153, Guildford. Telegrams: "Lathes, Stoughton."

"TEL" REVOLUTION SPEED INDICATORS.
Approved and used by the British Admiralty.

Owing to its conjugate movement it is accurate, possesses a uniform graduated dial and is not affected by vibration or variation of temperature.

Indicates with the same accuracy high and low speeds.

Independent of variable strains, friction.

Not damaged should maximum speed of dial be exceeded.

Rain and dust-proof.

Requires no upkeep or adjustment of mechanism.

Tel.
431
Victoria.

THE HASLER COMPANY,
26, Victoria St., Westminster, LONDON, S.W.

C·A·V·

is the proved system of electric Lighting for Cars. The consistent reliability and efficiency of the C.A.V. Lighting Sets is vouched for by the owners of the 15,000 cars on which the system has been adopted. It is essentially the "no trouble" system; simple, safe and certain. Send for our illustrated Blue Book, fully explanatory and free.

C. A. VANDERVELL & Co.,
WARPLE WAY, ACTON VALE,
LONDON, W.

Telephones:
1234 Chiswick
     (5 LINES)

Telegrams:
 "Vanteria,"
 London.

Whiteman & Moss, Ltd.
15, BATEMAN STREET,
DEAN STREET, W.,
LONDON, England.
Telephone Gerrard 6824.   Telegrams: Whitomoss

Codes
{
Premier.
Lieber.
A.B.C. 5th Edition.

Speciality:
WIRE STRAINERS, EYEBOLTS, FERRULES, ETC.
SCREWED WORK FOR ALL PURPOSES.
Accuracy & Promptitude

SPÉCIALITÉ
de Passoires en toile métallique. de tire-fonds,
de Viroles, etc.
Objets filetés en tous genres.
PRÉCISION et RAPIDITÉ.

THE LEADING
AIRCRAFT BUILDERS

ALL use the
"INCANTO"

(LOW PRESSURE)
OXY-ACETYLENE
WELDING
APPLIANCES.

SOLE MANUFACTURERS
THORN & HODDLE ACETYLENE CO. LTD.
151 VICTORIA ST.
LONDON, S.W.

INSURANCE.
The Primus Aviation Policy at Lloyd's
OFFICIALLY APPROVED BY
THE ROYAL AERO CLUB.

For Advice on:—

AVIATION, LIFE, PERSONAL ACCIDENT,
3rd PARTY, EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY,
MOTOR, and all Classes of Insurance
communicate with
BRAY, GIBB & Co., Ltd.,
166, PICCADILLY,
LONDON, W.

Telegrams—"SOPWITH KINGSTON."     Telephone—1177, KINGSTON.

SOPWITH AVIATION Co.

THE SOPWITH MACHINES hold the British RECORDS for:
DURATION . . . 8 hours 23 minutes.
ALTITUDE . . . . . 11,450 feet.

Undergoing War Office Tests, the SOPWITH 80 h.p. TRACTOR BIPLANE gave better results than any aeroplane of whatever nationality previously tested.

OFFICES AND WORKS:
CANBURY PARK ROAD, KINGSTON ON THAMES.

CONTRACTORS
TO THE
ADMIRALTY.

MANUFACTURERS
OF
AEROPLANES
AND
HYDRO-AEROPLANES

HARDWOODS FOR AEROPLANES.

UNEQUALLED FACILITIES FOR SUPPLYING PERFECT TIMBER.
SPECIAL SKILL AND GREAT EXPERIENCE DEVOTED TO ORDERS FOR AEROPLANE WOODS.
ALL KINDS OF HARDWOODS IN PLANKS, OR CUT AND PLANED TO SIZE.

Testimonials from successful Aviators.

WILLIAM MALLINSON & SONS, Limited,
TIMBER & VENEER MERCHANTS (Direct Importers & Exporters),
130-138, Hackney Road, LONDON, N.E.

Telegrams: "ALMONER," LONDON.

Telephone: 4770 LONDON WALL (2 Lines)
P.O. 3845 CENTRAL.

CORRESPONDENCE IN ANY LANGUAGE.

PARIS: 7, Rue Titon.

ROTTERDAM: 22 Westzeeddijh.

THE "MARTINSYDE"
120 H.P. TWO-SEATER, MILITARY TYPE MONOPLANE.
Fuel Capacity for 6 HOURS' FLIGHT, at 85 miles per hour.

Messrs. Martin & Handasyde,
—— BROOKLAND AVIATION GROUND, ——
WEYBRIDGE, SURREY, ENGLAND.

Telegraphic & Cable Address:
"MARTINSYDE, WEYBRIDGE."

Telephone No.
171 BYFLEET.

CONTRACTORS TO THE WAR OFFICE.

"AVIATOR" RAMIE FABRICS
FOR AEROPLANES AND DIRIGIBLE BALLOONS.

Indisputably the strongest, most durable and efficient of all known fabrics, and consequently adopted by H.M. War Office, and the leading Aircraft Constructors of the Universe.

Manufactured from China Grass by
La Maison Esnault-Pelterie (Paris)
Barbet-Massin, Popelin & Cie, Succrs.
Contractors to the French Government.
Sole agents for the United kingdom, British Colonies, and United States of America—

ROGERS BROTHERS,
Telephone: CENTRAL, 12164.
Telegrams and Cables: "EGYPTILLO, LONDON."
A.B.C. Code Used, 5th Edition.

33, ALDERMANBURY,
LONDON, E.C.

Write for Patterns and
Particulars.

Cables and Telegrams: "PIGGOTT, LONDON."   A.B.C. Code. 5th Edition.   Telephone No. London Wall 4850 (Private Exchange).
PIGGOTT BROTHERS & CO., LIMITED.

Portable Canvas Aeroplane Sheds on Hire, for Prize Contests, Flying Meetings, etc.

As used for the Gordon Bennett and "Daily Mail" Contests, Military Manvres, 1911, and the Flying Meetings at

Doncaster, Burton-on-Trent, Folkestone, etc., etc.

Photo showing row of Canvas Sheds as erected at Brooklands for the Royal Aero Club, July, 1911.
Photo showing row of Canvas Sheds as erected at Brooklands for the Royal Aero Club, July, 1911.

Large Stock of Goods for Hire at Prize Contests, Flying Meetings, etc., Judges' Boxes, Pylons, Ropes and Stakes for course, Canvas Fencing, Signal Masts, etc., etc.

220, 222, 224, BISHOPSGATE, LONDON, E.C.

Telephone 3811 HOP.———Telegrams: "BUCHERON."
Joseph Owen & Sons, Limited,
SUPPLY EVERY DESCRIPTION OF
——TIMBER——
FOR
Aeroplanes, Hydroplanes, Airships.

SEND YOUR ENQUIRIES TO
199a, BOROUGH HIGH STREET, LONDON, SE.

FLANDERS
MONOPLANES & BIPLANES
—For Land or Water.—

L. HOWARD-FLANDERS, LIMITED,
31, Townshend Terrace,
RICHMOND, Surrey.

EISEMANN
DYNAMO

Although designed for use with accumulators—gives results without damaging filaments without the use of accumulators. Perfectly automatic in action. Used on the Zeppelin.

Types 8 volts 9 amps.
12 volts 15-20 amps.

Eisemann Automatic Advance Magneto

Used on the Mercedes—Gnome—Schutte Lanz—Dixi, etc., etc. Entirely weatherproof—advances and retards the spark periodicity according to engine revolutions. Latest models as used on above engines both single and dual.

Fullest Particulars on hearing from you.
THE EISEMANN MAGNETO Co.
43, Berners Street, W.

Telegrams:—
Roussillon-ox, London.
Telephone 4601 City.
A.B.C. Code 5th Edition.

C. D. C.

The Aircraft of the World
perform best on the best Spirit. The rapidly growing

Preference for PRATT'S

Perfection Motor Spirit

among airmen is a repetition of history. In Motoring, on the Road, the consistent Purity and Reliability—the sheer, hard, practical Service of "Miles to the Gallon" has long established PRATT'S as the premier Motor Spirit.

"In Earth and Skie and Sea"—PRATT'S first shall be!
By Appointment
By Appointment

In the Air, as on the Road, PRATT'S is "THE MOVING SPIRIT OF THE AGE!"

Telegraphic Address: "JONBRO," MANCHESTER.

JONES BROTHERS

LIMITED,
Spinners & Manufacturers,
12, YORK STREET,
Manchester.

BEDFORD NEW MILLS, LEIGH, LANCASHIRE.
BEDFORD NEW MILLS,
LEIGH, LANCASHIRE.

THE "AERO"
Cotton Fabrics
for Aeroplanes.

H. VALDENAIRE,
ADENET & Cie.
PARIS—21, Rue des Jeuneurs—PARIS.

TISSUS
DE GRANDE RÉSISTANCE

FOURNISSEURS HABITUELS des PRINCIPALES MARQUES d'AVIATION et d'AEROSTATION

KEMP MOTORS

Are air cooled and are the most efficient, economical and reliable power plants on the market sold at reasonable prices. Built in four sizes to meet all requirements from experimental purposes to commercial use.
FULL PARTICULARS ON REQUEST.

KEMP MACHINE WORKS,
MUNCIE, INDIANA, U.S.A.

"AFTER 13 HOURS UNDER WATER"

THE MEA THE MEA

(The Magneto with the Bell-shaped Magnet)
RAN PERFECTLY.

"One of your Magnetos delivered to us last year has had a severe test, proving it to be absolutely waterproof. It was fitted to an engine in a motor boat, which towards 7 p.m. ran full of water: next morning about 9 a.m. we pumped her dry, and, after your magneto had been about 13 hours under water, it was found to be in perfect working order, and the engine started up without a hitch."

MEA MAGNETO CO., LTD.,

Telephone: 2580 Regent.
Telegrams: "Meabermet, Ox. London"

GRESSE BUILDINGS, STEPHEN STREET,
TOTTENHAM COURT RD., LONDON, W.

LONDON AGENTS: B. M. FAIR & CO., 3. GREAT WINCHESTER STREET, E.C.   C.D.C.

BRANGER,
Aerial Photographer,
5, Rue Cambon, 5
PARIS.

"Fighting Ships"
NAVAL ANNUAL
FOR 1913.
Founded and Edited by FRED T. JANE,
Founder & Editor "ALL THE WORLD'S AIRCRAFT."

PLANS, PHOTOGRAPHS, AND ALL DETAILS
OF EVERY WARSHIP IN THE WORLD.

The details of 13 Navies are officially revised by order of their respective Ministers of Marine; 3 others semi-official.

SPECIAL ARTICLE ON "MARINE ENGINEERING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES," by
C. de GRAVE SELLS, M. Inst. C.E.

LONDON: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & Co., Ltd.

THE "MASCOT"
RAMIE-FIBRE, ROT-PROOF
Life-Saving Vest LIFE-SAVING VEST

Stocked by the Leading Stores in all Countries, or can be purchased direct from the Inventors and Sole Manufacturers—

ROGERS BROTHERS,

Manufacturers of "Aeroplatte" All-British Aircraft Fabrics, and the "Aeromac" Water-proof Garments

33, ALDERMANBURY, LONDON, E.C. Send post-card for full particulars.

Telephone, Central, 12164
Telegrams & Cables: "EGYPTILLO, London."
A B C Code used. 5th Edition.

VICKERS LIMITED.

AVIATION
SCHOOL:
Brooklands.

Thorough Tuition from slow Biplanes to fast Monoplanes.

Special Terms to Naval and Military Officers.

Aviation School:
Brooklands.

"VICKERS-LEVASSEUR"
Air Screws.

Built up in superposed layers, of the finest quality of thoroughly seasoned hardwoods, pegged & glued together.

Testing Ground:
Joyce Green,
Nr. Dartford.

AEROPLANES.
All steel-framed Monoplanes, Biplanes & Hydro-planes.
AVIATION DEPARTMENT:
VICKERS HOUSE, BROADWAY, WESTMINSTER, S.W.

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JANE'S ALL THE WORLD'S AIRCRAFT. 1913 ***

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