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Title: A Popular History of France from the Earliest Times

Author: François Guizot

Editor: David Widger

Illustrator: Alphonse Marie de Neuville

Translator: Robert Black

Release date: May 19, 2009 [eBook #28879]
Most recently updated: November 11, 2023

Language: English

Credits: Produced by David Widger

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A POPULAR HISTORY OF FRANCE FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES ***

A History of France From the Earliest Times

Francois Pierre Guillaume GUIZOT

Over 400 Steel Engravings and Woodcuts

Illustrated by A. De Neuville

Translated by Robert Black

AN ON-LINE INDEX

Edited by David Widger

Project Gutenberg Editions

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CONTENTS

Click on the ## before each title to go directly to a
linked index of the detailed chapters and illustrations

##  Antiquity to 1100

##  1100 to 1380

##  1380 to 1515

##  1515 to 1589

##  1589 to 1715

##  1715 to 1789

VOLUMES, CHAPTERS AND STORIES

Antiquity to 1100

EXTRACT FROM LETTER TO THE PUBLISHERS.

A POPULAR HISTORY OF FRANCE

CHAPTER I. | GAUL.
CHAPTER II. | THE GAULS OUT OF GAUL.
CHAPTER III. | THE ROMANS IN GAUL.
CHAPTER IV. | GAUL CONQUERED BY JULIUS CAESAR.
CHAPTER V. | GAUL UNDER ROMAN DOMINION.
CHAPTER VI. | ESTABLISHMENT OF CHRISTIANITY IN GAUL.
CHAPTER VII. | THE GERMANS IN GAUL.—THE FRANKS AND CLOVIS.
CHAPTER VIII. | THE MEROVINGIANS.
CHAPTER IX. | THE MAYORS OF THE PALACE. THE PEPINS.
CHAPTER X. | CHARLEMAGNE AND HIS WARS.
CHAPTER XI. | CHARLEMAGNE AND HIS GOVERNMENT.
CHAPTER XII. | DECAY AND FALL OF THE CARLOVINGIANS.
CHAPTER XIII. | FEUDAL FRANCE AND HUGH CAPET.
CHAPTER XIV. | THE CAPETIANS TO THE TIME OF THE CRUSADES.
CHAPTER XV. | CONQUEST OF ENGLAND BY THE NORMANS.
CHAPTER XVI.     | THE CRUSADES, THEIR ORIGIN AND THEIR SUCCESS.

List of Illustrations:

Ideal Landscape of Ancient Gaul——13

Gyptis Presenting the Goblet to Euxenes——17

A Tribe of Gauls on an Expedition——27

The Gauls in Rome——39

The Women Defending the Cars——58

The Roman Army Invading Gaul——61

Mounted Gauls——66

Vercingetorix Surrenders to Caesar——81

Gaul Subjugated by the Romans——83

From La Croix Rousse——86

Eponina and Sabinus Hidden in a Vault——97

Druids Offering Human Sacrifices——111

The Huns at the Battle of Chalons——135

"Thus Didst Thou to the Vase of Soissons."——139

Battle of Tolbiacum——144

The Sluggard King Journeying——156

"Thrust Him Away, Or Thou Diest in his Stead."——160

The Execution of Brunehaut——175

The Battle of Tours——193

"The Arabs Had Decamped Silently in the Night."——195

Charlemagne at the Head of his Army——212

Charlemagne Inflicting Baptism Upon the Saxons——215

The Submission of Wittikind——218

Death of Roland at Roncesvalles——227

Charlemagne and the General Assembly——239

Charlemagne Presiding at the School of The Palace——246

He Remained There a Long While, and his Eyes Were Filled With Tears.——255

Paris Besieged by the Normans——259

The Barks of the Northmen Before Paris——260

Count Eudes Re-entering Paris Right Through the Besiegers- —-262

Ditcar the Monk Recognizing The Head of Morvan——273

Hugh Capet Elected King——300

"Who Made Thee King?"——302

Gerbert, Afterwards Pope Sylvester Ii——304

Notre Dame——310

Knights and Peasants——312

Robert Had a Kindly Feeling for the Weak and Poor——313

"The Accolade."——324

Normans Landing on English Coast——353

William the Conqueror Reviewing his Army——357

Edith Discovers the Body of Harold——360

"God Willeth It!"——383

The Four Leaders of the First Crusade——385

The Assault on St. Jean D'acre——386

1100 to 1380

CHAPTER XVII. | THE CRUSADES, THEIR DECLINE AND END.
CHAPTER XVIII. | THE KINGSHIP IN FRANCE.
CHAPTER XIX. | THE COMMUNES AND THE THIRD ESTATE.
CHAPTER XX. | THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR.—PHILIP VI. AND JOHN II.
CHAPTER XXI. | THE STATES—GENERAL OF THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY.
CHAPTER XXII.     | THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR.—CHARLES V.

List of Illustrations:

Richard's Farewell to the Holy Land——10

Preaching the Second Crusade——13

Defeat of the Turks——16

The Christians of the Holy City Defiling Before Saladin.——28

Richard Coeur de Lion Having the Saracens Beheaded.——37

St. Louis Administering Justice——46

Sire de Joinville——55

The Death of St. Louis——64

Louis the Fat on an Expedition——69

Battle of Bouvines——81

Death of de Montfort——104

De La Marche's Parting Insult——126

St. Louis Mediating Between Henry III. And his Barons—— 136

"It is Rather Hard Bread."——146

The Sicilian Vespers——156

The Town and Fortress of Lille——164

The Battle of Courtrai——167

Colonna Striking the Pope——185

The Hanging of Marigny——200

The Peasants Resolved to Live According To Their
Own Inclinations and Their Own Laws——209

Insurrection in Favor of the Commune at Cambrai——214

Burghers of Laon——220

The Cathedral of Laon——233

Homage of Edward Iii. To Philip Vi.——250

Van Artevelde at his Door——264

"See! See!" She Cried——283

Statue of James Van Artevelde——296

Queen Philippa at the Feet of The King——314

John II., Called the Good——318

"Father, Ware Right! Father, Ware Left!"——326

Charles the Bad, King of Navarre, in Prison——335

The Louvre in the Fourteenth Century——336

Stephen Marcel——342

The Murder of the Marshals——345

"In his Hands the Keys of The Gates."——354

Charles V.——371

Big Ferre——376

Bertrand Du Guesclin——388

Putting the Keys on Du Guesclin's Bier——407

1380 to 1515

CHAPTER XXIII. | THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR—CHARLES VI. AND THE DUKES OF BURGUNDY
CHAPTER XXIV. | THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR.—CHARLES VII. AND JOAN OF ARC (1422-1461)
CHAPTER XXV. | LOUIS XI. (1461-1483.)
CHAPTER XXVI. | THE WARS OF ITALY.— CHARLES VIII. (1483-1498.)
CHAPTER XXVII.    | THE WARS IN ITALY.—LOUIS XII. (1498-1515.)

List of Illustrations

Hotel de Ville Bourges——frontispiece

The Procession Went over the Gates——16

"Thou Art Betrayed."——26

Charles Vi. And Odette——71

Murder of the Duke Of Orleans——38

Death of Valentine de Milan——45

John the Fearless——51

Already Distressed——57

"Into the River!"——77

The Body of Charles VI. Lying in State——84

Portrait of Joan Of Arc——85

Joan of Arc in Her Father's Garden——91

Chinon Castle——95

Joan Entering Orleans——104

Herself Drew out the Arrow——109

Joan Examined in Prison——128

Philip the Good of Burgundy——144

The Constable Made his Entry on Horseback——150

Agnes Sorel——175

Jacques Coeur——165

Jacques Coeur's Hostel at Bourges——169

Louis XI. And Burgesses Waiting for News——193

Charles the Rash——203

Louis XI. And Charles the Rash at Peronne——209

Philip de Commynes——217

The Corpse of Charles the Rash Discovered——236

Louis XI. At his Devotions——255

Views of the Castle Of Plessis-les-tours——258

Louis XI——260

Charles VIII.——263

Anne de Beaujeu——264

Meeting Between Charles VIII., and Anne of Brittany——282

Charles VIII.——293

Battle of Fornovo——303

Castle of Amboise——308

Louis XII——310

Bayard——315

States General at Tours——329

Battle of Agnadello——334

Cardinal D'amboise——347

Chaumont D'amboise——350

Bayard's Farewell——358

Gaston de Foix——364

1515 to 1589

CHAPTER XXVIII. | FRANCIS I. AND CHARLES V.
CHAPTER XXIX. | FRANCIS I. AND THE RENAISSANCE.
CHAPTER XXX. | FRANCIS I. AND THE REFORMATION.
CHAPTER XXXI. | HENRY II. (1547-1559.)
CHAPTER XXXII. | FRANCIS II., JULY 10, 1559—DECEMBER 5, 1560.
CHAPTER XXXIII. | CHARLES IX. AND THE RELIGIOUS WARS. (1560-1574.)
CHAPTER XXXIV.     | HENRY III. AND THE RELIGIOUS WARS. (1574-1589.)

List of Illustrations

Cardinal Ximenes——14

All Night A-horseback——19

Bayard Knighting Francis I——19

Leo X.——21

Anthony Duprat——24

Charles V——39

Francis I. Surprises Henry Viii.——44

The Field of the Cloth Of Gold——45

The Constable de Bourbon——53

The Death of Bayard——76

Capture of Francis I.——91

Louise of Savoy and Marguerite de Valois——102

Francis I.——115

The Duke of Orleans and Charles V.——128

Claude de Lorraine, Duke of Guise——130

Francis I.——137

St. Thomas Aquinas and Abelard——140

Clement Marot——162

Francis I. Waits for Robert Estienne——168

Rabelais——171

The First Protestants——178

The Castle of Pau——183

William Farel——181

Burning of Reformers at Meaux——188

Erasmus——194

Berquin Released by John de La Barre——198

Heretic Iconoclasts——201

Massacre of the Vaudians——218

Calvin——222

Gallery Henry Ii——230

Anne de Montmorency——235

Henry Ii.——235

Diana de Poitiers——243

Guise at Metz——244

Francis Ii. And Mary Stuart Love Making——251

Catherine De' Medici (in Her Young Days)——255

Joust Between Henri Ii. And Count de Montgomery——268

Francis Ii——269

Mary Stuart——270

Death of La Renaudie——283

Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condo——285

Mary Stuart——284

Coligny at the Death-bed of Francis Ii.——295

Francis de Lorraine, Duke of Aumale and Of Guise——302

Massacre of Protestants—-305

The Duke of Guise Waylaid—-315

Conde at the Ford—-328

Henry of Lorraine (duke Of Guise)——332

Parley Before the Battle of Moncontour——337

Admiral Gaspard de Coligny——346

Charles Ix. And Catherine De' Medici——354

Henry de Guise and the Corpse of Coligny——369

The Queen of Navarre and the Huguenot——372

Chancellor Michael de L'hospital——376

The St. Bartholomew——383

Henry Iii——388

Indolence of Henry Iii—-390

Henry Le Balafre——400

The Castle of Blois——428

Henry Iii. and the Murder of Guise——437

Henry of Navarre and the Scotch Guard——448

1589 to 1715

CHAPTER XXXV. | HENRY IV., PROTESTANT KING. (1589-1593.)
CHAPTER XXXVI. | HENRY IV., CATHOLIC KING. (1593-1610.)
CHAPTER XXXVII. | REGENCY OF MARY DE' MEDICI. (1610-1617.)
CHAPTER XXXVIII.    | LOUIS XIII., CARDINAL RICHELIEU, AND THE COURT.
CHAPTER XXXIX. | LOUIS XIII., CARDINAL RICHELIEU, AND THE PROVINCES.
CHAPTER XL. | LOUIS XIII., RICHELIEU--CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS.
CHAPTER XLI. | LOUIS XIII., CARDINAL RICHELIEU, AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
CHAPTER XII. | LOUIS XIII., RICHELIEU, AND LITERATURE.
CHAPTER XLIII. | LOUIS XIV., THE FRONDE--CARDINAL MAZARIN.
CHAPTER XLIV. | LOUIS XIV., HIS WARS AND HIS CONQUESTS. 1661-1697.
CHAPTER XLV. | LOUIS XIV., HIS WARS AND HIS REVERSES. (1697-1713.)
CHAPTER XLVI. | LOUIS XIV. AND HOME ADMINISTRATION.
CHAPTER XLVII. | LOUIS XIV. AND RELIGION.
CHAPTER XLVIII. | LOUIS XIV., LITERATURE AND ART.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Henry IV.——11

Sully——37

Henry IV. At Ivry——26

Rosny Castle——30

"Do Not Lose Sight of My White Plume."——30

Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma——32

Charles de Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne——35

Lemaitre, Mayenne, and the Archbishop of Lyons——53

Henry IV.'s Abjuration——56

The Castle of Monceaux——91

The Castle of St. Germain in the Reign Of Henry IV.—107

The Castle of Fontainbleau——124

Gabrielle D'estrees—130

Henry IV. And his Ministers——138

The Arsenal in the Reign of Henry IV.——143

Marie de Medicis——147

Concini, Leonora Galigai, and Mary De' Medici——149

Louis XIII. And Albert de Luynes——154

Murder of Marshal D'Ancre——155

Richelieu——180

Double Duel——188

"Tapping With his Finger-tips on the Window-pane."——191

Henry, Duke of Montmorency, at Castelnaudary——199

The King and the Cardinal——204

Cinq-Mars and de Thou Going to Execution——215

The Parliament of Paris Reprimanded——217

The Barefoots——221

The Abbot of St. Cyran——234

Demolishing the Fortifications——244

The Harbor of La Rochelle—-248

The King and Richelieu at La Rochelle——250

John Guiton's Oath——254

The Defile of Suza Pass——278

Richelieu and Father Joseph——280

Gustavus Adolphus——282

Death of Gustavus and his Page——290

The Palais-Cardinal——305

The Tomb of Richelieu——308

Descartes at Amsterdam——316

The King's Press——323

Peter Corneille——334

The Representation of "The Cid."——335

Corneille at the Hotel Rambouillet—-342

Louis XIV.——344

The Great Conde——348

Arrest of Broussel——352

Cardinal de Retz——352

"Ah, Wretch, if Thy Father Saw Thee!"——354

President Mole——355

The Great Mademoiselle——373

Anne of Austria and Cardinal Mazarin——394

Death of Mazarin.——399

Fouquet——404

Colbert——405

Vaux Le Vicomte——405b

Louis XIV. Dismissing Fouquet——407

Louvois——411

William III., Prince of Orange——434

The Brothers Witt——436

Death of Turenne——443

Turenne.——444

An Exploit of John Bart's——446

Duquesne Victorious over Ruyter—446a

Marshal Luxembourg—461

Heinsius——461

Battle of St. Vincent 465a

The Battle of Neerwinden——465

"Here is the King of Spain."——475

News for William III.——481

Bivouac of Louis XIV.——503

The Grand Dauphin——505

Marshal Villars and Prince Eugene——512

Marly——525

Colonnade of the Louvre 525a

Versailles—526

Vauban——534

Misery of the Peasantry——543

The Torture of the Huguenots—552

Revocation of the Edict Of Nantes——556

Death of Roland the Camisard——569

Abbey of Port-Royal——580

Reading the Decree 581

Bossuet——591

Blaise Pascal——597

Fenelon and the Duke of Burgundy——610

La Rochefoucauld and his Fair Friends——629

La Bruyere——633

Corneille Reading to Louis XIV.——642

Racine——646

Boileau-Despreaux——650

La Fontaine, Boileau, Moliere, and Racine——657

Moliere——664

Death of Moliere——669

Lebrun——674

Le Poussin and Claude Lorrain——675

Lesueur——676

Mignard 677

Perrault 678

1715 to 1789

CHAPTER XLIX.      | LOUIS XIV. AND HIS COURT.
CHAPTER L. | LOUIS XIV. AND DEATH. 1711-1715.
CHAPTER LI. | LOUIS XV., THE REGENCY, AND CARDINAL DUBOIS. 1715-1723.
CHAPTER LII. | LOUIS XV., THE MINISTRY OF CARDINAL FLEURY., 1723-1748.
CHAPTER LIII. | LOUIS XV., FRANCE IN THE COLONIES. 1745-1763.
CHAPTER LIV. | LOUIS XV., THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR.
CHAPTER LV. | LOUIS XV., THE PHILOSOPHERS.
CHAPTER LVI. | LOUIS XVI., MINISTRY OF M. TURGOT. 1774-1776.
CHAPTER LVII. | LOUIS XVI., FRANCE ABROAD.—UNITED STATES' WAR
CHAPTER LVIII. | LOUIS XVI., FRANCE AT HOME.—MINISTRY OF M. NECKER.
CHAPTER LIX. | LOUIS XVI., M. DE CALONNE AND THE ASSEMBLY OF NOTABLES.
CHAPTER LX. | LOUIS XVI., CONVOCATION OF THE STATES-GENERAL. 1787-1789.

List of Illustrations

The Grand Monarch in his State Robes——9

Madame de La Valliere——10

Madame de Montespan 12

The Iron Mask——14

Bed-chamber Etiquette——15

Madame de Maintenon and the Duchess of Burgundy.——27

Death of Madame de Maintenon.——34

The King Leaving the Death-bed of Monseigneur——36

Louis XIV. In Old Age——47

The Death-bed of Louis XIV.——50

Versailles at Night——52

The Regent Orleans——54

The Bed of Justice——57

John Law——62

La Rue Quincampoix—-68

The Duke and Duchess of Maine——71

Cardinal Dubois——78

Peter the Great and Little Louis XV.——82

Belzunce Amid the Plague-Stricken——96

The Boy King and his People——104

Death of the Regent—-107

Louis XV.——110

Cardinal Fleury—110

Mary Leczinska——121

Death of Plelo——130

"Moriamur Pro Rege Nostro."——142

Louis XV. and his Councillors——148

Louis XV. and the Ambassador of Holland——151

Marshal Saxe 154

Battle of Fontenoy——157

Brussels——159

The Citadel of Namur——161

Arrest of Charles Edward——166

Dupleix——168

La Bourdonnais——170

Dupleix Meeting the Soudhabar of The Deccan——174

Death of the Nabob Of The Carnatic——174

Lally at Pondicherry——184

Champlain——190

Death of General Braddock——203

Death of Wolfe——209

Madame de Pompadour——215

Attack on Fort St. Philip——218

Assassination of Louis XV. by Damiens——221

Death of Chevalier D'Assas——233

Antwerp——234

"France, Thy Parliament Will Cut off Thy Head Too!"—249

Defeat of the Corsicans at Golo——256

Montesquieu——269

Fontenelle——274

Voltaire——277

The Rescue of "La Henriade."——283

Arrest of Voltaire——298

Diderot——314

Alembert——317

Diderot and Catherine II.——321

Buffon 323

Rousseau and Madame D'Epinay——338

Louis XVI.——347

Turgot's Dismissal——367

Destruction of the Tea——378

Suffren——413

The Reading of "Paul and Virginia."——427

Necker Hospital——432

Marie Antoinette 456

"There Are My Sledges, Sirs."——458

Lavoisier——465

Cardinal Rohan's Discomfiture——470

Arrest of the Members——502

Genealogical Tables——545

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A POPULAR HISTORY OF FRANCE FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES ***

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