The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Ryght Profytable Treatyse Compendiously Drawen Out Of Many and Dyvers Wrytynges Of Holy Men

This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

Title: A Ryght Profytable Treatyse Compendiously Drawen Out Of Many and Dyvers Wrytynges Of Holy Men

Author: Thomas Betson

Release date: October 2, 2005 [eBook #16779]
Most recently updated: December 12, 2020

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Louise Hope, Internet Archive/Canadian
Libraries, Robert Cicconetti and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A RYGHT PROFYTABLE TREATYSE COMPENDIOUSLY DRAWEN OUT OF MANY AND DYVERS WRYTYNGES OF HOLY MEN ***

The original text labeled the recto (odd) pages of the first three leaves of each 12-page signature. These will appear in the margin as a i, a ii, a iii...
A few typographical errors have been corrected. They have been marked in the text with popups.

A
ryght profytable treatyse
compendiously drawen out of many
and dyvers wrytynges
of holy men
by
Thomas Betson

Printed in Caxton's house
by Wynkyn de Worde
about 1500

Cambridge
at the University Press
1905

The tract here reprinted is one of twenty-six formerly bound together in a remarkable volume (AB. 4. 58) which was presented to the University in 1715 by King George the First together with the rest of the Library of John Moore, Bishop of Ely.

The name of the author is only known from the colophon. It will be seen from the facsimile that the fourth letter of the name is not certainly an s. Herbert (p. 204) on the information of W. Cole gives the name as Betton: but it seems probable that we are right in reading it as Betson. Mr Bernard W. Henderson, who has very kindly examined the copy in the Library of Exeter College, Oxford, and Mr F. Madan, to whom he has shown it, are decidedly of opinion that the letter is a blurred s.

The date of printing is fixed by competent authorities as 1500, on the evidence of the states of the printer's mark and of the cut of the Crucifixion.

FRANCIS JENKINSON

This facsimile has been taken from the original in the Library of the University of Cambridge.

I certify that I have printed 250 copies only of this facsimile, that the impressions have been rubbed off the plates and the negatives destroyed.

P. DUJARDIN

pilcrow Here begynneth a ryght profytable treatyse cõpendiously drawen out of many & dyuers wrytynges of holy men / to dyspose men to be vertuously occupyed in theyr myndes & prayers. And declared the Pater noster. Aue. & Credo. in our moder tonge with many other deuoute prayers in lyke wyse medefull to religyous people as to the laye people with many other moost holsomest Instruccyons / as here after it shall folowe.

pilcrow The famous doctour Iohan gerson Chaûceler of Parys / takynge his groûde of holy scrypture. & accordynge with all other doctours sayth thus.

decorative O Vre moost mercyfull fadr lord god knowyng our freelte & redynes to all synnes. is euer redy duryng this wretched & mortall lyf / by many & dyuers ways to forgyue vs our trespace / & to graûte & gyue vs his grace / yf so be that truly we ordeyne vnto hym these treuthes folowynge sayd & done with all our herte. The fyrst / thou shalt saye. Blessyd lorde I knowleche yt I haue synned ayenst thy goodnes thus and thus Rehersynge thy synnes. And I am dyspleaseth therwith by reason of the whiche I do penaunce & wyll do. For I knowe well that I haue greued the & broken thy cõmaûdementes. In the whiche thou only ought to be worshypped. The seconde saye this treuthe. Good lorde I haue good purpose & desyre with thyn helpe to be ryght ware herafter that I fall not in to synne / & I entende to flee the occasions after ye possibilyte of my power. The thyrde is this. Mercyful lorde I haue a good wyll to make an hole confessyon of all my synnes whan place & tyme cõuenient may be had acordynge to thy cõmaûdement & all holy chirche. These thre treuthes who soeuer sayth wt his herte vnfaynyngly in what place yt euer it be / he may be sure yt he is in ye state of helth & grace & he shal haue euer lastynge lyf though he had done all the synnes of the worlde. And yf he decessed wtout ony other confession for lacke of a preest. as slepyng sodayn deth he sholde be saue suffrynge afore harde payne of purgatory / wherfor it is a good coûsel yt euery crysten man ones or twyes a daye erly or late / or els at lest on holy dayes examyne his conscyence & remêbre yf he may wt al his herte vnfaynyngly say these thre treuthes / & yf he do he may be sure yt he is in ye state of grace. And yf he may not. but is in wyll to synne ayen & to haue his delectacion wt dede / & wyll not flee the occasyons of mortall synnes & so drowned wyl not aryse. as vsurers. fals marchaûts or yt desyren vengeaûce wt suche other suche may be certayne yt the pope may not assoyle them Not for thy holsom coûsell is yt suche praye & gyue almesse & do other good dedes after theyr power yt god the father may lyghten theyr hertes. & the sooner torne them to goodnes. Amen.

pilcrow This Pater noster / taught our lorde his dyscyples / and all people by his gospell.

F Ader our that art in heuens / halowed be thy name. Thy kyngdom come to ye. Thy wyll be do as in heuen so in erthe. Our eche dayly brede gyue vs to daye. And forgyue vs our dettes ryght as we forgyue to our dettours. And lede vs not in to temptacyon. But delyuer vs from euyll Amen / that is to saye. So be it.

pilcrow This is the Aue maria / that Gabryell sayd salutynge our blessyd lady / & it is the gospell.

H Eyll Mary full of grace / the lorde is with the / blessyd be thou amonge wymen / & blessyd be the fruyte of thy wombe Ihesus. Amen.

pilcrow These ben the artycles of our Crede / and oure byleue / that who is baptysed and trusteth in hem shall be saued.

I Byleue in god fadr almyghty shaper of heuen & erthe. And in Ihesu cryste his oonly sone our lorde / the whiche is conceyued of the holy goost / borne of Mary the mayde / suffred payne & passyon vndr Ponce Pylate. Crucefyed / deed / & buryed / he lyghted downe to helles. The .iij. daye he arose frõ deth to lyue. He flyed vp in to heuens. He sytteth at the ryght syde of god the fadr almyghty From thens he is to come to deme both quycke & deed. I trowe in ye holy goost / holy chirche vnyuersall / comunynge of sayntes / forgyuenes of synnes ayen rysynge of flesshe / & euerlastynge lyf. Amen. Hope is truste by the mercy of god to be saued. And it standeth in the grace of our lorde & our good werkes. pilcrow Charyte is the ende & the perfeccion of all the cõmaûdementes of god / and it standeth in the loue of god aboue all thynges / & thy neyghbour as thy self

pilcrow These ben the seuen vertues ayenst the seuen vyces.

pilcrow Mekenes ayenst pryde.

pilcrow As in boostynge / despysynge / scornynge / hyghe herte / fayrnes / connynge / strengthe / vertue / pryde of kynne / vayne glory / dispyte of other / ypocresy.

pilcrow Pacyence ayenst Wrathe.

pilcrow As fyghtynge / chydynge / hurtyng / betyng / warryeng / cursynge / grutchynge / desyre of vengeaûce cruelnes &c.

pilcrow Charyte ayenst Enuye.

pilcrow As gladde of an other euyll fare / & to be heuy & sory of theyr welfare / bacbytynge / sowynge of dyscorde / scornynge / and suche other.

pilcrow Largenes ayenst Couetyse & Auaryce.

pilcrow In wynnynge / in byenge / in sellynge / in metynge / in waynge / gyle / trechery / sacrylege / symony / vsury / theeft / receyuynge of stolen goodes / wronge withholdynge of ony dute to the the chirche &c.

pilcrow Good occupacyon ayenst Slouth.

pilcrow As ydelnes / delyte in slepe / neclygent to cõne ye lawes of god / vnlusty to ye seruyce of god / myspendynge of tyme / dyspayre / wanhope & suche other.

pilcrow Abstynence ayenst Glotony.

pilcrow As in moche etynge & drynkynge / brekynge of faste / desyrynge of delycate metes & drynkes &c. pilcrow These ben the fyue goostly wyttes. Mynde / reason / wyll / ymagynacyon / vnderstandynge. pilcrow These ben the fyue bodely wyttes. Herynge seynge / smellynge / tastynge / and touchynge.

pilcrow Chastyte ayenst Lechery.

pilcrow As in thought / wyll / werke / in syght / in felyng in prouokyng / or synne ayenst kynde wt many other pilcrow The .vij. goostly dedes of mercy. Teche / coûsel chastyte / comforte / forgyue / suffre / & praye for thy enemyes. pilcrow The .vij. bodely dedes of mercy. Fede the hongry / gyue drynke to the thursty / clothe the naked / herborowe the herbourles / comforte the seke / vysyte prysoners / burye the deed.

pilcrow These folowynge ben the .vij. gyftes of the holy goost / that euery man sholde desyre to haue and kepe. Wysdome / counsell / knowynge / pyte / vnderstandynge / strength / and drede of god.

pilcrow These folowynge be the .iiij. cardynall vertues pilcrow Temperaûce. Is a meane betwix to moche & to lytell / & it standeth in takynge suffycyently yt nedeth & in refusyng yt is to moche or to lytel vtterly

pilcrow Ryghtwysnes / is a paynge of a dute to eche thynge yt it duly longeth vnto / as to god praysyng & thãkyng / to thy neyghbour loue & charyte / & to thyself besynes to fulfyl goddes wyl & his cõmaûdementes

pilcrow Prudence or Wysdome. Is a vertue yt departeth good from euyll / & it standeth in chesynge good & refusynge euyll.

pilcrow Strength maketh ony myghty and hardy to do grete thynges for the loue of god & in suffrynge pacyently aduersyte / and mekely takynge prosperyte.

pilcrow These ben the .vij. sacrementes of holy cherche Baptysme / wedloke / the sacrament of ye awter / cõfirmacõn / ordre / penaûce / & the last enoyntynge. pilcrow Here folowen the .x. cõmaûdementes pilcrow Worshyp no fals god. In whiche is forboden wytchecrafte / enchaûtementes / mawmentry / redyng of dremes / & al mysbyleue & such other. pilcrow Take not his name in vayn. In which is forboden all heresyes / forsweryng of all mysmenyng / vnworshyp of god / takynge his name î vayn & other. pilcrow Halowe ye holydays herynge deuoutly thy seruyce / kepyng ye out of dedely synne / & visyte ye poore / & helpe to acorde them yt ben at debate & suche other. pilcrow Worshyp thy fadr & thy moder. God thy fadr holy chirche thy modr / thy goostly fadrs / thy flesshly fader & modr / & people of age / & prelates of holy chirche. pilcrow Slee no man wt hande smytynge / nor wt thy mouth in bacbytyng with herte cursynge / ne wyll ony euyll or vengeaûce. pilcrow Do no lechery. In this is forboden all spousebreche wt bodely dede or goostly / & all wylfull polucõns or prouokynge to ye same. pilcrow Do no theeft. as î stelyng / wronge getyng / trechery / oker / dysherytage of heyres.wronge amercymêtes. fals mesure wrong purchasyng pilcrow Bere no fals wytnes / in this is forboden fals byenge / bacbytyng / fals accusyng and all such other. pilcrow Desyre not thy neyghbours wyf. In this is not only forboden the dede doyng but also the desyre & wyll of herte. pilcrow Desyre not thy neyghbours thynge / as house / londe / beest / seruaunt nor ony thynge that is his.

pilcrow These .vij. thynges folowynge sholde we haue euer in our mynde.

T He synnes yt we dayly do. The short tyme that we shall abyde here. The vncertayne of the daye of our deth. The vnstablenes & fraylte of vs. The strayte & ferefull Iugement of god. The bytter & vnspekable paynes ordeyned for synnes. The euerlastynge losse of eternall glorye. pilcrow Here foloweth a short remêbraûce for confessyon to al peple / & in especyal to al religious folke.

S Eldom shalt yu fynde tyme in all the yere in whiche yu shalt not haue cause to shryue the of some of these folowynge / that is to wete of hasty or neclygence saynge ye seruyce of god / or of lesynge of tyme / or els of vayne thought or of vndue reuerence to god or to our lady or his saynt or to ye other yt ben thy souerayns. Or in forgetynge god & his dayly benefayt. & not thankyng hym for his creacion & his redempcõn. & yt he gaf the yt mynde to dyspose the better than other ben wt suche other. And also not thankynge hym for thy dayly sustenaunce / clothynge & helth of thy body & for remissyon of thy synnes / for thyn enherytaûce of heuen wt other Innumerable. Also remêbre thy wode wordes or noysom / or els fals Iugementes in thy mynde / or fals suspycõn. Also of ony mouynge to wrath or to vayne heuynes or vayne gladnes. Also serche in thy mynde yf yu haue well spended ye daye & nyght without synne / as yf yu haue prayed or rede to lytell with suche other. Also yf yu haue past thy boûdes in wordes or in etynge or drynkynge / slepynge or laughynge with suche other. Also remembre how yu haste kepte the maundementes of thy souerayne / chastyte / pouerte / sylence in places & houres accordynge as yu art called for to do. Also yf ony persone in worde sygne or dede yu haste offended & gyuen ony cause or occasyon of greuaûce. Remembre also yf yu hast ouerskypped in the seruyce of god ony wordes / verses / or ony Inclynacyons & suche other. And of the wauerynge of thy mynde / thyn eyen / & other vnmanerly behauyour of all thy body. Also of thy vnhonest & noysom thoughtes / that yu sholde miyghtly resyst not taryenge with them by thy wyll. Serche also yf yu haue grutched for mete or drynke or other necessaryes for bycause they were not gyue to the after thy pleasyr. Loke also yf yu haue synned in moche takynge of mete & drynke / or ony other necessaryes more than nede requyred &c.

pilcrow Saynt Bernarde to a newe begynner in relygyon.

Y F yu entende to please god & woldest obteyne grace to fulfyll the same two thynges ben to the necessary. Fyrst thou must withdrawe thy mynde from all transytory & erthely thynges as who saye yu carest as lytell for them as there were none suche thynges. The seconde is yt yu gyue thyself to god / that yu saye nor do ony thynge / but that only that yu verely byleuest sholde please god And in this wyse folowynge yu mayst gete grace for the fyrst. In all thynges counte thyself vyle & symple / and as nothynge in regarde of vertue / & byleue all other to be good & better than thyself / & so shalt thou moost please god. What soeuer yu here or see of ony relygyous persone or of ony other good persones / thynke alwaye that all is done & sayd for good entent though they seme ye contrary / for oft man by suspycyon is begyled. Dysplease no creature / & vtter no langage to laude of thyself / though it were to thy moost famylyer & beloued felowe / studye euer more to kepe more preuy thy vertue than thy vyce / speke neuer euyll of ony man or woman though it be neuer so true / & open it not without it be in confessyon & yt whan yu can not elles shewe clerely thyn owne confessyon. Be more gladde to gyue thyn eere whan ony man is praysed / than whan ony persone is dyspraysed / Whan yu spekest haue fewe wordes / true / & sadde & euer of god / yf ony worldely persone speke wt ye and purpose or vtter vayne wordes / as soone as yu mayst breke out of suche comunycacõn & talkynge & talke of god & of his vertues / or elles departe & gyue ye to some goodly & goostly occupacõn. What soeuer befall the or ony other of thy frendes gyue no charge of it / yf it be prosperyte reioyse not therof / yf it be trouble or aduersyte be not sory for it. But take or acompte all suche thyngs as nought & euer prayse & thanke god / gyue charge as moche as yu mayst to ye wele & prosperyte of thy soule flee places of moche speche as moche as yu canst. For it is moche better one to kepe his tonge than to speke. After complyn speke no worde tyl the masse be done the next daye folowynge without a grete cause requyre. Whan yu seest ony thynge yt dyspleaseth the / see yf the faute be in thyself & than haue compassyon / yf it be not / thynke that it may be & so lete all thynges be to the as it were in a glasse to see thyself. Grutche not ayenst ony persone without thou see that yu may profyte what soeuer cause yu haue. Afferme neyther denye nothyng ouerthwartly / but lete thy nay or ye or thy doubte be powdred euer with salt / that is to saye / lete hem be spokan with discrecion & pacyence. Be euermore ware of mockynge & of scornynge. Yf yu be lyght of contenaûce see it be but selde / haue thy comunicacion but wt fewe persones & shortly behaue thyself so in all thy sayenge that yu speke not rather in a doubte than men sholde take auctoryte or groûde of thy sayenge. The seconde yu mayst obteyne in this wyse. Gyue thyself with grete deuocyon to praye & lete thyn herte agree with yt yu sayest both daye & nyght. Remembre also dylygentely that thou ymagyne the state of them / in whose remembraûce yu makest thy prayer. These thre haue alwaye in thy mynde / what yu were / what yu art / & what yu shalt be. By reason of thy body / yu were foule slyme of the erthe / & now thy body is the hous of fylte & derte / & herafter it shall be wormes mete. Also ymagyne ye paynes of them yt ben in helle & how that payne shall neuer haue ende / & how they suffre all these paynes for a lytell delectacõn & pleasyr in synne. Also ymagyne the Ioye of paradyse / & how that shal neuer be fynysshed & how shortly and soone it may be goten. Than thynke what sorowe & waylynge may be to them yt for so lytell a thynge here haue lost so grete Ioye contynuell. And whan yu hast ony thynge that doth dysplease the / or elles yu dredest to haue it / thynke & yf yu were in helle yu sholdest haue that / & all that yu woldest not haue / & so shalt yu suffre all thynge for crystus sake & his loue. Also whan yu hast ony thynge that pleaseth the / or elles that yu desyrest to haue / thynke & yf thou were in paradyse yu sholdest haue it & all other thynges that thou woldest desyre. Also whan there falleth ony fest of ony saynt thynke on hym what payne he suffred here for goddes sake & how shorte his payne was. Than thynke how greate Ioye he hath in heuen for that whiche is euerlastynge. And soo thou mayst thynke that the trybulacion or tourmentynge of the good men is soone gone. And in lyke wyse the Ioye of euyll men fadeth anone. but good men with theyr trybulacyon here geteth eternall glorye. And euyll men with theyr ouermoche Ioye here geteth euerlastynge payne. Furthermore whan yu art accombred wt slouth & lackest deuocõn / take this wrytynge & ymagyne dilygently all these thynges rehersed. Than thynke of the tyme yt yu lesest in vayne ydelnes / & thynke yt they that ben in helle wolde gyue all the worlde for so moche tyme to redeme theyr synnes yf they myght haue it. Whan yu hast ony trouble / thynke that they yt ben in paradyse shall neuer haue suche trouble. And whan yu hast ony spirytuell consolacyon or comforte / thynke yt they that ben in helle shall euer lacke that. Whan thou goost to bedde or to thy rest / thynke what yu hast thought / what yu hast sayd / what yu hast done that daye. And how prouffytable yu haste spende thy tyme / the whiche was gyuen the to spende it vertuously / to obteyne euerlastynge lyf. Yf yu haue spended it well / gyue praysynge to god. And yf yu haue spended it euyll / wepe & be sory for it. And the next daye yf thou may / dyfferre not to be confessed. Yf yu haue sayd or done ony thynge that greueth thy conscyence sore / ete no mete vntyll yu be shryuen & yu mayst. Now for a conclusyon / ymagyne in thy mynde two cytees / one full of trouble & mysery whiche is helle / an other full of Ioye and comforte whiche is paradyse. And how to one of these two ye must nedes come. Than thynke in thyself what thynge sholde cause the to do euyll / or what thynge sholde drawe the fro god. And I trowe yu shalt fynde none suche. I am certayne yf thou kepe well all these yt ben wryten here. The holy goost wyll be with the & teche ye to kepe them parfytly. Wherfore kepe well all these preceptes & cõmaûdementes & leue none behynde. Rede them twyes in the weke / on wensdaye & saterdaye. And as yu fyndest thou hast done as it is wryten. Gyue praysynge to god / whiche is euer pyteous & mercyfull in worlde withouten ende Amen.

pilcrow A deuoute prayer for relygyous people / or for theym that entre in to relygyon. Remembrynge the termes / and to do theym in dede.

I Hesu my maker & sauyour to thy wyll and ordynaûce I commytte me euery houre. Besechynge the entyerly for grace & mercy / so that I may be one of them that shall be saued. Teche me good lorde thy commaundementes to fulfylle / and to do that I come fore / eschewynge all euyll. Gyue me grace to loue the and to drede the aboue all thynge. Remembrynge thy grete benefettes / and euer to gyue the thankynge. And to kepe euer charyte / obedyence / pacyence / sylence / with humylyte / demynge euer the best / saye well / telle the trouthe / and neuer to lye. Lothe to offende / sory for my synne / and to helpe whan nede is / & to serue the euer deuoutly with mekenes to haue mede. Of ye trespaces of other to haue compassyon / wt good coûsell example & frendely consolacyon / & to do after good prechynge & holy sayntes lyues / kepynge my tonge & conscyence clene & to flee bacbytyng & stryues / & to gyue none occasyon of greuaûce neuer grutchyng / & flee ydelnes / & to praye for the deed & quycke alwaye be my besynes Takynge hede to my charges / & do to them with good wyll / gladde to be correcte of eche creature / & to leue myn owne wyll. And euer to be ware to excuse my synne / & to trust in myn owne wytte. Remêbrynge yt I come to relygyon for to do penaûce for synne / & repugne ayenst it / & to crye for mercy to the Ihesu & to thy moder Mary. In whome I trust & shall serue / & neuer for to varye Amen.

versicle pilcrow Domine fiat voluntas tua.

versicle pilcrow Sicut in celo et in terra.

Oratio Acciones nostras quesumus domine aspirando preueni et adiuuando prosequere. vt cûcta nostra operatio a te semper incipiat. et per te cepta finiatur. Per christum dominum nostrû Amen.

pilcrow This prayer folowynge is good for them that vnderstande not theyr seruyce in latyne. in syngynge. or sayenge. or that lacke deuocyon in tyme of theyr sayd seruyce. and wolde haue it.

B Lessyd Ihesu cryst our lorde god & sauyour whiche I knowe well come in to this worlde not for them that were Iuste & ryghtfull / but for synners to redeme them by thy deth & shedyng of thy precyous blood. Now mercyfull & pyteous. lord Iesu cryste forgyue me & haue mercy of me after thy grete mercyes / & for thy crosse & bytter passyon. For I am a synner / & haue greuously erred & offended the. Not for thy swete Ihesu. I byleue in the / & neuer denyed the nor shall. Attende & beholde good lorde Iesu my fayth & Intencyon / the vertue of the wordes of holy prayers yt I haue sayd / songe / or shall / & beholde not myn Inhabylyte & Ignoraunce. Wauerynge of mynde & neclygence. But graût of thy grete goodnes / that the prayers wt all other good dedes done by me / or to be done may gracyously profyte me. And them that I am bounde to praye for / or that haue nede of prayer / Whether they be lyuynge or deed / to thencreace of thy mercyes laude & glorye & worshyp of thy blessyd moder Mary & all sayntes Amen.

pilcrow Thankynges to our lord god for his dayly gyftes & benefaytes / & is called. Deo gracias.

A Lmighty & euerlastynge lorde god Ihesu cryst. I worshyp the. I gloryfye the. I thanke the now & euer shall for the makynge of me to thy symylytude / gyuynge to me with angelles wytte / reason & vnderstandynge / and haste redemed me with grete paynes vnto deth / shedynge thy precyous blood plenteuously for me / & dayly defendest me frõ myn enemyes goostly & bodely / preseruynge me to this tyme by thy grace / both slepyng & wakynge from dyuers perylles & dethys that other hath fallen in & perysshed. And ouer these yu hast endowed me with thyn holy cõmaundementes & newe lawes of grace & pyte / with holy sacramentes of the chirche. And moost in especyall gyuynge vs thy blessyd body & blood for destruccion of our synnes encreace of vertue & grace / and synguler comforte to all that ben on lyue and deed. And besydes these thou hast ordeyned angelles / & all other thy creatures bothe of heuen & erthe / as sonne and mone / fysshe & foule / beest and fruyte / with all other Innumerable to serue me. And to the entente that I sholde loue & serue agayne with all myn herte deuoutly. And also hast pyteously suffred me whan I haue synned. Not takynge me thenne to thy strayte Iugement to my dampnacyon perpetuell. Also I loue the / and thanke the in moost especyall for that thou hast made me heyre & partener of thy blysse in heuen perpetuelly / where I trust to see the face to face with the fader and the holy goost in eternall peas and glorye Amen

pilcrow For these blessyd Ihesu & other thy benefytes & gyftes Infynyte I thanke the with all my herte / & I desyre euer to serue the / to loue the / to worshyp the / & magnyfye the here / and in the worldes durynge withouten ende. Amen.

pilcrow A prayer full profytable to them that shal saye masse / & here masse / or to them that shall be houseled & comunyed / and besyde for all other that ben on lyue or deed.

I Hesu my lorde god / my loue & oonly comforte / the whiche as preest moost hyghe & synguler bysshop offered thyself to god thy fader / an hoste & sacrefyce moost clene & vndefouled on the crosse for our gylte & redempcyon / & hath gyuen it vnto vs / & lefte it in remêbraûce of thy grete charyte / deth / & passyon / and therwith hast cõmaunded vs to ete / & cõmone this gloryous sacrament of thy blessyd body ymade wonderfully by the vertue of the holy goost for our dayly helth / freelte / & transgressyon. wherfore blessyd Iesu / to the be laude and praysynge worlde withouten end. Amen. pilcrow And for as moche that by the holy ordynaunce the consecracyon therof & offerynge vp to thy hyghe mageste for the quycke and deed oonly belongeth to the order of preesthode. For thy good lorde of thy grete pyte & grace. Make thy seruaût or seruaûtes. pilcrow here name ye whom ye wyll that shall saye masse. N. and all other preestes clene in body and soule. And delyuer them of all vnclene / wycked vayne / and noysom thoughtes / and strengthe them ayenst all theyr enemyes / and vs also with thy gloryous angelles / and confounde all suche that pursuen them and vs / and wolde make vs to perysshe fynally. pilcrow Ihesu kyng of virgyns / & louer of chastyte. Remembre how frele that our substaûce & nature is / & be mercyfull vnto them & vs as fader / lorde / & god / after thy grete mercy & for thy bytter passyon. For to the is oonly appropered to be mercyfull / without whiche no creature may be saued. Beholde swete Ihesu that our wyll is to worshyp the / & prayse the in the best maner that we can or may / and lyke as yu haste begonne with vs here / so make vs to contynue in thyn laude & seruyce euerlastynge. And where it is so that they knowleche themself vnable to do this heuenly mystery. For thy good lorde Ihesu / by thy grace make them able / the whiche of synners haste made full often and dayly makest holy sayntes. And gyue them also thy drede & clennes of herte with the ryuer of teeres in all spirytuell consolacyon. Make them to fele & vnderstande the swetnes of thy blessyd presence / & the grete attendaunce of thy holy angelles about hem at theyr celebracyons. Receyue mercyfull Ihesu this hyghe & holy sacryfyce to the comfort of all yt ben on lyue & deed / & wouchesauf this daye yt it be to vs & to all them a synguler refresshynge & feest / that we so releued wt this brede of lyue & lambe Inmaculate / borne of the blessyd virgyn Mary may Ioye in thy laude & glorye eternally. Thou saydest by thy holy mouth. The brede yt I shall gyve / my body it is / for the lyf of the worlde. Who that eteth me / he shal lyue for me / & he abydeth in me / & I in hym. I am the brede of lyf that came downe from heuen. He that eteth of this brede shall lyue without ende. Now swete brede of lyfe make both them & vs fele thy swetnes & loue forsakynge all vanytees. Come in to our soules / & clense vs goostly & bodely / sanctefye vs Inwarde & outwarde / & be a contynuell defence of soule & body / so that we may come to thy kyngdome / there to be fedde of the with a meruaylous & vnspekable sacyete. Where after we shall neuer haue hongre ne thurst / seynge the than / not as we now do / in mysteryes & of ferre home / but thenne shall we see the face to face in glorye with thy fader in vnyte of the holy goost by all worldes Amen.

pilcrow Pater noster. Aue maria.

pilcrow Here foloweth a prayer to all sayntes / examyned and pardonned.

pilcrow Ad sanctam mariã.

G Aude mater saluatoris
felix fide flos decoris
Mundique solacium
Nunc letare celi choris
In hoc festo & languoris
Nostri sis remedium

pilcrow Ad sanctos angelos.

Gaude michael î hac die
Gabriel raphaelque messie
Angelorum ordines
Vos precamur nobis pie
Sitis causa melodie
Supra celi cardines

pilcrow Ad Patriarchas
et prophetas.

Gaude ventre prosecratus
O baptista mire natus
Sacer degens seculo
Patriarchis sociatus
Et prophetis. vite flatus
Fac finire iubilo

pilcrow Ad Apostolos et
euangelistas.

Gaude petre cû sodali
Paulo. cristo speciali
Lucens orbis climata

Et caterna generali
Vestra sita loco tali
Nos cû eis adiuua

pilcrow Ad martires.

Gaude thoma spes ãglorum
Et georgi tutor horum
Cum Edwardo nobili
Tu laurenti rege lorum
Vt tuamur poli chorum
Cum fauore stephani

pilcrow Ad. s. confessores.

Gaude presul o martine
Nicholae. hugo. line.
Posce nobis graciam
Erkenwalde que birine
Iam cû tuis augustine
Da supremo gloriam

pilcrow An. s. virgines.

Gaude virgo katherina
Margareta. magdalena
Cum brigitta. brigida
Anna. fides. et cristina
Nos seruãdo nûc diuina
Gens celorum iubila

versicle. Letamini in domino.

response. Et gloriamini.

Oratio.

C Oncede quesumus omnipotentes deus. vt intercessio sancte dei genitricis marie sanctarumque omnium celestium virtutum. et beatorum patriarcharum. prophetarum. apostolorum. euangelistarum. martirum. confessorum. atque virginum. et omniû electorum tuorum nos vbique letificet. vt dum eorum merita recolimus patrocinia senciamus. Per eundê christum dominum nostrû. Amen.

pilcrow Here folowen the seuen degrees of humylyte.

pilcrow Caste thy syght downwarde / and shewe mekenesse / bothe in thy herte and body.

pilcrow Beware of hyghe speche & clamorous / and see that thy wordes be fewe well sette & resonable. Be not lyght for to laugh / but vse euer sadnesse.

pilcrow Be stylle & kepe sylence / tyll nede requyre that answere must be hadde. Kepe well the comyn rule as the holy place hath vsed.

pilcrow Thynke the moost vylest of all other / & so pronoûce thyself. Knowlege the vnworthy & not profytable to ony thynge / & to byleue in dede.

pilcrow Make ofte confessyon of thy synnes / and that with greate contrycyon. Kepe pacyence in thy obedyence at all thy paynes & trouble.

pilcrow To all people be thou subgette for thy maysters sake / thyn owne wyll forsake it / and loue it in no wyse.

pilcrow And euer kepe the from synne / for fere of hym aboue. Amen.

pilcrow Here folowen the seuen degrees of obedyence.

pilcrow The fyrste is to do that is cõmaûded of thy souereyne without grutchynge.

pilcrow The seconde is to make none excepcyon / neyther of the tyme / neyther of the dede that is to be done.

pilcrow The thyrde is to be gladde & cherefull in thy herte to do suche dedes cõmaûded without ony cõpulcyon / settynge a side all beestly condycyons.

pilcrow The fourth is to be quycke in suche dede doynge & leuynge all other occupacyons for that tyme or ony maner of excuse.

pilcrow The fyfthe is to do suche thynges with all thy myght and power / thynkynge that thy rewarde shall be grete.

pilcrow The sixte is to do them also with al mekenesse bothe in spyryte and gesture.

pilcrow The seuenth is to contynuye suche obedyence for the ende of thy lyf / euer folowynge thy mayster Ihesu cryste / that was moost obedyent for thy synne vnto deth Amen.

pilcrow The seuen degrees of pacyence thou mayst beholde here.

pilcrow To euyll done to the or aduersyte / make no resystence. pilcrow Do no euyll for euyll / ne gyue an euyl answere. pilcrow Loue thyn enmye / & do good for euyl to hym in recompence. pilcrow Grutche not ayenst aduersyte / but take it as swete as encence. pilcrow Accõpt it for best medycyne / and be gladde in thy payne. pilcrow Thanke god therfore / & loke for more with all benyuolence. pilcrow And whan thou hast no grutchynge in these / thenne meyst thou be fayne.

pilcrow The .xv. degrees of charyte.

pilcrow These make parfyte charyte after Poules epystle. pilcrow Be pacyente contynuelly for ony aduersyte. pilcrow Lyberall to the nedy / & do good for euyll. pilcrow Of other mênes welfare. enuye not ne be heuy pilcrow Lette not by thy crokednesse good werkes to multeplye. pilcrow Swelle not inwarde by malyce yf thy nyghbour prospere. pilcrow Loue to be in lowe degree / & loth to be hye. pilcrow To labour for other as thyself do thy vtter deuour. pilcrow Be not moued for ony cause to vêgeaûce or to yre. pilcrow Thynke none euyll to another for ony prouocacyon. pilcrow Ioye thou not in wyckednesse but sorowe yu rather. pilcrow Be gladde in trought & ryghtwysnesse & hate dyssymulacyon. pilcrow For suche ryght bere aduersyte or ony trybulacõn. pilcrow To yt the chirche techeth the put ful credulyte. pilcrow That god hath promysed trust it well without defalcatyon. pilcrow In hope abydynge his rewarde and euerlastynge glorye. Amen.

pilcrow A lytell Instruccõn for them that shall entre in to religyon / drawen out of the longe rule of saynt Iherom that he wrote to saynt Eustochiû &c.

L Oue god aboue all thynge / & thy neyghbour as thyself. In these two is fulfylled all ye lawe & cõmaûdementes of god & parfyte charyte wtout whiche can noman or woman be relygyous & come to heuen / & the whiche had among them they make theyr place or monastery a paradyse in erthe & themself professed therin angelles full pleasaût vnto god. Wherfor amonge ye spouses of god ben one wyll / one comfort / one heuynes Remembrynge yt he is prynce of peas & charyte. in whom they shalbe wedded vnto. Forsake ye desyre of têporall goodes / for better it is to be ryche with other in the worlde than to be poore in a monasterye & to haue a desyre to haue god. Blessyd be they sayth our lorde yt ben poore in spyryte &c. pilcrow The more noble yt ye ben & come of worshypfull lynage ye more ye shal meke your self / & euer be gladde of poore & vyle habyte or clothynge / beware of obstentacyon & pryde or to desyre to be better arayed than an other syster is. And remembre yt ye shall be professed & wedde elyke to one spouse Ihesu cryste in one wyl & vowe / whiche loue none suche syngularyte / pompe & vayne glorye. For in his court shall not a kynges doughter haue prerogatyf afore an other in lower degree borne. Goostly lyf requyreth no dignyte temporall / though all ye be neuer so meke / yet your spouse was & is moche more meker. See in your mynde how yt saynt Peter was a poore fyssher / and Bartylmew a noble man of byrth. Netheles Peter was preferred & made prynce of Bartylmew & of all the worlde. Beware of grutchynge yt whiche gretly dyspleaseth god. Commende neuer your self of ony goodes gyuen or to be gyuen of you or by yours to ye monasterye or els where / but euer lerne & vse you to take ye crosse & to folowe your spouse in penaûce / & do that ye come for / kepynge obedyence / pacyence / mekenesse / sylence / prayer / fastynge / & suche other as your relygyon wyll gyue you Instruccyon. And in ony wyse shewe mekenesse in your langage / countenaûce & all other behauyour / & in especyall to your heed & souerayne / the whiche representeth cryste your spouse / & that in all obedyence / drede / loue / & reuerence. Neuer disputynge of theyr wyll or of other that be your souerayns / but thynke yt all is ryghtfull yt they do / presume not to correcte theyr Iugementes. For as by example yf eche man sholde haue the guydynge of a shyppe yt they be within / it sholde neuer prospere ne come to the hauen yt it desyred. And as ye be professed deed to the worlde so be ye deed in other mennes dedes. pilcrow Also remêbre that ye must forsake your owne wyll & offre it vp & gyue it to god & to them that shall be your souerayne & heed for euer more. Enforce eche one of you that shall come to religyon to passe an other in obedyence / for than doubtles ye shall please god A true obedyencer that hath vtterly forsaken his owne wyll / knowe not ony thynge harde to do yt is cõmaunded of theyr souerayne ne ony thynge vnryghtfull. pilcrow Beware of ydelnes the whiche is moder of all synne & vnclennesse / so that by your offyce that ye be called to / or by prayer / redynge / wrytynge / sewynge / or other handewerkes doynge / ye may make your bodyes dayly wery & crucyfyed. And therby make your spyrytes the more quycke and apte to the seruyce of our lorde in confusyon of your enemye and encreace of glorye. pilcrow Beware to be Inquysytyf / or to muse on hyghe maters and subtyll. And leue them to worldely people / and to clerkes / for otymes the letter may hurte you Thynke euer yt ye had leuer dye than ones to passe the clausures or boûdes of your monasterye. Yf ye haue a faythfull & a Iuste frende / to whom ye may open ye secretes of your herte / than ye haue a grete tresour / for oftymes one shall be deceyued & seldome can iuge the trouth in his owne maters so well as other. Knowe your owne synnes & wayle them & medle wt none other. Beware euer of detraccion & flee it as it were a venemous serpent / yt the speker therof be your contenaûce & departynge from them may be ashamed / & therwith lothe for euer so to speke or do. Moreouer yf ye wyll see your spouse Ihesu cryst in your mynde by contemplacõn euer kepe your sylence. For saynt Ierom sawe many in Egypt amonge holy faders that .vij. yeres togyder spake not owne worde / but only to god & to his saynt. Yf the caas be so yt ye must speke / lete it be in all peas & charyte & wt fewe wordes. Remembrynge yt your spouse loueth no voyde claterynge / but wolde be wt you alone in all quyetnesse in your soules. Wherfore be ye aferde to dysplease hym or to dryue hym out from you wt stryues or debate / sclaundres / othes / and suche other / pilcrow Saynt Iames coûselleth eche man to refrayne his tonge / sayenge that lyf & deth ben in the power of ye same tonge / wrytynge thus. Who that refrayneth his tonge he shalbe blessyd in all dedes &c. Knowleche your self at all tymes carayne and erthe / & the glory therof is as a floure in the medowe. Absteyne you as pylgryms from all desyres of ye flesshe / the whiche dayly bataylleth ayenst the soule. Absteyne also from lyes at all tymes / as ye wolde from helle / for them in no wyse loueth Ihesus your spouse. And also beware to mayntene or botrace suthe lyes whiche is abhomynable in the syght of god. Yf there come ony straûger vnto you / lete hym knowe by your heuenly talkynge & behauyour yt ye be a well taught spouse of cryste & yt they may glorefye in you & for you & be amended by you. Bere ye wordes of saynt Ierom in your mynde that sayth thus. Truste me verely yt theris no thynge more peryllous to a man. than is a woman / & to a woman no thynge more contagyous than is a man / for eyther of them is chaff & eyther is fyre. And note this for a truth / yt preuy talkyng lacketh no suspycyon. That thynge is not lefull to be seen / yt is not lefull to be desyred. More than ony man can suppose or wryte / ye deuyll reioyseth whan memorye of o man is fixed & had in a womãnes herte. There is no venym in the worlde so noysom to woman as is affeccõn towarde man of what soeuer cause it procede or growe. Ye may see yt the desyre of worldly wymen is euer in vesture / golde / precyous stones / & ornament outwarde of the body / & therin they put theyr glorye & felycyte. In so moche yt it suffyseth not them theyr luste gyuen by nature only / but they seke occasyon & craft by the sayd premysses to encreace theyr sayd luste & desyres to theyr grete dampnacõn / beware ther fore of ony costely habyte or suche vanytees &c. Certaynly sayth the sayd saynt Ierom / ye pryncypall desyre is of suche wymen yt men sholde fest theyr eyen in ye faces of them by the prouocacõn & syght of theyr precyous arraye. But they sholde cõsyder though nature hath gyuen to golde / & suthe other a precyosyte wherby they ben praysed / what is yt to the vyle carkas yt it hangeth vpon / the whiche is but a sachell of dounge brought forth of vnclene seed & fynally shall be wormes mete.

pilcrow The wordes of saynt Ierom.

O Thou moost vylest & worse than ony beest how shamefast sholdest ye be in thy body yf thou woldest beholde thyself / yt so in thyn arraye auaûcest thyself. And this blessyd Ierom sayth. I take them for no relygyous wymen yt ben cladde in costlyous araye or in a wanton & pynched habytes but he calleth them in latyn. Pessimas meretrices et storta. Wherfore desyre ye to go in vyle & vnshapely vesture. that wanton & dissolute persones may rather be prouoked to scorne & laughe at you than to thynke euyl or desyre you / for they say not trouthe that do ensure themself with a glorye to kepe chastyte in a costely or ony shapely vesture / ye shal be called ladyes / for bycause that ye shall be spoused to the kyng of all kynges. Beware than & take hede with all mekenesse to your dygnyte / in lesse than your spouse be greued & make a deuorce & to departe from you. Yf that ye wyst & ones had tasted how swete your spouse were. ye sholde haue pleasyr ynough that passeth all worldly pleasyrs. This Ioye & pleasye had saynt Ierom & many other both of men & wymen / kepe the mansyon of your spouse clene / & garnysshe it with floures of vertue / and accompte your self moost vyle & outcaste of this worlde. Remembre also how in your baptysme ye forsoke the worlde / the enuye / and all theyr pryde & glory / the whiche now ye shall cõferme vnder ye grettest othe that may be / & therwith receyue our lorde god in sacramêt in this your fyrste entrynge in to religyon. Beware also of vayne glory / lyftynge vp your vysage & voyce on hyghe as wymen done in the worlde. Rebukyng other or to speke of your noble blood or kynrede / for in the spousage and seruyce of god / the poorest mannes doughter lyuynge shall be egall & lyke to the gretest kynges doughter lyuynge in erthe. Ye muste forsake all suche worldely pompe & vanyte & take a newe & a more sure noble dignyte by your spouse Ihesu cryst that neuer shall haue ende / the poorest of you bryngeth more to the monastery / so that ye come with a meke herte and in wyll to forsake yf that ye hadde neuer so moche / than she that bryngeth moche with a proude herte / and therwith to other wolde haue it knowen. Beware euer that no foule worde or stryue be amonge you yt ben deed folke in this worlde. But euer thynke yt the trompe of the last daye of Iugement soundeth in your eeres / and calleth you sayenge. Ryse doughters Ryse / & come to your Iugement. Lete euer your mynde be with your spouse / and with your moder blessyd Marye / & the sayntes as often as ye synge or rede. Remembrynge yt god is there present and seeth what ye do Lete none see you from the seruyce of god or vnoccupyed. In redynge of prophetes epystles / gospelles / sayntes lyues / & other dedes of vertue doynge / hauynge euer bokes in your handes / studyenge or wrytynge / yt people seynge you may saye. Beholde here the seruaût of god / & the lanternes of the worlde. Beware also of glotony whiche is moder of all vnclennesse & bocheres of chastyte / & kepe your stomake rather voyd than to take to it superfluyte wherthorugh ye shall not nede to take medicynes for a digestyon. Vse curtesly to ete & not gredely nor hastely / for therin may ye synne. It is wryten in the lyf of saynt Benet yt a religious woman wt a gredenes receyued a wycked spiryte in etynge of letuse in ye gardeyn. Also they yt vse to drynke wyne go not wtout fyre î theyr bosom. And euer beware of dronkenshyp / remenbrynge yt abstynence & fastynge is a sure medycyne for all sekenes. And by them cometh grete vertue & grace. Not for thy beware of vndiscrete abstynence / whiche myght cause you to haue payne here & in tyme to come. Whan tyme is of redyng at your meles & repast or ony other good doctryne than beware of speche or laughynge / but take hede to ye lecture. And knocke pryuely your brestes & that yf ye may with fallynge of teeres / after your meles reherce your lectures or some notabilytees of sermons or other holy thynges yt ye haue herde or seen afore. And whan ye praye be sory for the Ignoraûce of the people & theyr synnes / & mynde the soules that ye be specyally boûde to praye for with all other crysten soules. And yf ye wyl haue ye swetenes of contemplacõn / clense your herte from all worldly thynges. And be as ye were deed amonge them & as ye were buryed in your sepulcre the whiche betokeneth your monastery / to the tyme ye aryse & appere afore your spouse to haue your rewarde of his glory. Whan ye shal go to your garden & seen the herber & grene trees smellynge ye floures & fruytes with theyr swetnesse / meruaylle the grete power of god in his creatures / & thenne labour & engendre in your mynde / or talkynge of deuocõn & lyfte vp your herte to heuen / & thynke verely yt the maker of them that is your spouse in heuen is vnspekable fayre / swete / delectable / and gloryous. But beware touche there nothynge to a vayne vse or nycete of the worlde. After complyne kepe your tonge & take you to prayer & contemplacion. And call to your mynde suche heuenly thynges that ye haue herde or redde afore. See in ony wyse that ye kepe this poynt of goddes lawe & of ye lawe of nature. Do euer to an other as ye wolde be done vnto

pilcrow Deo gracias.

pilcrow Thyse short prayers folowynge taught our lorde saynt Brigytte. Saye ye them ofte in the daye.

D Omîe ihesu christe. ego cognosco me grauiter peccasse. Et libenter volo emêdare per gratiam tuã Miserere mei propter amarã passionê tuã. Domine ihesu christe. Redemisti nos in sanguîe tuo. Laus sit tibi pro amara passione tua.

pilcrow Pater noster. Aue maria.

pilcrow Also vse for to saye dayly knelynge in remembraûce of the passyon of our lorde & his fyue woûdes / & of the grete compassion of our blessyd lady .v. Pater noster / and .v. Aue maria. & a Credo.

pilcrow Deus propicius esto michi peccatori. Ihesu fili dei miserere mei et tocius populi cristiani.

pilcrow Semper deo gracias.

pilcrow Praye for your broder Thomas Betton which for your soules yt be come or shall come in to relygyon / drewe and made the contentes of this lytell quayer & exhortacion. necessary & nedefull to them that ben come & shall come to relygyon.

pilcrow Lerne to kepe your bokes clene &c.

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A RYGHT PROFYTABLE TREATYSE COMPENDIOUSLY DRAWEN OUT OF MANY AND DYVERS WRYTYNGES OF HOLY MEN ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™

Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.